alexandria engineering journal最新文献

{"title":"TraffiCoT-R: A framework for advanced spatio-temporal reasoning in large language models","authors":"Tariq Alsahfi ,&nbsp;Kaleem Ullah Qasim","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.05.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.05.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spatio-temporal prediction investigates dynamic patterns in urban areas, including traffic flow, population movement, and infrastructure development and change. Most of the existing methods, however, require massive historical labeled data to train domain-specific models for a particular area of interest, which leads to inefficiency and reduced generalizability across different real-world environments. Such constraints call for models with high generalizability across different spatio-temporal applications. In this study, we introduce TraffiCoT-R, a prompt-based method that models the spatio-temporal relationships efficiently with LLMs. TraffiCoT-R integrates Spatio-Temporal Feature Importance Rotation (ST-FIR), a feature selection method, with a Feature Definition Module to enable contextualized reasoning and a multi-step iteration framework to enhance prediction. Such developments enable robust performance in zero-shot and few-shot configurations. Experiments on PeMS, NYCTaxi, NYCBike, and CHITaxi demonstrate that TraffiCoT-R outperforms state-of-the-art baselines on all the above-mentioned datasets in zero-shot configurations. These results show the potential of unifying LLMs with spatio-temporal frameworks for data-efficient, scalable city analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"128 ","pages":"Pages 464-475"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-class data augmentation for prediction of postpartum hemorrhage using improved ACGAN","authors":"Xiaodan Li ,&nbsp;Yue Zhou ,&nbsp;Fengchun Gao ,&nbsp;Di Cheng ,&nbsp;Wushan Li ,&nbsp;Kaijian Xia ,&nbsp;Hongsheng Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.03.141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.03.141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dataset of primary postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) faces the challenge of insufficient samples, and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have shown considerable promise in addressing the scarcity and imbalance of samples in the diagnosis of PPH. However, existing GAN models often suffer from inherent defects, including mode collapse and gradient vanishing. To surmount these limitations, we propose an innovative supervised model framework, the Multi-Expert Auxiliary Classifier Generative Adversarial Network (MWACGAN), based on an improved Wasserstein distance. Firstly, an independent Deep Neural Network (DNN) classifier is ingeniously integrated to enhance the synergy between discrimination and classification tasks. Secondly, the objective function is designed using the Wasserstein distance with gradient penalty constraints to improve the quality of newly generated sample data and the stability of the training process. The proposed method is employed for the diagnosis of patients with PPH. In comparison to existing algorithms such as Adaptive Synthetic Sampling (ADASYN), traditional Auxiliary Classifier Generative Adversarial Network (ACGAN) and Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (CGAN), etc., this method can generate high-quality PPH sample data more efficiently. It serves as a valuable tool to support the training of deep learning-driven diagnostic models for PPH patients, achieving good stability and high-precision prediction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"128 ","pages":"Pages 426-436"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144194790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the reduction rate anti-fixation phenomenon by combining precursor porosity and relative vacuum mechanisms","authors":"Jing-zhong Xu,&nbsp;Ting-an Zhang ,&nbsp;Yan Liu,&nbsp;Yishan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.05.091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.05.091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high carbon emission (23 t CO₂ / 1 t Mg) and high energy consumption (5tce / 1 t Mg) of raw magnesium smelting seriously limit the expansion of its output. Compared with the vacuum continuous magnesium smelting process (RVCMS), the direct reduction after calcination can effectively reduce carbon emissions (11 ∼ 13 t CO₂ / 1 t Mg) and energy consumption (3 ∼ 3.5tce / 1 t Mg), and break the vacuum conditions to achieve continuous production. The improvement of reduction rate is an important factor to promote the industrialization of new process. In this paper, the reduction reaction model of prefabricated pellets was constructed and the mechanism of reduction process was studied by regulating the ratio of reducing agent in prefabricated pellets. The results indicate that prefabricated pellets composed of dolomite, magnesite, and aluminum powder were prepared by crushing and grinding. When the reducing agent content was 90 % of the theoretical amount, the pellets were first calcined at 1000 °C for 1 h. This led to MgCO₃ thermal decomposition, increased porosity, and the formation of additional Mg(g) release channels. The reduction reaction then proceeded at 1300 °C for another hour. Under this condition, the reduction rate of pellets increased from 91.05 % to 92.43 %. When the addition amount of reducing agent is less than 90 %, due to the lack of reducing agent involved in the reaction, some MgO cannot fully react, resulting in a relatively low reduction rate. When the addition amount of reducing agent is higher than 90 %, the excessive reducing agent will increase the densification degree of calcium aluminate sintering and reduce the number of pores. It is difficult for Mg(g) to escape from the reaction area in time to form a higher local vapor pressure inhibition reaction, which also leads to a decrease in the reduction rate. Combined with the mechanism of pore-forming degree and relative vacuum degree, the influence formula of reduction rate of prefabricated pellets was constructed, which was in good agreement with the results of reduction rate anti- fixation experiment. The optimized process shows excellent energy saving and emission reduction effect, which can improve the efficiency of raw magnesium smelting. When the reduction rate increases, the difficulty of secondary utilization of slag phase is significantly reduced. The calcium aluminate phase produced can be used in refractory materials, electronic ceramics, steelmaking agents and other fields to realize resource recycling and provide a feasible solution for the sustainable development of magnesium smelting industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"128 ","pages":"Pages 413-425"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144194789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing mechanical property predictions of woven fabrics: A dual regression approach","authors":"Sherien N. Elkateb,&nbsp;Shereen Fathy,&nbsp;Wael A. Hashima","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.05.092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.05.092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In today's marketplace, fabric manufacturers strive to attain client satisfactions, which are accomplished by ongoing testing of qualities that impact comfort and quality. The ability to predict these features reduces testing time and expense while maintaining the requisite degree of quality. Consequently, this work aims to develop robust prediction models for key mechanical properties of woven fabric in both warp and weft directions by conducting a comprehensive comparative analysis of predictive methods utilizing statistical modeling techniques, specifically multiple linear regression and multiple non-linear regression analyses. Experiments conducted with various samples of cotton-polyester blends and weft densities form plain woven fabrics, examining properties as tensile strength, bending stiffness, and elongation% in warp and weft directions. Using multiple linear regression to develop six prediction models. Each model was trained on 36 samples and tested on 15 to assess its predictive performance. Comparing model precision allowed for the selection of the most precise prediction model. Based on the MAPE values ranging from 0.010 % to 0.047 %, regression models achieved remarkable precision in the prediction of stiffness, strength, and elongation% in sequence.Thus, the use of these models in weaving mills is therefore highly advised in order to properly forecast all mechanical parameters while reducing testing expenses and material waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"128 ","pages":"Pages 457-463"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144194792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements, challenges, and prospects of cost-effective electric vehicles: A review","authors":"M.R.H. Mojumder ,&nbsp;Taher Hasan Nakib ,&nbsp;M. Hasanuzzaman ,&nbsp;A.S. Abdel-Khalik","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.05.088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.05.088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electric vehicles (EVs) are critical to reducing emissions and fossil fuel dependency. However, widespread adoption remains constrained by high upfront costs, limited charging infrastructure, and persistent range anxiety. These barriers vary in intensity; underdeveloped countries remain largely uninvolved, developing nations struggle to establish EV ecosystems, and developed countries continue to refine supportive policies. Although dynamic charging and battery swapping offer potential, they often entail significant infrastructure demands. A key research question - how cost-effective current EV technologies are - remains inadequately addressed. This review fills that gap by providing an integrated assessment of cost-curtailment strategies across the EV life cycle. The novelty of this work lies in its multidisciplinary approach, combining emerging advancements in battery technology, innovative charging systems, and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) solutions with frameworks for safety, policy, and economic analysis. Beyond technical innovations, this review emphasizes critical yet underexplored issues such as energy storage safety, charging network cybersecurity, grid stability, and the integration of renewable energy. It also evaluates the evolving role of government incentives, standardization, and innovative financing in supporting a sustainable and cost-effective EV transition. Market trends are contextualized, highlighting the decline in battery costs to US$105/kWh by 2024, with projections of $75/kWh by 2030 and a growth in global charging stations to 12.5 million. This work outlines specific research gaps across multiple domains. It offers strategic guidance for future research and policy, bridging engineering, economic, and environmental perspectives to support scalable and resilient EV adoption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"128 ","pages":"Pages 437-456"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144194791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A three-dimensional integrated evaluation system for product competitiveness under complex demands: An LDA and PSO-FAHP based hybrid optimization approach","authors":"Kun Wang ,&nbsp;Kexiang Li ,&nbsp;Xueqian Jiang ,&nbsp;Jiawei Lin ,&nbsp;Xuan Liu ,&nbsp;Zhuang Xiong ,&nbsp;Guojie Ji ,&nbsp;Bingzhe Li","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.05.061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.05.061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the lack of interpretability and limited adaptability of traditional product evaluation methods due to their reliance on expert experience, this study proposes an integrated evaluation system that integrates LDA-PSO-FAHP. LDA topic modeling analyzes user-generated content, extracts potential product attributes and consumer needs, and constructs a three-dimensional evaluation system. Secondly, a PSO-FAHP hybrid decision model is developed, and the initial weights are generated using fuzzy hierarchical analysis combined with particle swarm optimization to correct the judgment matrix dynamically. Then, the design case of elderly walkers is used as an empirical object, and verification shows that the system evaluation results are significantly positively correlated with the sales growth rate of the B2B platform and the user praise rate. Finally, comparative experiments prove that this method is superior to traditional methods in terms of consistency of judgment matrix and accuracy of weight calculation. The system aims to provide a decision-making tool for the manufacturing industry that considers both market semantic analysis and design parameter optimization and helps product development transform from a subjective experience-driven to a data-model collaborative decision-making paradigm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"128 ","pages":"Pages 394-412"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144184403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of asiaticoside in keloid treatment: Insights from a single-cell transcriptomic approach combined with network pharmacological analysis","authors":"Xiaobo Zhou ,&nbsp;Li Lin ,&nbsp;Canbin Dong ,&nbsp;Jui-Ming Lin ,&nbsp;Yiyi Gong ,&nbsp;Wenyu Wu ,&nbsp;Jia Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.04.086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.04.086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work sought to clarify the molecular processes through which asiaticoside operates in treating keloid by utilizing an integrated approach employing scRNA-seq and systems pharmacological methods. We performed scRNA-seq on three patients' keloid and adjacent normal skin samples. We detected 1500 highly variable genes and further examined them using PCA and tSNE techniques. Drug targets of asiaticoside were predicted through multiple databases, and overlapping genes with keloid-related cell types (macrophages and keloid fibroblasts (KFs)) were analyzed. GO and KEGG enrichment evaluations were performed, followed by in vitro assays to confirm the influence of asiaticoside on macrophage and keloid fibroblast. scRNA-seq revealed significant cellular heterogeneity between keloid and adjacent tissue, with macrophages and KFs identified as major contributors to its pathogenesis. Network pharmacology identified NF-κB, PI3K-Akt signaling, etc., through which asiaticoside exerts its anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. In vitro studies confirmed that asiaticoside inhibited macrophage activation and reduced the pro-fibrotic effects of macrophage on KF. Our study demonstrates asiaticoside alleviates keloid by modulating macrophage function and KF activity through NF-κB and PI3K-Akt signaling. These findings provide a novel mechanistic understanding of asiaticoside’s therapeutic effects and offer insights into its clinical application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"127 ","pages":"Pages 733-744"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SEDNet: Synergistic Learning Network with Embedded Encoder and Dense Atrous Convolution for Vehicle Re-identification","authors":"Mingfu Xiong ,&nbsp;Tanghao Gui ,&nbsp;Zhihong Sun ,&nbsp;Saeed Anwar ,&nbsp;Aziz Alotaibi ,&nbsp;Khan Muhammad","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.04.101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.04.101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the issue of information redundancy (such as color and vehicle model) caused by excessive emphasis on local features in vehicle re-identification, this paper proposes a Synergistic Learning Network with Embedded Encoder and Dense Atrous Convolution (SEDNet). The proposed SEDNet framework consists of three unique branches: a global embedded multi-head encoder (GEME), local dual-dense atrous convolution (LDAC), and auxiliary attribute embedding (AAM). The GEME branch integrates the global appearance features of the vehicle to enhance consistency in descriptions from different perspectives. To suppress redundant information such as color and vehicle model information, and refine local features, the LDAC branch employs an attention mechanism to capture multiscale features using convolutional kernels with varying dilation rates. In addition, the AAM branch uses vehicle metadata, such as direction and camera perspectives, to enhance feature robustness. Our proposed SEDNet method has been rigorously tested on the mainstream benchmark vehicle re-identification datasets, including VeRi-776, VehicleID, and VeRi-Wild. The results show that our method enhances the mAP by 2.2%, 2.2%, and 0.2%, respectively, when compared to the latest methods, all evaluated on a regular scale. Additional experiments conducted on the Market-1501 and DukeMTMC-reID datasets further verify our method’s generalization capability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"128 ","pages":"Pages 297-305"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144170300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fine-tuned Vision Transformers and YOLOv11 for precise detection of pediatric Adenoid Hypertrophy","authors":"Shaymaa E. Sorour ,&nbsp;Mohammed Aljaafari ,&nbsp;Abdullah A. Alarfaj ,&nbsp;Wejdan H.A. AlMusallam ,&nbsp;Khalid S. Aljoqiman","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.05.038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.05.038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces an advanced AI-driven framework for the automated detection of pediatric Adenoid Hypertrophy (AH) in lateral nasopharyngeal radiographs, utilizing a hybrid architecture ViT-CNN model that integrates Vision Transformers (ViT) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). Additionally, YOLOv11 was employed for precise segmentation of adenoid structures. The framework incorporates fine-tuning techniques and evaluates performance under conditions with and without data augmentation to ensure a comprehensive analysis of their capabilities. The study utilized a dataset of 900 lateral nasopharyngeal radiographs from pediatric patients, representing diverse demographic and clinical characteristics. The models achieved exceptional diagnostic accuracy, with 100% precision and high Receiver Operating Characteristic Area Under the Curve (ROC-AUC) values, indicating a robust ability to distinguish between diagnostic categories. This level of accuracy suggests significant potential for reducing diagnostic errors, improving diagnostic turnaround times, and enhancing efficiency in clinical workflows, particularly in pediatric care. Unlike existing methods, which rely heavily on manual landmark identification and exhibit poor generalization across varied datasets, this framework ensures precise segmentation and robust classification, overcoming these limitations. The framework is clinically relevant as it streamlines radiological workflows, minimizes the workload for radiologists, and provides reliable automated detection of AH in children. While achieving impressive results, potential challenges such as dataset imbalances and computational demands were identified. Future efforts will focus on synthetic data generation and real-time optimization to enhance the framework’s clinical applicability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"128 ","pages":"Pages 366-393"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress and prospects of biochar as concrete filler: A review","authors":"Yuan Zhou ,&nbsp;Sheliang Wang ,&nbsp;Ling Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.05.077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.05.077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review examines the current progress and emerging trends in utilizing biochar as a concrete filler, highlighting its multifaceted benefits and challenges in sustainable construction. Recent research demonstrates that biochar incorporation significantly influences both fresh and hardened concrete properties through complex physical and chemical mechanisms. In fresh concrete, biochar affects workability, setting time, and rheological behavior through its high surface area and unique pore structure. The material's water retention capabilities contribute to enhanced hydration processes, while its presence modifies air void distribution and fresh density characteristics. In hardened concrete, optimal biochar dosages (2–5 % by mass of cement) demonstrate improved mechanical performance, with studies reporting up to 76 % increase in compressive strength. The modified pore structure and enhanced hydration products contribute to improved durability against chemical attack and freeze-thaw cycles. Microstructural analysis reveals distinctive interfacial transition zones and refined pore networks, directly influencing engineering properties. Environmental benefits include significant carbon sequestration potential, with studies showing up to 9.40 kg CO₂ sequestration per cubic meter of concrete. Life cycle assessments indicate substantial reductions in environmental impacts across multiple categories. However, challenges remain in standardization, quality control, and production scalability. Future research directions should focus on optimizing biochar properties, understanding long-term performance, and developing predictive models for broader commercial implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"128 ","pages":"Pages 306-323"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144170265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}