Science & medicine in football最新文献

{"title":"Growth-related sports injuries among young male professional football players in the Netherlands: a prospective cohort study concerning injury incidence, severity and burden.","authors":"Else E A E Juch, Vincent C van de Koppel, Donna Blokland, Renko A Wouters, Frank J G Backx, Edwin A Goedhart, Nick van der Horst","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2023.2261399","DOIUrl":"10.1080/24733938.2023.2261399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the incidence, type and location of growth-related sports injuries (GRSI) in youth professional football in the Netherlands. Secondary, to gain more knowledge on the injury severity and burden of GRSI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective, longitudinal cohort study, 813 players aged 10-18 are included. Data collection is performed by instructing the medical staff of six professional football club academies to register GRSI by means of standardized forms. Training and match exposure are registered individually on a weekly basis. Injury incidence was calculated as number of GRSI per 1000 hours, injury severity as the median number of days lost in categories and injury burden as the number of days lost per 1000 hours.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 62 GRSI were documented in the football season 2021-2022. The total incidence of GRSI was 0.62/1000 hours football exposure. Morbus Osgood Schlatter and Morbus Sever were most common types of GRSI, both with incidence rates of 0.22/1000 hours exposure. About 58.3% of the documented GRSI were classified as major (>28 days lost). Within this group, the mean severity was 55 days time-loss to football.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GRSI are relatively common in youth professional football. The most common types are Morbus Sever and Morbus Osgood Schlatter. Morbus Osgood Schlatter has the highest injury severity and burden compared to other types of GRSI.</p>","PeriodicalId":74767,"journal":{"name":"Science & medicine in football","volume":" ","pages":"26-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41159948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'After they see what you have, they contact you': a qualitative study of national team football players', coaches' and clinicians' experiences in engaging with a context-specific injury surveillance system.","authors":"Sandro Vella, Caroline Bolling, Evert Verhagen, Isabel Sarah Moore","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2023.2290077","DOIUrl":"10.1080/24733938.2023.2290077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sports injury surveillance systems aid injury prevention, but their development without considering end-users' perspectives has led to low adherence and honesty in self-reporting by players, compromising their effectiveness. Context-specific injury surveillance systems have been proposed to address these challenges, but there is a limited understanding of stakeholders' perceptions and experiences in using them.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Following the implementation of a context-specific injury surveillance system with 100% player adherence over 60 weeks, the study aimed to investigate Under-21 Maltese national football team players', coaches' and clinicians' experiences of how and why they engaged with the system.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Seventeen semi-structured interviews with Under-21 Maltese male national football team players (<i>n</i> = 12), their coaches (<i>n</i> = 3) and clinicians (<i>n</i> = 2) were conducted. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants highlighted questionnaire-related factors that motivated engagement with the context-specific injury surveillance system (theme 1) and factors influencing further engagement with the system based on stakeholders' actions (theme 2). Perceived outcomes experienced as a result of engaging with the injury surveillance system (theme 3), in turn, motivated players to continue reporting and engaging with the system.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To encourage players' sustained reporting, injury-related information collected from well-designed questionnaires should serve to stimulate communication and teamwork among stakeholders, to prevent injuries and enhance performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":74767,"journal":{"name":"Science & medicine in football","volume":" ","pages":"38-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138489315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Walking football for Health - physiological response to playing and characteristics of the players.","authors":"Helena Andersson, Andreas Caspers, Manne Godhe, Torbjörn Helge, Julia Eriksen, Dan Fransson, Mats Börjesson, Elin Ekblom-Bak","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2023.2249426","DOIUrl":"10.1080/24733938.2023.2249426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Walking Football (WF) is one type of recreational football increasing in popularity, targeting older adults. Further knowledge on the intensity and physical workload of WF, characteristics of the players, the social context, and reasons for playing WF is needed. Thus, the aim of the study was to characterize the individuals that regularly play WF and their experience of WF, and the physiological characteristics of the sport. Sixty-three players from three clubs taking part in organised WF in Sweden were included. The players participated in up to four WF-games and underwent performance tests and answered a questionnaire. The participants mean age was 70.9 years, ranging from 63 to 85 years with 71% (<i>n</i> = 27) of the men and 68% (<i>n</i> = 13) of the women having a BMI > 25. Fifty-one percent (<i>n</i> = 27) of the players had hypertension, and 73% (<i>n</i> = 39) regularly used prescription drugs due to illness. During WF, the players covered on average 2,409 m (2,509 m for men and 2,205 m for women, <i>p</i> = .001). Expressed in percentage of their age-estimated maximal heart rate, mean heart rate represented 80 ± 9 and 80 ± 8% of max for men, and 78 ± 9 and 79 ± 9% of max for women in the first and second halves, respectively, hence WF can be considered a moderate intensity activity for older adults. The main reason for WF participation was to socialize. WF includes a considerable number of accelerations and decelerations, making it more energetically and mechanically demanding than walking.</p>","PeriodicalId":74767,"journal":{"name":"Science & medicine in football","volume":" ","pages":"68-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10128906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discriminative validity of summarized hip and knee angular accelerations for lower extremity training load quantification in male soccer players during a standardised training drill.","authors":"Bram J C Bastiaansen, Riemer J K Vegter, Erik Wilmes, Edwin Goedhart, Koen A P M Lemmink, Michel S Brink","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2023.2290083","DOIUrl":"10.1080/24733938.2023.2290083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study assessed the discriminative validity of summarized hip and knee angular accelerations during a standardized training drill. Twenty-eight soccer players performed a standardized training drill that mimics game demands. Discriminative validity was examined by assessment of between-group differences of summarized preferred kicking leg hip and knee angular accelerations, and Playerload between national and regional soccer players for the full training drill, and parts based on locomotor intensity, or additional pass and jumping header activities. Furthermore, relationships were assessed between the summarized hip and knee angular accelerations and conventional load indicators derived from a local positioning measurement system, such as high-intensity running distance and Playerload. National players had higher summarized hip (Mean difference: 62.7 A.U. ES = 0.77, <i>p</i> = 0.049) and knee (Mean difference: 137.1 A.U. ES = 1.06, <i>p</i> = 0.008) angular accelerations. Significant interaction effects were observed during high-intensity running (Hip: 0.2 A.U./m, ES = 0.98, <i>p</i> = 0.005; Knee: 0.61 A.U./m, ES = 1.52, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and sprinting (Hip: 0.3 A.U./m, ES = 1.01, <i>p</i> < 0.02; Knee: 0.56 A.U./m, ES = 1.57, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Between-group differences were not present for additional passing or jumping header activities. Compared to summarized hip and knee angular accelerations, Playerload had less ability to discriminate between players and activities. Moreover, the lower extremity training load indicators were unrelated to conventional load indicators. Together these results confirm discriminative validity of summarized hip and knee angular acceleration training load indicators during a standardised training drill.</p>","PeriodicalId":74767,"journal":{"name":"Science & medicine in football","volume":" ","pages":"59-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11771469/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138500406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychology research in women's soccer: a scoping review.","authors":"N Viktor Gredin, Katrine Okholm Kryger, Alan McCall, Bård E Solstad, Monica K Torstveit, Andrew Massey, Andreas Ivarsson","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2023.2285962","DOIUrl":"10.1080/24733938.2023.2285962","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous research suggests that psychological factors play an important role in trying to explain and predict the participation, performance, and health of player and practitioners in soccer. However, most previous works have focused on specific research questions and included samples from male populations. As part of a larger Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) project aiming to steer women's soccer research, our purpose with this scoping review was to give an overview of the current state of psychology-related research within women's soccer. We searched five electronic databases up to April 2023, from which 280 original peer-reviewed articles met the inclusion criteria. Included records were inductively coded into 75 specific research topics and nine broader research categories. Population characteristics within each topic and category, and overall publication trends, were identified. The results revealed a growth in research attention, with notable increases in publication rates around the international competitions years, over the last two decades. While a notable number of abstracts did not report sufficient details about population age and/or playing levels, senior elite players were identified as the most common population studied. Most studies examined several topics from different research categories, with research focusing on emotions, moods and/or environmental factors, and the specific the topics of anxiety, stress, and coach behavior, receiving most research attention. Our study provides an informative mapping of all psychology-related research activity within women's soccer, which will enhance researchers' understanding of the current quantity of literature within this complex, heterogeneous, and growing area of research.</p>","PeriodicalId":74767,"journal":{"name":"Science & medicine in football","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138447440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An investigation into the effect of audiences on the soccer penalty kick.","authors":"Ran Zheng, John van der Kamp, Kjeld Kemperman, Iris de Jong, Simone Caso","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2023.2285963","DOIUrl":"10.1080/24733938.2023.2285963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The effects of audiences in boosting the performance of the home team (i.e., home advantage) in sports like soccer have been studied extensively. However, much less attention has been paid to how audiences influence the performance of individual team members.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effect of audiences on the performance of home and away teams during penalty kicks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The current study compared in-game penalty kicks taken by home and away teams in eight major European leagues with audiences in the 2018-2019 season to kicks taken without audiences in the 2020-2021 season during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusion: </strong>The results indicated no unequivocal evidence for home or away team advantage with respect to penalty outcome (i.e., goal, no goal). Yet, results did show that the number of missed penalties of home teams (i.e., penalties kicked at or outside the frame of the goal) significantly reduced when no audience was present. This supports the hypothesis that home audiences increase anxiety of penalty takers and thus the likelihood of choking. However, the reduced number of missed penalties did not significantly increase penalty outcome of home teams when playing without audiences, suggesting additional, unidentified effects of audiences, possibly also including opponent goalkeepers. Finally, when no audience was present, away teams demonstrated significantly poorer penalty outcome. Future research investigating the effects of audiences on the penalty kick should consider more detailed performance measures of both penalty takers and goalkeepers.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":74767,"journal":{"name":"Science & medicine in football","volume":" ","pages":"90-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138296764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competitive level differences in the activity profile of elite Gaelic football referees.","authors":"Aidan J Brady, Niall M Moyna, Michael Scriney, Andrew McCarren","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2023.2252404","DOIUrl":"10.1080/24733938.2023.2252404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to compare the activity profile of elite Gaelic football referees (GFR) between the National Football League (NFL) and the All-Ireland Championship (AIC), and across the four divisions of the NFL and three phases of the AIC. Match activity data was collected during 125 NFL and 201 AIC games using 10-Hz global positioning system technology from 41 elite GFR. Game duration, total distance, very low-speed movement (<0.70 m·s^-1), walking (≥0.70-1.65 m·s^-1), low-speed running (≥1.66-3.27 m·s^-1), moderate-speed running (≥3.28-4.86 m·s^-1), high-speed running (≥4.87-6.48 m·s^-1), very high-speed running (≥6.49 m·s^-1) distance, and peak running speed were compared between competitions. Games in the AIC were longer than in the NFL (ES = 0.59) but the total distance was similar between the NFL (119.6 ± 9.5 m·min^-1) and AIC (122.6 ± 8.4 m·min^-1, ES = 0.11). No other differences were found between the NFL and AIC or across the four divisions of the NFL and three phases of the AIC, except for a higher peak running speed during the All-Ireland Series (6.93 ± 0.52 m·s^-1) than the All-Ireland Qualifiers (6.65 ± 0.46 m·s^-1, ES = 0.35). This information can be used to design specific conditioning programmes to ensure optimal physical development of GFR at all competitive levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":74767,"journal":{"name":"Science & medicine in football","volume":" ","pages":"83-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10123437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing maximal sprinting speed in soccer - criterion validity of commonly used devices.","authors":"Stefan Altmann, Ludwig Ruf, Marco Backfisch, Maximiliane Thron, Alexander Woll, Linus Walter, Damon Kaul, Luca Bergdolt, Sascha Härtel","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2024.2441321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2024.2441321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the criterion validity of commonly used devices to assess maximal sprinting speed (MSS) in soccer. Thirty elite youth soccer players completed three trials of a 30-m sprint test to assess MSS. All sprints were simultaneously captured via a radar gun (Stalker ATS II), timing gates (Smartspeed Pro, Fusion Sport), a magnetic timing system (Humotion SmarTracks) and a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) (Kinexon Perform GPS Pro). The radar gun and the GNSS recorded sprinting speed continuously, while the fastest 5-m split during the 30-m sprint was used for the timing gates and the magnetic system. The best trial of the radar gun (i.e. criterion measure) and corresponding values of the other devices were analyzed. Equivalence testing was performed to assess the statistical equivalence of MSS between the radar gun and the three other devices against a difference value of ± 0.36 km/h and Bland & Altman's 95% limits of agreement (LoA) were computed to investigate the agreement between MSS results. Differences between GNSS versus radar gun suggested a lack of systematic bias (-0.01 km/h, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.15 to 0.15 km/h), whereas timing gates-based MSS assessments were prone to larger uncertainty compared to the criterion method (-0.19 km/h, 95% CI: -0.37 to 0.00 km/h) given the pre-defined region of equivalence. The magnetic system (-0.54 km/h; -0.71 to -0.37 km/h) overestimated MSS compared to the radar gun with mean differences being non-equivalent. Based on the practically important difference bounds of ± 0.36 km/h, the width of the 95% LoA was broad enough to suggest a lack of reasonable agreement for MSS assessment regardless of device of interest (GNSS: -0.79 to 0.78 km/h, timing gates: -0.79 to 1.16 km/h, magnetic system: -0.24 to 1.32 km/h). While our results suggested a lack of systematic bias for the investigated GNSS and the timing gates when compared against the radar gun for MSS assessment over 30 m in elite youth soccer players on a team level, the width of the 95% LoAs did not indicate reasonable measurement interchangeability on an individual level. Based on the present results, we do not recommend using the magnetic system for both group and individual analyses in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":74767,"journal":{"name":"Science & medicine in football","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency and intensity of change of directions in German Bundesliga soccer.","authors":"Jan-Philip Deutsch, Lars Donath, Bjoern Braunstein, Robert Rein","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2024.2439859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2024.2439859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to investigate the change of direction (COD) frequencies and intensities of high-performance soccer players of the German Bundesliga independent of tactical and match context. COD data were collected from 18 German Bundesliga soccer teams (season 2016-2017; 308 fixtures) by an optical tracking system (OTS) (TRACAB). CODs were tracked using a modified algorithm and were sub-categorized by entry velocity (<3.0 m⋅s^-1, 3.0-5.5 m⋅s^-1, 5.5-7.0 m⋅s^-1 and >7.0 m⋅s^-1) and COD angle (20-59°, 60-119° and 120-180°). COD metric frequencies were compared between playing positions (goalkeepers, centre backs, full-backs, central midfielders, wide midfielders, and strikers). In general, regardless of entry velocity or COD angle, central midfielders consistently executed the highest number of COD actions during matches compared to the other playing positions. About ≈ 55% and ≈ 38% of CODs were <3.0 m⋅s^-1 and <5.5 m⋅s^-1, whereas ≈ 7% were >5.5 m⋅s^-1. The distribution of COD angle types was ≈ 5% for 20-59°, ≈25% 60-119° and ≈ 70% for 120-180° COD angles. Our data provide insights into the COD demands of high-performance soccer in the German Bundesliga in terms of entry velocity and COD angles and their combination based on a large dataset of OTS data, which provides insights to facilitate the development of physical conditioning strategies, position-specific external load management, and multidirectional speed training with adequate test battery selection and return-to-play protocols for soccer players.</p>","PeriodicalId":74767,"journal":{"name":"Science & medicine in football","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142831029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additional time error in association football is associated with interruption type and goal difference.","authors":"Yuesen Li, Hendrik Weber, Daniel Link","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2024.2435843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2024.2435843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores whether referees are biased when awarding additional time in Association Football. We collected data on Awarded Additional Time (AAT) granted by the referees and Calculated Additional Time (CAT), representing the interruption time meant to be considered for additional time according to the rulebook. Analysis of Additional Time Error (ATE), given as the difference between CAT and AAT, in the second half of German football Bundesliga season 2022/2023, revealed that referees award less AAT than warranted by interruptions (ATE = 2:10 ± 2:24 min). Multiple Linear Regression between either AAT or ATE and the duration of interruption types suggests that referees do not consider Goal Celebrations (for AAT: β = 0.09, <i>p</i> = 0.09, for ATE: β = 0.52, <i>p</i> < 0.01) as important as Substitutions (for AAT: β = 0.25, <i>p</i> < 0.01, for ATE: β = 0.03, <i>p</i> = 0.68), Injuries (for AAT: β = 0.35, <i>p</i> < 0.01, for ATE: β = 0.28, <i>p</i> < 0.01) and VAR (for AAT: β = 0.38, <i>p</i> < 0.01, for ATE: β = 0.10, <i>p</i> = 0.10). Mann-Whitney U-tests indicate a referee's bias towards allocating insufficient AAT in matches with a goal difference greater than one compared (ATE = 3:16 ± 2:26 min) to the other matches (ATE = 1:18 ± 2:00 min) (<i>p</i> < 0.01, ES = 0.17). The Kruskal-Wallis H tests also show slight home bias from the referees, indicating that ATE is higher when the home team is leading more than one goal (ATE = 3:36 ± 2:36 min) (<i>p</i> < 0.01, ES = 0.15). In conclusion, although German Bundesliga referees adhere to the Laws of the Game, they show inconsistencies in handling different interruption types and matches with decisive outcomes. The findings suggest potential enhancement in referee training and decision-making processes and should be considered when advancing the game.</p>","PeriodicalId":74767,"journal":{"name":"Science & medicine in football","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142775273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}