Science & medicine in football最新文献

{"title":"Psychology research in women's soccer: a scoping review.","authors":"N Viktor Gredin, Katrine Okholm Kryger, Alan McCall, Bård E Solstad, Monica K Torstveit, Andrew Massey, Andreas Ivarsson","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2023.2285962","DOIUrl":"10.1080/24733938.2023.2285962","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous research suggests that psychological factors play an important role in trying to explain and predict the participation, performance, and health of player and practitioners in soccer. However, most previous works have focused on specific research questions and included samples from male populations. As part of a larger Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) project aiming to steer women's soccer research, our purpose with this scoping review was to give an overview of the current state of psychology-related research within women's soccer. We searched five electronic databases up to April 2023, from which 280 original peer-reviewed articles met the inclusion criteria. Included records were inductively coded into 75 specific research topics and nine broader research categories. Population characteristics within each topic and category, and overall publication trends, were identified. The results revealed a growth in research attention, with notable increases in publication rates around the international competitions years, over the last two decades. While a notable number of abstracts did not report sufficient details about population age and/or playing levels, senior elite players were identified as the most common population studied. Most studies examined several topics from different research categories, with research focusing on emotions, moods and/or environmental factors, and the specific the topics of anxiety, stress, and coach behavior, receiving most research attention. Our study provides an informative mapping of all psychology-related research activity within women's soccer, which will enhance researchers' understanding of the current quantity of literature within this complex, heterogeneous, and growing area of research.</p>","PeriodicalId":74767,"journal":{"name":"Science & medicine in football","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138447440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An investigation into the effect of audiences on the soccer penalty kick.","authors":"Ran Zheng, John van der Kamp, Kjeld Kemperman, Iris de Jong, Simone Caso","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2023.2285963","DOIUrl":"10.1080/24733938.2023.2285963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The effects of audiences in boosting the performance of the home team (i.e., home advantage) in sports like soccer have been studied extensively. However, much less attention has been paid to how audiences influence the performance of individual team members.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effect of audiences on the performance of home and away teams during penalty kicks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The current study compared in-game penalty kicks taken by home and away teams in eight major European leagues with audiences in the 2018-2019 season to kicks taken without audiences in the 2020-2021 season during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusion: </strong>The results indicated no unequivocal evidence for home or away team advantage with respect to penalty outcome (i.e., goal, no goal). Yet, results did show that the number of missed penalties of home teams (i.e., penalties kicked at or outside the frame of the goal) significantly reduced when no audience was present. This supports the hypothesis that home audiences increase anxiety of penalty takers and thus the likelihood of choking. However, the reduced number of missed penalties did not significantly increase penalty outcome of home teams when playing without audiences, suggesting additional, unidentified effects of audiences, possibly also including opponent goalkeepers. Finally, when no audience was present, away teams demonstrated significantly poorer penalty outcome. Future research investigating the effects of audiences on the penalty kick should consider more detailed performance measures of both penalty takers and goalkeepers.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":74767,"journal":{"name":"Science & medicine in football","volume":" ","pages":"90-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138296764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competitive level differences in the activity profile of elite Gaelic football referees.","authors":"Aidan J Brady, Niall M Moyna, Michael Scriney, Andrew McCarren","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2023.2252404","DOIUrl":"10.1080/24733938.2023.2252404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to compare the activity profile of elite Gaelic football referees (GFR) between the National Football League (NFL) and the All-Ireland Championship (AIC), and across the four divisions of the NFL and three phases of the AIC. Match activity data was collected during 125 NFL and 201 AIC games using 10-Hz global positioning system technology from 41 elite GFR. Game duration, total distance, very low-speed movement (<0.70 m·s^-1), walking (≥0.70-1.65 m·s^-1), low-speed running (≥1.66-3.27 m·s^-1), moderate-speed running (≥3.28-4.86 m·s^-1), high-speed running (≥4.87-6.48 m·s^-1), very high-speed running (≥6.49 m·s^-1) distance, and peak running speed were compared between competitions. Games in the AIC were longer than in the NFL (ES = 0.59) but the total distance was similar between the NFL (119.6 ± 9.5 m·min^-1) and AIC (122.6 ± 8.4 m·min^-1, ES = 0.11). No other differences were found between the NFL and AIC or across the four divisions of the NFL and three phases of the AIC, except for a higher peak running speed during the All-Ireland Series (6.93 ± 0.52 m·s^-1) than the All-Ireland Qualifiers (6.65 ± 0.46 m·s^-1, ES = 0.35). This information can be used to design specific conditioning programmes to ensure optimal physical development of GFR at all competitive levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":74767,"journal":{"name":"Science & medicine in football","volume":" ","pages":"83-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10123437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing maximal sprinting speed in soccer - criterion validity of commonly used devices.","authors":"Stefan Altmann, Ludwig Ruf, Marco Backfisch, Maximiliane Thron, Alexander Woll, Linus Walter, Damon Kaul, Luca Bergdolt, Sascha Härtel","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2024.2441321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2024.2441321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the criterion validity of commonly used devices to assess maximal sprinting speed (MSS) in soccer. Thirty elite youth soccer players completed three trials of a 30-m sprint test to assess MSS. All sprints were simultaneously captured via a radar gun (Stalker ATS II), timing gates (Smartspeed Pro, Fusion Sport), a magnetic timing system (Humotion SmarTracks) and a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) (Kinexon Perform GPS Pro). The radar gun and the GNSS recorded sprinting speed continuously, while the fastest 5-m split during the 30-m sprint was used for the timing gates and the magnetic system. The best trial of the radar gun (i.e. criterion measure) and corresponding values of the other devices were analyzed. Equivalence testing was performed to assess the statistical equivalence of MSS between the radar gun and the three other devices against a difference value of ± 0.36 km/h and Bland & Altman's 95% limits of agreement (LoA) were computed to investigate the agreement between MSS results. Differences between GNSS versus radar gun suggested a lack of systematic bias (-0.01 km/h, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.15 to 0.15 km/h), whereas timing gates-based MSS assessments were prone to larger uncertainty compared to the criterion method (-0.19 km/h, 95% CI: -0.37 to 0.00 km/h) given the pre-defined region of equivalence. The magnetic system (-0.54 km/h; -0.71 to -0.37 km/h) overestimated MSS compared to the radar gun with mean differences being non-equivalent. Based on the practically important difference bounds of ± 0.36 km/h, the width of the 95% LoA was broad enough to suggest a lack of reasonable agreement for MSS assessment regardless of device of interest (GNSS: -0.79 to 0.78 km/h, timing gates: -0.79 to 1.16 km/h, magnetic system: -0.24 to 1.32 km/h). While our results suggested a lack of systematic bias for the investigated GNSS and the timing gates when compared against the radar gun for MSS assessment over 30 m in elite youth soccer players on a team level, the width of the 95% LoAs did not indicate reasonable measurement interchangeability on an individual level. Based on the present results, we do not recommend using the magnetic system for both group and individual analyses in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":74767,"journal":{"name":"Science & medicine in football","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency and intensity of change of directions in German Bundesliga soccer.","authors":"Jan-Philip Deutsch, Lars Donath, Bjoern Braunstein, Robert Rein","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2024.2439859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2024.2439859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to investigate the change of direction (COD) frequencies and intensities of high-performance soccer players of the German Bundesliga independent of tactical and match context. COD data were collected from 18 German Bundesliga soccer teams (season 2016-2017; 308 fixtures) by an optical tracking system (OTS) (TRACAB). CODs were tracked using a modified algorithm and were sub-categorized by entry velocity (<3.0 m⋅s^-1, 3.0-5.5 m⋅s^-1, 5.5-7.0 m⋅s^-1 and >7.0 m⋅s^-1) and COD angle (20-59°, 60-119° and 120-180°). COD metric frequencies were compared between playing positions (goalkeepers, centre backs, full-backs, central midfielders, wide midfielders, and strikers). In general, regardless of entry velocity or COD angle, central midfielders consistently executed the highest number of COD actions during matches compared to the other playing positions. About ≈ 55% and ≈ 38% of CODs were <3.0 m⋅s^-1 and <5.5 m⋅s^-1, whereas ≈ 7% were >5.5 m⋅s^-1. The distribution of COD angle types was ≈ 5% for 20-59°, ≈25% 60-119° and ≈ 70% for 120-180° COD angles. Our data provide insights into the COD demands of high-performance soccer in the German Bundesliga in terms of entry velocity and COD angles and their combination based on a large dataset of OTS data, which provides insights to facilitate the development of physical conditioning strategies, position-specific external load management, and multidirectional speed training with adequate test battery selection and return-to-play protocols for soccer players.</p>","PeriodicalId":74767,"journal":{"name":"Science & medicine in football","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142831029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additional time error in association football is associated with interruption type and goal difference.","authors":"Yuesen Li, Hendrik Weber, Daniel Link","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2024.2435843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2024.2435843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores whether referees are biased when awarding additional time in Association Football. We collected data on Awarded Additional Time (AAT) granted by the referees and Calculated Additional Time (CAT), representing the interruption time meant to be considered for additional time according to the rulebook. Analysis of Additional Time Error (ATE), given as the difference between CAT and AAT, in the second half of German football Bundesliga season 2022/2023, revealed that referees award less AAT than warranted by interruptions (ATE = 2:10 ± 2:24 min). Multiple Linear Regression between either AAT or ATE and the duration of interruption types suggests that referees do not consider Goal Celebrations (for AAT: β = 0.09, <i>p</i> = 0.09, for ATE: β = 0.52, <i>p</i> < 0.01) as important as Substitutions (for AAT: β = 0.25, <i>p</i> < 0.01, for ATE: β = 0.03, <i>p</i> = 0.68), Injuries (for AAT: β = 0.35, <i>p</i> < 0.01, for ATE: β = 0.28, <i>p</i> < 0.01) and VAR (for AAT: β = 0.38, <i>p</i> < 0.01, for ATE: β = 0.10, <i>p</i> = 0.10). Mann-Whitney U-tests indicate a referee's bias towards allocating insufficient AAT in matches with a goal difference greater than one compared (ATE = 3:16 ± 2:26 min) to the other matches (ATE = 1:18 ± 2:00 min) (<i>p</i> < 0.01, ES = 0.17). The Kruskal-Wallis H tests also show slight home bias from the referees, indicating that ATE is higher when the home team is leading more than one goal (ATE = 3:36 ± 2:36 min) (<i>p</i> < 0.01, ES = 0.15). In conclusion, although German Bundesliga referees adhere to the Laws of the Game, they show inconsistencies in handling different interruption types and matches with decisive outcomes. The findings suggest potential enhancement in referee training and decision-making processes and should be considered when advancing the game.</p>","PeriodicalId":74767,"journal":{"name":"Science & medicine in football","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142775273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a goalkeeper-specific motor coordination assessment in youth football.","authors":"Fynn Bergmann, Florian Schultz, Job Fransen, Oliver Höner","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2024.2429486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2024.2429486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Talent identification and development (TID) in football can be enhanced through objective assessments of talent predictors. Yet, available instruments rarely consider the unique demands of goalkeepers (GKs). During early phases of talent development, considering a GK's giftedness relating to, for example, different abilities (e.g. motor coordination), can complement views on highly specialized GK-specific attributes (e.g. technical skills). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate a GK-specific motor coordination assessment to support TID in football at early developmental phases. Six tests were designed to assess ball control relevant to GKs. Their content and face validity were confirmed by independent experts (<i>N</i> = 8). The assessment was evaluated with GKs selected for the German Football Association's TID program (U12-U15; <i>N</i> = 120). This study examined the assessment's test-retest reliability and agreement, the structural validity, and the concurrent validity. The overall test score demonstrated good test-retest reliability, although some individual tests showed lower coefficients. Additionally, limited agreement between repeated measurements due to considerable measurement error as well as issues with the structural validity of the test battery were identified. Nevertheless, the findings support the assessment's concurrent validity as higher-rated (i.e. more talented) GKs outperformed lower-rated individuals. Yet, the test battery's diagnostic accuracy is not high enough to justify individual decisions for talent selection. Overall, these findings support the consideration of motor coordination as a talent predictor in youth GKs and emphasize the assessment's potential to enhance coaches' evaluations. The identified psychometric weaknesses in some individual tests provide impetus to further optimize the test battery.</p>","PeriodicalId":74767,"journal":{"name":"Science & medicine in football","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142752558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Menstrual cycle performance barriers experienced by elite women football players and their management strategies applied: A semi-structured interview-based study.","authors":"Phoebe Read, Craig Rosenbloom, Ritan Mehta, Hannah Owen, Elena Jobson, Katrine Okholm Kryger","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2024.2425291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2024.2425291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to investigate the barriers experienced by elite women football players due to their menstrual cycle, and coping strategies utilised against these barriers. Fifteen elite women footballers from two English Women's Super League clubs (age: 25.2 years [18-33]) were interviewed using semi-structured interviews, developed using piloting and peer review. Data was audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically using NVivo. Analysis of 27,438 words unveiled key themes: internal barriers, external barriers, coping strategies, and player needs. Fear of leakage, associated with kit colour (<i>n</i> = 15) and lack of effective sanitary products (<i>n</i> = 12), and injury anxiety (<i>n</i> = 7), associated with ACL injury (<i>n</i> = 5), were the most common barriers. To combat these issues, players use internal (feeling fortunate <i>n</i> = 9) and external (support from teammates <i>n</i> = 6; support from club staff <i>n</i> = 4) coping strategies. The findings indicated that menstruation presents significant barriers to players. Increased awareness of menstruation-related barriers to performance and targeted intervention are achievable through staff and player involvement and by minimising concerns of visible leakage by kit interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":74767,"journal":{"name":"Science & medicine in football","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leadership in Finnish elite football: associations between players' self-assessed leadership roles and player-assessed head coach leadership behavior by player gender and age.","authors":"Sakari Holopainen, Mihály Szeróvay, Niilo Konttinen, Marja Kokkonen","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2023.2237483","DOIUrl":"10.1080/24733938.2023.2237483","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated the associations between Finnish top tier footballers' self-assessed leadership roles (task, motivational, social, external) and player-assessed head coach leadership behavior (supportiveness/emotional composure, negative activation) and leadership role in both practices and games. We also explored the player age- and gender-related differences. Online survey data were anonymously collected from 53 male and 91 female footballers. One player did not identify as male or female, and one chose not to answer the question. Spearman rank-order correlations revealed that players' self-assessed leadership roles correlated positively with their evaluation of their head coach's supportiveness/emotional composure and negatively with negative activation during practices and games. Independent samples T-tests showed that male footballers rated their head coaches lower on negative activation during games and practices and themselves higher on external leadership than female players. The youngest age group, aged 17-20, rated themselves also lower on external leadership than the three older groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":74767,"journal":{"name":"Science & medicine in football","volume":" ","pages":"301-307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9865437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing match official performance: a forward-thinking approach for football evolution.","authors":"Carlo Castagna, Peter Krustrup, Magni Mohr, Susana Póvoas","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2023.2293843","DOIUrl":"10.1080/24733938.2023.2293843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The future of football demands more from players and referees due to heightened match intensity and frequency. To optimize performance and health, collaboration among sport scientists, coaches, and medical staff is crucial. However, match officials often lack the same support as elite players, hindering their development. Granting professional status to referees, implementing evidence-based training, and adopting gender-inclusive methods are vital. Coping with future challenges requires better career support and economic conditions for officials, along with research to enhance their performance and health.</p>","PeriodicalId":74767,"journal":{"name":"Science & medicine in football","volume":" ","pages":"401-404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138833438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}