{"title":"Epidemiology of injuries and illnesses in national team male beach soccer players: a prospective seven-year cohort study.","authors":"Yavuz Lima, Benjamin Clarsen, Bülent Bayraktar","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2025.2567671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2025.2567671","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To evaluate the incidence and characteristics of injuries and illnesses among elite-level national male beach soccer players over a seven-year-period. Injuries and illnesses were documented in accordance with the 'Football-Specific Extension of the IOC Consensus Statement: Methods for Recording and Reporting Epidemiological Data on Injury and Illness in Sport'. A sports medicine physician recorded all cases during training camps and tournaments of the Turkish national male beach soccer team from 1 January 2018, to 1 January 2025. Across 36 camps (382 days, 90 matches, 338 training sessions), 282 injuries (72 time-loss) and 180 illnesses (9 time-loss) were recorded among 45 players. Time-loss injury incidence rates were 51.7/1000 hours (h) in matches and 6.8/1000 h in training. The thigh was the most frequently injured body area leading to time-loss during matches (18.45/1000 h), while the foot was most affected in training (1.76/1000 h). Muscle/tendon injuries were the leading cause of time-loss in both settings (18.45 and 3.52 injuries/1000 h, respectively). Concussion incidence in matches was 7.38/1000 h. Fractures and meniscus injuries resulted in the highest injury burden (132.72 and 129.03 days/1000 h, respectively). The time-loss illness incidence was 1.6 illnesses/1000 player-days. This study highlights the relatively unique injury patterns of beach soccer, with the thigh and foot most frequently affected areas and muscle/tendon injuries the leading cause of time-loss in both matches and training. The findings also emphasize the high burden of knee and head injuries, particularly concussions, and suggest tailored prevention strategies are needed. Future research with more diverse cohorts is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":74767,"journal":{"name":"Science & medicine in football","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomoyuki Shimakawa, Simon Galmiche, Shinichiro Ueda, Yusuke Shimakawa
{"title":"Injuries and risk factors in men's beach soccer: Japanese national championships 2013-2023.","authors":"Tomoyuki Shimakawa, Simon Galmiche, Shinichiro Ueda, Yusuke Shimakawa","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2025.2558580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2025.2558580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the most common injuries in beach soccer and their risk factors is essential for ensuring player safety. We aimed to describe the injury patterns and identify factors associated with the risk of injury in men's beach soccer. We prospectively recorded injuries reported by players at an on-site aid station during the Japanese National Beach Soccer Championships between 2013 and 2023 (9 tournaments). Match exposure was recorded through video review. We described the injury types and sites, and the factors associated with the injury risk using generalized estimating equations in negative binomial models adjusted for confounders. In total, 796 participants played for 1360.5 player-hours. We observed 144 injuries, with an incidence rate of 106.0/1000 player-hours (95% CI: 89.9-125.0), representing 153 diagnoses. The most frequent injury sites were as follows: foot (<i>n</i> = 40), thigh (<i>n</i> = 24), and lower leg (<i>n</i> = 21). The most frequent injury type was contusion (<i>n</i> = 75). Of the 83 injuries caused by a contact with another player, 24 resulted in a foul. There were 35 injuries associated with time loss (incidence rate 25.7/1000 player-hours, 95% CI: 18.6-35.7), mainly in the foot (n=10) and the thigh (n=8). The risk of injury was lower for goalkeepers and higher in players with time-loss injuries in the past year, with trends towards higher risk for players with lower BMI and history of severe injuries. Lower limb contusions are the predominant injuries in men's beach soccer. Our findings raise the question of protective foot gear to reduce foot contusions and fractures and can inform playing schedules of players at risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":74767,"journal":{"name":"Science & medicine in football","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145031386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valter Di Salvo, Andre Fornaziero, Daniele Bonanno, Lorenzo Lolli
{"title":"Ramadan and match physical performance in professional Muslim football players: a three-phase interrupted time-series league-wide study from the Qatar Stars League.","authors":"Valter Di Salvo, Andre Fornaziero, Daniele Bonanno, Lorenzo Lolli","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2025.2550414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2025.2550414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To explore the effects of Ramadan on proxy measures of match physical performance in professional Muslim football players competing in the Qatar Stars League using a three-phase interrupted time-series design. We examined total, high-speed running ( > 15 km·h<sup>-1</sup>), very-high speed running ( > 20 km·h<sup>-1</sup>), and sprinting ( > 25 km·h<sup>-1</sup>) distances covered (m) by 45 professional Muslim football players tracked during official matches (322 individual measurements over 10 consecutive league rounds) and training (1168 individual observations) in periods preceding, during, and after Ramadan 1445. Separate multivariable-adjusted random-effects generalized additive models quantified the phase-specific effects of Ramadan on match running distances interpreted against the random match-to-match variability in total, high-speed running, very-high speed running, and sprinting distance of ± 494 m (95% confidence interval [CI], 480 to 508 m), ±200 m (95% CI, 195 to 206 m), ±102 m (95% CI, 99 to 105 m), and ± 60 m (95% CI, 58 to 61 m), respectively. Model-based phase-specific effects of Ramadan indicated mean reductions of 254 m (95% CI, 138 to 370 m) in total distance, 92 m (95%CI, 59 to 123 m) in high-speed running, and 31 m (95% CI, 12 to 50 m) in very high-speed running distance that were indistinguishable from random within-subject match-to-match variability. Effects for sprinting distance were inconsistent. Running distances covered during training were materially equivalent across study phases. In Muslim-majority environments like the State of Qatar, professional Muslim football players seem able to cope with Ramadan without experiencing substantial impairments in match physical performance or reductions in training load.</p>","PeriodicalId":74767,"journal":{"name":"Science & medicine in football","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sara Dahlén, John Bjørneboe, Stian Kirkerud Sandmo, Lena Kristin Bache-Mathiesen, Thor Einar Andersen
{"title":"Video analysis of head impacts in top-level female football players: a cohort study.","authors":"Sara Dahlén, John Bjørneboe, Stian Kirkerud Sandmo, Lena Kristin Bache-Mathiesen, Thor Einar Andersen","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2025.2548209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2025.2548209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed at exploring the exposure of head impacts, i.e. headers and non-headers, in top-level female football players. The study included all teams (<i>n</i> = 10) and players (<i>n</i> = 238) in the Norwegian Women's Premier League during the 2023 season. Video analysis was used to register headers and non-headers in the 135 matches of the season. Potential head injuries were compared between video signs and medical reports. The header and non-header incidences were estimated per 90 match minutes with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We observed 9364 headers and 233 non-headers in 135 matches. Nine non-headers resulted in a head injury (all concussions), players' time loss ranging from 5 to 87 days. The highest number of headers performed by a single player in a match was 22. The total number of headers performed during a match varied between 34 and 125. Defenders had an estimated 4.2 (CI = 3.9-4.3), midfielders 2.9 (CI = 2.7-3.0), and forwards 2.6 (CI = 2.5-3.1) headers per match. There was a positive correlation between heading frequency and age. Forwards were the players most exposed to non-headers, with an estimated 0.09 per match. Most non-headers were caused by unintentional head-to-ball contact. We found that defenders had the highest header frequency. Header frequencies varied substantially between players and from match to match. Forwards had the highest risk of non-headers. Nine non-headers resulted in head injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":74767,"journal":{"name":"Science & medicine in football","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aaron F Carbuhn, Kasey Edwardson, Prabhakar Chalise, Setorwu Dzesu, Jill K Morris
{"title":"Longitudinal assessment of brain injury biomarker neurofilament light in female football players during a competitive season of football heading.","authors":"Aaron F Carbuhn, Kasey Edwardson, Prabhakar Chalise, Setorwu Dzesu, Jill K Morris","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2025.2550418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2025.2550418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This prospective cohort study aimed to longitudinally assess the brain injury biomarker plasma neurofilament light (NfL) and its relationship with football heading exposure in female football players during a competitive season. Forty-nine collegiate female football players were recruited to participate in the study, 29 voluntarily consented and enrolled. Blood samples were collected every 3-4 weeks during season: preseason, midseason 1, 2, and postseason. Heading exposure was estimated every two weeks via HeadCount questionnaire. Linear mixed models for repeated measures were used to determine differences in plasma NfL during the season. Spearman's rank correlation analysis determined the relationship between NfL changes and heading exposure. For analysis, participants were excluded if unable to participate in ≥ 80% of team activities or experienced a concussion during the season; thus, six were excluded resulting in 23 participants' data analyzed. NfL at mid- and postseason did not differ from preseason (mid1: <i>p</i> = 0.57; mid2: <i>p</i> = 0.88; postseason: <i>p</i> = 0.07). Changes in NfL from preseason were unrelated to gameplay heading exposure at any time points and cumulative exposure at midseason 1, 2. Changes in NfL and cumulative heading exposure from pre- to postseason were positively correlated (<i>r</i> = 0.434, <i>p</i> = 0.039), with lower exposures associated with reductions in NfL and higher exposures showing minimal to no elevations. In conclusion, plasma NfL did not elevate in collegiate female football players during a competitive season of heading exposure. However, whether these findings reflect no subtle brain injury or NfL's insensitivity in detecting said injury in young female players remains unclear.</p>","PeriodicalId":74767,"journal":{"name":"Science & medicine in football","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carolina Franco Wilke, Andreas Serner, Andrew Massey, Alan McCall, Mark Fulcher, Craig Rosenbloom, Sean Carmody, Stephen D Patterson, Katrine Okholm Kryger
{"title":"Knowledge, attitude and behaviour around concussion at the FIFA Women's World Cup 2023: part 2 - coaches, performance staff and players.","authors":"Carolina Franco Wilke, Andreas Serner, Andrew Massey, Alan McCall, Mark Fulcher, Craig Rosenbloom, Sean Carmody, Stephen D Patterson, Katrine Okholm Kryger","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2024.2385339","DOIUrl":"10.1080/24733938.2024.2385339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this observational cross-sectional study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and behaviour of coaches and performance staff (i.e. 'coaching staff'), and players from the 32 teams qualified for the FIFA Women's World Cup 2023 regarding assessment and management of concussion in football. Two online surveys were developed: 1) coaching staff, and 2) players. The results were analysed descriptively. Eighty-four coaching staff and 229 players completed the survey. Concussion knowledge: 39% of coaching staff and 33% of players were aware of concussion protocol(s). Knowledge: concussion symptom onset time was correctly reported by 18% of coaching staff and 11% of players. Knowledge about risks related to sustaining a concussion or returning to play too soon varied in both groups. Attitude: 26% of coaching staff and 31% of players reported being very confident or confident in recognizing a suspected concussion. Half of the players (52%) reported to always report symptoms of concussion if feeling any. One (1%) member of the coaching staff and 24 (10%) players reported feeling that a player can return to play with mild symptoms after a concussion. Behaviour: Most coaching staff reported they would have supportive behaviour if faced with a suspected concussion on the pitch. Among players, 64% stated that they would leave the assessment to their team's medical staff, and 4% would encourage their teammates to keep playing. In conclusion, coaching staff and players showed limited knowledge about concussion. Most coaching staff reported attitudes and intended behaviour towards protecting players' health; whilst players' responses varied.</p>","PeriodicalId":74767,"journal":{"name":"Science & medicine in football","volume":" ","pages":"262-274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142010078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William McCalman, Scott G Goddard, Job Fransen, Zachary J Crowley-McHattan, Kyle J M Bennett
{"title":"Experienced academy soccer coaches' perceptions of evaluating talented youth soccer players' skilfulness in small-sided games: a mixed-methods study.","authors":"William McCalman, Scott G Goddard, Job Fransen, Zachary J Crowley-McHattan, Kyle J M Bennett","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2025.2536538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2025.2536538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Academy soccer coaches evaluate players' skilfulness to inform talent identification and development, focusing on technical proficiency, adaptability, decision-making, and influence. However, limited research has explored coaches' perceptions of skilfulness after completing an assessment. Furthermore, little is known about the potential overlap between current skill performance and future potential, or how coaches consider the skilfulness sub-dimensions. This mixed methods study explored how experienced Australian male youth soccer coaches (<i>n</i> = 5) and academy directors (<i>n</i> = 10) (<i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 42.5 ± 13.8 years; <i>M</i><sub>experience</sub> = 19.2 ± 9.8 years) rated players' skill performance and potential, their emphasis on sub-dimensions, and perceptions of evaluating them. Participants completed an online survey with pre-recorded small-sided game videos. Quantitatively, they rated players' skill performance and potential and emphasis on each sub-dimension using five-point Likert scales. Qualitatively, they responded to open-ended questions. Quantitative data were analysed using Spearman Rank Correlations and a Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Qualitative responses were explored via content analysis. Coaches' ratings were partially supported by their reflections on evaluating skill, as they reported feeling competent in rating players' skill performance but required more information on players' backgrounds to assess potential. Given a high <i>overall</i> correlation between coaches' ratings of skill performance and potential (<i>r</i> = 0.79, <i>p</i> = < .001), coaches may have inferred potential from players' performance, possibly explaining their desire for contextual information. While all sub-dimensions were rated as equally important for performance and potential, coaches described using unique criteria for each, highlighting the need for distinct information from skill assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":74767,"journal":{"name":"Science & medicine in football","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144762631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gordon Rennie, Lucy Chesson, Dan Weaving, Ben Jones
{"title":"The effects of rule changes in football-code team sports: a systematic review.","authors":"Gordon Rennie, Lucy Chesson, Dan Weaving, Ben Jones","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2024.2375752","DOIUrl":"10.1080/24733938.2024.2375752","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rule changes within football-code team sports aim to improve performance, enhance player welfare, increase competitiveness, and provide player development opportunities. This manuscript aimed to review research investigating the effects of rule changes in football-code team sports. A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and SPORTDiscus) was performed to August 2023; keywords related to rule changes, football-code team sports, and activity type. Studies were excluded if they failed to investigate a football-code team sport, did not quantify the change of rule, or were review articles. Forty-six studies met the eligibility criteria. Four different football codes were reported: Australian rules football (<i>n</i> = 4), rugby league (<i>n</i> = 6), rugby union (<i>n</i> = 16), soccer (<i>n</i> = 20). The most common category was physical performance and match-play characteristics (<i>n</i> = 22). Evidence appears at a high risk of bias partly due to the quasi-experimental nature of included studies, which are inherently non-randomised, but also due to the lack of control for confounding factors within most studies included. Rule changes can result in unintended consequences to performance (e.g., longer breaks in play) and effect player behaviour (i.e., reduce tackler height in rugby) but might not achieve desired outcome (i.e., unchanged concussion incidence). Coaches and governing bodies should regularly and systematically investigate the effects of rule changes to understand their influence on performance and injury risk. It is imperative that future studies analysing rule changes within football codes account for confounding factors by implementing suitable study designs and statistical analysis techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":74767,"journal":{"name":"Science & medicine in football","volume":" ","pages":"199-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141763166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francesco Aiello, Lewis Avery, Tom Gardner, Harvey Rutherford, Alan McCall, Franco M Impellizzeri, Kerry Peek, Francesco Della Villa, Andrew Massey, Andreas Serner
{"title":"Broadening our understanding of injury mechanisms to include at-risk situations: an overview of potential injuries at the FIFA men's World Cup Qatar 2022<sup>TM</sup>.","authors":"Francesco Aiello, Lewis Avery, Tom Gardner, Harvey Rutherford, Alan McCall, Franco M Impellizzeri, Kerry Peek, Francesco Della Villa, Andrew Massey, Andreas Serner","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2024.2372304","DOIUrl":"10.1080/24733938.2024.2372304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to examine and describe the characteristics of potential injury situations during a men's professional international tournament quantified using the FIFA Football Language Medical Coding. A prospective study was conducted during the 64 matches of the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022™, during which five analysts recorded potential injury situations from video analysis. \"Potential injuries\" were recorded when players stayed down > 5 s and/or requested medical attention. Characteristics were further recorded for variables such as opponent's action and body location. In total, 720 potential injury situations were recorded of which 139 required medical assessment. The actions which resulted in most potential injuries were running while receiving a pass (74; 10%), while passing the ball (59; 8%), and while progressing with the ball (48; 7%). Duels and ball progression led to a potential injury in 3.0% and 2.1% of all similar actions in total. Both aerial duels and ball progression led to an potential injury that required medical assessment on 0.4% of occasions. Most potential injuries involved the head (149; 21%), foot (120; 17%), or lower leg (110; 15%) with most medical assessments of the head (35; 25%), lower leg (17; 12%), and knee (15; 11%) with a median duration of 47 seconds (IQR 28-61). This study provides a detailed overview of match circumstances that may have a higher injury risk. Although some variables within the coding system need improvement to increase reliability, its use will allow a more detailed comparison of differences between high-risk player actions leading to injury and those that do not, which can improve future prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":74767,"journal":{"name":"Science & medicine in football","volume":" ","pages":"283-292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141473337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cloe Cummins, Glen Charlton, Simon Buxton, Kath Shorter, David Paul, Aron Murphy
{"title":"Need a break? The locomotor and tackle pacing profile and loads of women's rugby league match-play following various between-match turnaround durations.","authors":"Cloe Cummins, Glen Charlton, Simon Buxton, Kath Shorter, David Paul, Aron Murphy","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2024.2351224","DOIUrl":"10.1080/24733938.2024.2351224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study investigated the locomotor and tackle pacing profile and loads of female rugby league players following various between-match turnaround durations. Specifically, the study examined the (1) pacing of locomotor and tackle loads across the time-course of a match and; (2) whole-match and peak locomotor and tackle loads of match-play.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Microtechnology data were collected from elite female rugby league players (<i>n</i> = 172) representing all National Rugby League Women's teams (<i>n</i> = 6 teams) across two seasons. Players were categorised into backs, adjustables, forwards or interchange players. Data was calculated for the whole-match (m), per minute (m.min<sup>-1</sup>) and peak (running: m.min<sup>-1</sup>; acceleration: m.s<sup>-2</sup>) locomotor and tackle loads (number and efficiency (%)) of match-play. The pacing as well as the locomotor and tackle loads of match-play were examined following short (≤6 days), normal (7 days) or long (≥8 days) turnarounds.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pacing profile of playing positions varied across short, normal and long match turnarounds. Trivial to moderate differences existed in the whole-match, per minute and peak locomotor loads across match turnaround durations (effect size ≤ 1.2).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Following various between-match turnaround durations (i.e., short, normal and long match turnarounds), there were variations in the locomotor and tackle pacing profile and loads whereby, the pacing profile of positional groups was more affected than the load profile. The findings can be used in applied settings to guide the recovery strategies and training plans of female rugby league players to optimise performance and wellbeing across various match turnaround durations.</p>","PeriodicalId":74767,"journal":{"name":"Science & medicine in football","volume":" ","pages":"314-327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140913456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}