Advances in Virology最新文献

{"title":"Ethyl Gallate: Promising Cytoprotective against HIV-1-Induced Cytopathy and Antiretroviral-Induced Cytotoxicity.","authors":"C Muddu Krishna,&nbsp;J N Kolla,&nbsp;Hari Babu Bollikolla,&nbsp;T Sravan Kumar Reddy,&nbsp;S Asha","doi":"10.1155/2023/6727762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6727762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>HIV-1 infection in cell culture is typically characterized by certain cytopathic effects such as vacuolization of cells and development of syncytia, which further lead to cell death. In addition, the majority of drugs during HIV treatment exhibit serious adverse effects in patients, apart from their beneficial role. During the screening of cytoprotective agents to protect the cells from HIV-1-associated cell death and also drug-associated toxicity, antioxidants from a natural source are assumed to be a choice. A well-known antioxidant, ethyl gallate (EG), was selected for cytoprotection studies which have already been proven as an anti-HIV agent.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The main objective of the study was to explore the cytoprotective potential of EG against HIV-1-induced cytopathic effect and antiretroviral drug toxicity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>DPPH free radical scavenging assay was performed with EG to find the effective concentration for antioxidant activity. HIV-1infection-associated cytopathic effects and further rescue by EG were studied in MT-2 lymphocytes by the microscopic method and XTT cytopathic assays. The cellular toxicity of different antiretroviral drugs in different cell lines and the consequent cytoprotective effectiveness of EG were investigated using an MTT cell viability assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Like ascorbic acid, EG exhibited promising antioxidant activity. HIV-1 infection of MT2 cells induces cell death often referred to as the cytopathic effect. In addition, the usage of antiretroviral drugs also causes severe adverse effects like cytotoxicity. In this context, EG was tested for its cytoprotective properties against HIV-1-induced cytopathic effect and drug-mediated cellular toxicity. EG reclaimed back the MT2 cells from HIV-1-induced cell death. Antiretroviral drugs, such as ritonavir, efavirinz, AZT, and nevirapine, were tested for their toxicity and induced more cell death at higher concentrations in different tissue models such as the liver (THLE-3), lung (AEpiCM), colorectal (HT-29), and brain (U87 MG). Pretreated cells with EG were rescued from the toxic doses of ART.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EG was found to be exhibited cytoprotection not only from HIV-1-linked cell death but also from the chemotoxicity of antiretroviral drugs. Evidently, EG could be a cytoprotective supplement in the management of AIDS along with its enormous antioxidant benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":7473,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Virology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"6727762"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10356543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9849833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole-Genome Comparison of Representatives of All Variants of SARS-CoV-2, Including Subvariant BA.2 and the GKA Clade.","authors":"Ida B K Suardana,&nbsp;Bayu K Mahardika,&nbsp;Made Pharmawati,&nbsp;Putu H Sudipa,&nbsp;Tri K Sari,&nbsp;Nyoman B Mahendra,&nbsp;Gusti N Mahardika","doi":"10.1155/2023/6476626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6476626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since its discovery at the end of 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly evolved into many variants, including the subvariant BA.2 and the GKA clade. Genomic clarification is needed for better management of the current pandemic as well as the possible reemergence of novel variants. The sequence of the reference genome Wuhan-Hu-1 and approximately 20 representatives of each variant were downloaded from GenBank and GISAID. Two representatives with no track of in-definitive nucleotides were selected. The sequences were aligned using muscle. The location of insertion/deletion (indel) in the genome was mapped following the open reading frame (ORF) of Wuhan-Hu-1. The phylogeny of the spike protein coding region was constructed using the maximum likelihood method. Amino acid substitutions in all ORFs were analyzed separately. There are two indel sites in ORF1AB, eight in spike, and one each in ORF3A, matrix (MA), nucleoprotein (NP), and the 3'-untranslated regions (3'UTR). Some indel sites and residues/substitutions are not unique, and some are variant-specific. The phylogeny shows that Omicron, Deltacron, and BA2 are clustered together and separated from other variants with 100% bootstrap support. In conclusion, whole-genome comparison of representatives of all variants revealed indel patterns that are specific to SARS-CoV-2 variants or subvariants. Polymorphic amino acid comparison across all coding regions also showed amino acid residues shared by specific groups of variants. Finally, the higher transmissibility of BA.2 might be due at least in part to the 48 nucleotide deletions in the 3'UTR, while the seem-to-be extinction of GKA clade is due to the lack of genetic advantages as a consequence of amino acid substitutions in various genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7473,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Virology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"6476626"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10019969/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9153508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the MAScIR SARS-CoV-2 M Kit 2.0 on the SARS-CoV-2 Infection.","authors":"Amal Zouaki,&nbsp;Hakima Kabbaj,&nbsp;Ghizlane El Amin,&nbsp;Mouna Ouadghiri,&nbsp;Bouchra Belefquih,&nbsp;Azeddine Ibrahimi,&nbsp;Myriam Seffar","doi":"10.1155/2023/9313666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9313666","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SARS-CoV-2 is a major public health problem worldwide. Since its emergence, several diagnostic kits have been developed to ensure rapid patient management. The aim of our study is to check the performance of the new Moroccan SARS-CoV-2 detection kit: MAScIR SARS-CoV-2 M 2.0. The following parameters were studied: repeatability, reproducibility, analytical specificity, analytical sensitivity, and comparison with the GeneFinder™ COVID-19 Plus RealAmp Kit. In addition, an external quality evaluation comprising five specimens was carried out as part of an international program for the external quality evaluation of sublaboratories of the WHO and the Laboratory Office of the National Institute of Hygiene of Morocco. The results of all parameters studied showed an analytical performance that complied with the requirements of the method verification/validation protocol adopted by the Central Laboratory of Virology and met the recommendations of COFRAC (French Accreditation Committee). During the current study, the sequencing of some randomly selected positive samples was performed, among which the carriers of the Alpha variant, the Delta variant, and the Omicron variant were detected. These results allowed us to deduce that this kit was valid for detecting these three variants.</p>","PeriodicalId":7473,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Virology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"9313666"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9929027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10824641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis B Virus Immunity Gap: A Six-Year Laboratory Data Review of Hepatitis B Serological Profiles in Gauteng Province, South Africa.","authors":"Nonhlanhla Mbenenge,&nbsp;Kathleen Subramoney,&nbsp;Clement Gascua Adu-Gyamfi,&nbsp;Florette K Treurnicht","doi":"10.1155/2023/6374874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6374874","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In 1995, the hepatitis B vaccine in South Africa was incorporated into the childhood expanded programme of immunization. We report on immunity gaps of laboratory-based hepatitis B virus (HBV) among patients in public facilities in Gauteng Province from 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2019. <i>Methodology</i>. We analyzed HBV serological data extracted from the National Health Laboratory Services Central Data Warehouse (NHLS CDW). A descriptive analysis was performed for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibodies to HBV core (anti-HBc) total, anti-HBc IgM, and antibodies to HBV surface antigen (anti-HBs) according to annual distribution, age groups, and sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The HBsAg positivity rate was 7.0% (75,596/1,095,561; <i>p</i>=0.001): 7.4% (96,532/944,077) in the 25 years and over age group and 4.0% (358/9,268 and 325/10,864) in the under 5 and 13-24 year age groups. The positivity rates of the other HBV serological markers were as follows: anti-HBc total was 37.0% (34,377/93,711; <i>p</i>  <  0.001), anti-HBc IgM was 2.4% (5,661/239,237; <i>p</i>=0.05), and anti-HBs was 37.0% (76,302/206,138; <i>p</i> ≤ 0.001). Naturally acquired HBV immunity was detected in 25.7% (11,188/43,536) of patients in the 25 years and over age group, and 9.7% and 8.2% (113/1,158 and 541/6,522) among those under 5 years and 13-24 year age group, respectively (<i>p</i>  <  0.001). Vaccine-induced immunity was 56.6% (656/1,158) in children under 5 years and 10.2% (4,425/43,536) among those 25 years and above (<i>p</i>  <  0.001). Fifty-six percent (29,404/52,581) of patients were HBV seronegative; predominantly among patients in the 13-24 year age group (60.6%; (3,952/6,522)) and 25 years and over (56.3% (24,524/43,536)) (<i>p</i>=<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The HBV infection seroprevalence remains high in South Africa, with Gauteng province having high intermediate endemicity. However, the HBV immunity gap has shifted from younger children to older children and adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":7473,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Virology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"6374874"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10208757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9579774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Validity to Detect Omicron Variants.","authors":"Lia Gardenia Partakusuma,&nbsp;Luhung Budiailmiawan,&nbsp;Budiman,&nbsp;Ida Parwati,&nbsp;Aryati,&nbsp;Basti Andriyoko,&nbsp;Louisa Markus,&nbsp;Corine Niswara,&nbsp;Cut Nur Cinthia Alamanda","doi":"10.1155/2023/6618710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6618710","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mutation of SARS-CoV-2 has generated several variants of concern (VOC) which spread promptly worldwide. These emerging variants affected global strategies to overcome COVID-19. Variants of SARS-CoV-2 are determined by the whole genome sequencing (WGS) assay, which is time-consuming, with limited availability (only in several laboratories). Hence, a faster and more accessible examination is needed. The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) method is one of the options for genomic variation surveillance that can help provide an answer to this challenge. This study aims to determine the validity of the SNP method with PCR to detect omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 compared with the gold standard, WGS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a diagnostic analysis of 140 confirmed COVID-19 nasopharyngeal samples taken from the Kemayoran COVID Emergency Hospital Laboratory and the West Java Provincial Health Laboratory from April to October 2022. Data analysis was carried out to determine conformity and validity values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis using Cohen's kappa coefficient test showed high conformity between SNP and WGS (<i>p</i> value <0.001; kappa coefficient = 0.948). SNP showed great validity values on omicron BA.1 (90% sensitivity; 100% specificity), omicron BA.2 (100% sensitivity; 99% specificity), and omicron BA.4/5 (99.2% sensitivity; 100% specificity).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The SNP method can be a more time-efficient alternative to detect omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 and distinguish their sublineages (BA.1, BA.2, and BA.4/5) by two different specific gene mutations in combination analysis (ΔH69/V70 and Q493R mutations).</p>","PeriodicalId":7473,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Virology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"6618710"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10501844/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10311090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The SARS-CoV-2 UTR's Intrudes Host RBP's and Modulates Cellular Splicing.","authors":"Anjali Singh,&nbsp;Kush Kumar Pandey,&nbsp;Shubham Kumar Agrawal,&nbsp;Rupesh K Srivastava,&nbsp;Sankar Bhattacharyya,&nbsp;Bhupendra Verma","doi":"10.1155/2023/2995443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2995443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus that causes a potentially fatal respiratory disease known as coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and is responsible for the ongoing pandemic with increasing mortality. Understanding the host-virus interaction involved in SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology will enhance our understanding of the mechanistic basis of COVID-19 infection. The characterization of post-transcriptional gene regulatory networks, particularly pre-mRNA splicing, and the identification and characterization of host proteins interacting with the 5' and 3'UTRs of SARS-CoV-2 will improve our understanding of post-transcriptional gene regulation during SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that either SARS-CoV-2 infection or exogenous overexpression of the 5' and 3'UTRs of the viral genomic RNAs, results in reduced mRNA levels possibly due to modulation of host cell pre-mRNA splicing. Further, we have investigated the potential RNA-binding proteins interacting with the 5' and 3'UTRs, using <i>in-silico</i> approaches. Our results suggest that 5' and 3'UTRs indeed interact with many RNA-binding proteins. Our results provide a primer for further investigations into the UTR-mediated regulation of splicing and related molecular mechanisms in host cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":7473,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Virology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"2995443"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10098413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9318480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Protective Potential Role of ACE2 against COVID-19.","authors":"Fereshteh Golab,&nbsp;Gelareh Vahabzadeh,&nbsp;Leila SadeghRoudbari,&nbsp;Arefeh Shirazi,&nbsp;Robabeh Shabani,&nbsp;Sara Tanbakooei,&nbsp;Lida Kooshesh","doi":"10.1155/2023/8451931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8451931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), researchers all over the world have tried to find an appropriate therapeutic approach for the disease. The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been shown as a necessary receptor to cell fusion, which is involved in infection due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is commonly crucial for all organs and systems. When ACE2 is downregulated via the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, it results in the angiotensin II (Ang II)/angiotensin type 1 receptor axis overactivation. Ang II has harmful effects, which can be evidenced by dysfunctions in many organs experienced by COVID-19 patients. ACE2 is the SARS-CoV-2 receptor and has an extensive distribution; thus, some COVID-19 cases experience several symptoms and complications. We suggest strategy for the potential protective effect of ACE2 to the viral infection. The current review will provide data to develop new approaches for preventing and controlling the COVID-19 outbreak.</p>","PeriodicalId":7473,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Virology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"8451931"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10238138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9582656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Promises of Plant Metabolites against Monkeypox Virus: An In Silico Study.","authors":"Anik Banik,&nbsp;Sheikh Rashel Ahmed,&nbsp;Sonia Binte Shahid,&nbsp;Tufayel Ahmed,&nbsp;Hafaza Khandaker Tamanna,&nbsp;Hlamrasong Marma","doi":"10.1155/2023/9919776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9919776","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The monkeypox virus was still spreading in May 2022, with the first case identified in a person with travel ties to Nigeria. Using molecular docking-based techniques, we evaluated the efficiency of different bioactive chemicals obtained from plants against the monkeypox virus. A total of 56 plant compounds were evaluated for antimonekypox capabilities, with the top four candidates having a higher binding affinity than the control. We targeted the monkeypox profilin-like protein, which plays a key role in viral replication and assembly. Among the metabolites, curcumin showed the strongest binding affinity with a value of -37.43 kcal/mol, followed by gedunin (-34.89 kcal/mol), piperine (-34.58 kcal/mol), and coumadin (-34.14 kcal/mol). Based on ADME and toxicity assessments, the top four substances had no negative impacts. Furthermore, four compounds demonstrated resistance to deformability, which was corroborated by normal mode analysis. According to the bioactivity prediction study, the top compound target class was an enzyme, membrane receptor, and oxidoreductase. Furthermore, the study discovered that wortmannin, a gedunin analogue, can behave as an orthopoxvirus. The study found that these bioactive natural drug candidates could potentially work as monkeypox virus inhibitors. We recommended further experimental validation to confirm the promising findings of the study.</p>","PeriodicalId":7473,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Virology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"9919776"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10492655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10225164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of the FilmArray BioFire® Technology in the Diagnosis of Viral Respiratory Infections during the COVID-19 Pandemic at Ibn Sina University Hospital Center in Rabat: Epidemiological Study about 503 Cases.","authors":"Khalid Edderdouri,&nbsp;Hakima Kabbaj,&nbsp;Leila Laamara,&nbsp;Noureddine Lahmouddi,&nbsp;Oumayma Lamdarsi,&nbsp;Amal Zouaki,&nbsp;Ghizlane El Amin,&nbsp;Jalila Zirar,&nbsp;Myriam Seffar","doi":"10.1155/2023/2679770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2679770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory viruses are the most involved pathogens in acute respiratory infections. During the COVID-19 pandemic, new elements have been brought to this topic, especially at the diagnostic and therapeutic level. The objective of this work is to describe the epidemiology of respiratory viruses in patients admitted to the Ibn Sina University Hospital of Rabat during a period characterized by the emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2. We conducted a retrospective study from January 1 to December 31. We included all patients treated for acute respiratory infection and for whom a multiplex respiratory panel PCR was requested. Virus detection was performed using a FilmArray RP 2.1 plus BioFire multiplex respiratory panel. The study population was relatively adults with a mean age of 39 years. The sex ratio M/F was 1.20. The survey revealed a high prevalence of 42.3% of patients hospitalized in the adult intensive care unit whose respiratory distress was the most common reason for hospitalization (58%). The positivity rate was 48.1%. This rate was higher in the pediatric population 83.13% compared to adults 29.7%. Monoinfection was found in 36.4% of cases, and codetection in 11.7% of cases. This survey revealed that a total of 322 viruses were detected, HRV being the most incriminated virus (48.7%), followed by RSV in 13.8% of patients. Considering the five most detected viruses in our study (HRV, RSV, PIV3, ADV, and hMPV), we found that the incidence was significantly higher in the pediatric population. SARS-CoV-2 was detected only in adult's population. In our study, we found that influenza A and B viruses, PIV2, MERS, and all bacteria were not detected by this kit during the study period. Regarding the seasonal distribution, RSV and hMPV showed a significantly high incidence during autumn and summer and SARS-CoV-2 and CoV OC43 showed a high peak during winter. In this study, we found a lack of detection of influenza virus and a shift in the usual winter peak of RSV to the summer, while the detection of ADV and HRV was less affected. This difference in detection could be due on the one hand to the difference in stability between enveloped and nonenveloped viruses and on the other hand to the escape of certain viruses to the different sanitary measures introduced after the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic. These same measures were effective against enveloped viruses such as RSV and influenza viruses. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has modified the epidemiology of other respiratory viruses, either directly by viral interference or indirectly by the preventive measures taken.</p>","PeriodicalId":7473,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Virology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"2679770"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10299880/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9734942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and Attitude towards Human Papilloma Virus Infection, Vaccines, and Cervical Cancer Prevention among School Students in Kano, Nigeria.","authors":"Ismail Rabiu,&nbsp;Zainab Yahuza","doi":"10.1155/2023/2803420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2803420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rising cases of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer cases in Nigeria are alarming. Only a few studies have looked at secondary school students in Nigeria's understanding of HPV infection and vaccine acceptance, whereas earlier studies have mostly focused on screening. In this study, 400 students from two secondary schools in Kano State, Nigeria, were engaged with the aim of assessing their level of knowledge and attitudes regarding HPV infection. The study further seeks to understand the respondent's opinion on HPV vaccination and sensitize them to the health effects of HPV infection, thereby communicating the findings to the authorities concerned with policy making. The study revealed that only 128 (32%) and 142 (35.5%) respondents have knowledge about HPV and cervical cancer, respectively. Furthermore, none of the respondents were administered the HPV vaccine, with 81% of them not ready to take the vaccine. It was observed that the majority of the respondents (91%) believed that early hospital visits could help in mitigating HPV or cervical cancer cases. Following their sensitization, the respondents were observed to have different levels of satisfaction, ranging from very satisfied and satisfied to not satisfied. Effective awareness creation amongst students as well as parents is therefore essential in HPV vaccination projects, as well as in reducing the burden of cervical cancer in Nigeria.</p>","PeriodicalId":7473,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Virology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"2803420"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9833909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10527343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}