{"title":"[Anatomy of the petrous portion of the temporal bone].","authors":"Umut Yilmaz","doi":"10.1007/s00117-025-01483-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00117-025-01483-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The petrous portion of the temporal bone is a complex bony structure of the skull base that contains key components of the middle and inner ear as well as essential neurovascular elements. Due to its anatomical location and structural characteristics, it is frequently affected by traumatic, inflammatory, or neoplastic conditions. In addition to the clinical articles in this issue, this review provides a concise overview of the clinically relevant anatomy of the petrous portion, with an emphasis on radiological imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":74635,"journal":{"name":"Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":" ","pages":"551-555"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144610561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Tumors of the petrous bone].","authors":"Frederik Fries","doi":"10.1007/s00117-025-01466-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00117-025-01466-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tumors of the petrous bone pose a significant challenge in radiological diagnostics due to their complex anatomical location.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This article provides an overview of the imaging characteristics of the most important tumors and tumor-like lesions of the petrous bone.</p>","PeriodicalId":74635,"journal":{"name":"Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":" ","pages":"580-585"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Differential diagnosis of acute onset loss of consciousness : A case-based review for the radiologist and neurologist].","authors":"Niklas D Frömmel, Stella Schütz","doi":"10.1007/s00117-025-01475-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00117-025-01475-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74635,"journal":{"name":"Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":" ","pages":"601-606"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144531547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Immunomodulatory impacts of thermal and pulsed field ablation therapy on hepatocellular carcinoma associated with viral hepatitis.","authors":"Yi Xiao, Jingyan Yu, Qiang Huang, Wenbo Xiao","doi":"10.1007/s00117-025-01476-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-025-01476-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ablation therapy for liver cancer has become one of the most important tools for the radical treatment of early-stage liver cancer and the palliative treatment of middle- and late-stage liver cancer. Ablation not only kills liver cancer cells directly, but also activates the antitumor immune response of the body. However, the activated antitumor immune response is not enough to inhibit the recurrence or stop the progression of liver cancer. Immunotherapy offers new hope in this context, but its efficacy is still unsatisfactory. Understanding the role and mechanism of different ablation therapies in activating antitumor immune responses is the basis for the development of ablation-specific immunotherapy protocols. In particular, pulsed field ablation, as a nonthermal ablation technique, can make up for the shortcomings of thermal ablation. However, as pulsed field ablation is still an emerging technology, the mechanism of activation of antitumor immune responses by ablation remains unclear. Therefore, comparing the similarities and differences between thermal ablation and pulsed field ablation in activating antitumor immunity can provide theoretical support for the development of immunotherapy after thermal ablation and pulsed field ablation for liver cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":74635,"journal":{"name":"Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144610563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Magnetic resonance imaging of the pediatric chest].","authors":"Daniel Gräfe, Franz Wolfgang Hirsch","doi":"10.1007/s00117-025-01486-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-025-01486-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Magnetic resonance imagining (MRI) has become a well-established radiation-free alternative to computed tomography (CT) in pediatric imaging but is still rarely used for lung evaluation due to technical limitations such as low proton density and motion artifacts.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To demonstrate how pediatric lung MRI can be performed reliably despite its known limitations and how recent technical innovations enhance its diagnostic potential.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Based on clinical experience from a university pediatric radiology center, a standardized thoracic MRI protocol for children is presented. It includes respiratory-triggered T2-weighted sequences and, when available, ultra-short TE (UTE) sequences. Emerging techniques such as ventilation-perfusion MRI and real-time MRI are also discussed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most clinical questions can be addressed using respiratory-triggered T2-weighted sequences. UTE sequences improve visualization of aerated lung parenchyma and low-proton lesions. Real-time MRI significantly reduces motion artifacts and enables functional assessment, especially in unsedated infants and toddlers. Total exam time is 15-20 min.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pediatric lung MRI is a reliable, radiation-free alternative to CT in many cases. New sequence techniques like UTE and real-time MRI considerably expand its diagnostic range. Wider adoption could meaningfully reduce radiation exposure in children with chronic lung disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":74635,"journal":{"name":"Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144610562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Winkelmann, Matthias Kassube, Johannes Rübenthaler, Gabriel T Sheikh, Wolfgang G Kunz
{"title":"[Primary imaging diagnostics of lymphomas].","authors":"Michael Winkelmann, Matthias Kassube, Johannes Rübenthaler, Gabriel T Sheikh, Wolfgang G Kunz","doi":"10.1007/s00117-025-01447-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00117-025-01447-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical/methodological issue: </strong>Imaging procedures are an integral component of the diagnostics and treatment of lymphomas for the initial diagnosis, staging and assessment of the efficacy of treatment. The different lymphoma entities show differences in metabolic activity and therefore require different examination modalities.</p><p><strong>Standard radiological methods: </strong>This review article focuses on the primary imaging diagnostics of lymphomas using computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET)/CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It also discusses the special imaging features of the various subtypes.</p><p><strong>Methodological innovations: </strong>The potential of whole-body (WB) MRI, PET/MRI and other PET tracers are discussed.</p><p><strong>Performance: </strong>In addition, the most important classifications for the diagnosis of spread and diagnostic scores based on imaging are explained and important pitfalls in initial imaging are discussed.</p><p><strong>Assessment: </strong>Besides these most frequently used modalities, WB MRI and PET/MRI offer alternatives for special patient groups (e.g., children and pregnant women).</p><p><strong>Practical recommendations: </strong>Imaging in the initial diagnosis of lymphomas should generally include an examination of the neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis and inguinal region. Depending on the lymphoma entity, imaging is often performed using PET/CT or CT. Standardized staging classifications are used for many lymphoma entities but there are adapted criteria for several subtypes that should be taken into consideration.</p>","PeriodicalId":74635,"journal":{"name":"Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":" ","pages":"500-507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144026075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Subarachnoid hemorrhage, part 2 : Treatment, complications and long-term sequelae].","authors":"Umut Yilmaz, Malvina Garner, Wolfgang Reith","doi":"10.1007/s00117-025-01474-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00117-025-01474-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with a high morbidity and complex management. After the diagnosis, prompt exclusion of the ruptured aneurysm via endovascular or surgical techniques depending on morphology and location is essential. Complications such as delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), hydrocephalus, vasospasms, seizures and systemic dysfunctions significantly impact the prognosis. Modern imaging procedures, particularly computed tomography (CT) perfusion, enable early detection of critical changes. Interdisciplinary treatment and structured follow-up care are decisive to minimize long-term neurological deficits and to improve the patients' quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":74635,"journal":{"name":"Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":" ","pages":"525-534"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christian Neelsen, Ahmad Mohammad, Heinz-Peter Schlemmer, Antonia Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss, Christos Sachpekidis
{"title":"[Staging and treatment response assessment with radiological and nuclear medicine approaches for non-Hodgkin lymphomas].","authors":"Christian Neelsen, Ahmad Mohammad, Heinz-Peter Schlemmer, Antonia Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss, Christos Sachpekidis","doi":"10.1007/s00117-025-01459-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00117-025-01459-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical/methodical issue: </strong>Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) represent a heterogeneous group of malignant diseases in which the choice of imaging modality and response criteria strongly depends on histology and clinical context. Selecting the appropriate method is essential for individualized treatment planning.</p><p><strong>Standard radiological methods: </strong>According to the Lugano classification, <sup>18</sup>F‑fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (<sup>18</sup>F‑FDG PET/CT) is the reference standard for staging and response assessment in <sup>18</sup>F-FDG-avid NHL. For other lymphoma subtypes with low or variable <sup>18</sup>F-FDG avidity, or in cases where reimbursement by statutory health insurance (GKV) is lacking, contrast-enhanced CT is typically used.</p><p><strong>Methodological innovations: </strong>This article discusses the new classification systems Lymphoma Response to Immunomodulatory Therapy Criteria (LYRIC) and Response Evaluation Criteria in Lymphoma (RECIL), as well as specific features of certain lymphoma subtypes and novel imaging approaches such as whole-body MRI and innovative PET tracers.</p><p><strong>Performance: </strong>This narrative review does not include a systematic evaluation of sensitivity or specificity data.</p><p><strong>Achievements: </strong>In <sup>18</sup>F-FDG-avid lymphomas <sup>18</sup>F‑FDG PET/CT remains the gold standard for precise staging and response assessment.</p><p><strong>Practical recommendations: </strong>Imaging is essential for tailored therapy planning and monitoring in NHL. As most NHL subtypes are <sup>18</sup>FDG-avid, PET/CT is the reference standard. However, contrast-enhanced CT continues to play a significant role, particularly in Germany. New PET tracers and whole-body MRI offer promising approaches but require further studies and standardization.</p>","PeriodicalId":74635,"journal":{"name":"Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":" ","pages":"508-517"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144164155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma : Current classification and biopsy diagnostics].","authors":"M Andrulis","doi":"10.1007/s00117-025-01449-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00117-025-01449-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical/methodological issue: </strong>Imaging plays a central role in the staging and biopsy-based diagnosis of malignant lymphomas. The diagnostic approach using core needle biopsy requires an interdisciplinary strategy that integrates clinical, histopathological and molecular characteristics of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL).</p><p><strong>Standard radiological methods: </strong>Ultrasound and/or computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsy.</p><p><strong>Methodological innovations: </strong>The current WHO classification defines over 40 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma entities, taking the genomic heterogeneity into account.</p><p><strong>Performance/achievements: </strong>This review focuses on non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with imaging-based diagnostic relevance, including indolent and aggressive B‑NHL as well as systemic T/NK-NHL. It also discusses technical aspects of core needle biopsy and treatment-related effects that can impact the biopsy quality. Special attention is paid to the role of imaging and biopsy techniques in detecting high-grade transformation of indolent B‑NHL, which is associated with rapid progression and diagnostic challenges.</p><p><strong>Practical recommendations: </strong>Ultrasound-guided and CT-guided core needle biopsies are well-established standard procedures with a high sensitivity. Close interdisciplinary collaboration between radiology and pathology, along with structured communication of clinical information are essential to ensure high diagnostic accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":74635,"journal":{"name":"Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":" ","pages":"483-489"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}