Daniela Gasperini, Francesco Pierotti, Luigi Privitera, Catriona M Steele, Andrea Bandini
{"title":"Wearable sensors for monitoring neurogenic dysphagia: a scoping review.","authors":"Daniela Gasperini, Francesco Pierotti, Luigi Privitera, Catriona M Steele, Andrea Bandini","doi":"10.1088/2516-1091/ae6d5d","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2516-1091/ae6d5d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurological disorders, such as Parkinson<b>'</b>s disease and stroke, often lead to neurogenic dysphagia, a swallowing disorder that compromises nutrition and increases the risk of malnutrition, aspiration of food, and even death. Although instrumental assessments remain the gold standard for evaluating swallowing function, their invasiveness, cost, and reliance on specialized clinical facilities limit their routine use. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and Web of Science, including only peer-reviewed studies using non-invasive wearable devices for assessing and monitoring dysphagia in neurological disorders. The initial search identified 1669 records, and an updated search retrieved 128 additional records. After screening, 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. Accelerometers and surface electromyography sensors were the most frequently used, either alone or in multimodal configurations. Multimodal approaches generally provided more accurate and comprehensive assessments than single-sensor systems. However, validation with gold-standard methods was performed in only half of the studies, and considerable heterogeneity was observed in sensor placement, study protocols, and signal-processing strategies. Wearable sensing technologies represent a non-invasive and scalable solution for assessing neurogenic dysphagia. To enable clinical translation, future research should focus on standardized methodologies, robust validation, and the integration of artificial intelligence for more precise swallowing assessment in individuals with neurological disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":74582,"journal":{"name":"Progress in biomedical engineering (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147936151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Soft pneumatic actuators for wearable systems: a structural classification and integration-oriented evaluation.","authors":"Émélie Bowness, Marc Doumit","doi":"10.1088/2516-1091/ae6d5e","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2516-1091/ae6d5e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soft pneumatic actuators promise gentle, body-safe assistance, yet many fail at the moment of integration: inflation alters geometry, increases profile, and stresses seams and ports. This topical review reframes actuator selection through a structure-first lens that links how an actuator is built to how it deforms and how it embeds in garments. Actuators are classified by structural architecture, deformation behavior, and fabrication method, and evaluated against four integration criteria central to wearable systems: geometric compatibility, fabrication scalability, system integration readiness, and actuation simplicity. A staged selection pathway is proposed and presented as a literature-informed mapping table that links reported wearable application contexts to dominant integration priorities and a practical structural-class starting point. Planar sheet designs can preserve a thin, predictable pressurized envelope at modest pressures when seam paths, constraint layers, and attachment features are co-designed. Pouch and bladder actuators are thin at rest, simple to fabricate, and readily integrated with textiles, but commonly bulge under load without external constraint; envelope control and port or manifold routing frequently limit garment integration. Fiber-constrained actuators deliver high specific force but often require rigid end terminations and elevated pressures. Segmented elastomers provide rich kinematics through chamber layout while tending toward bulging and routing burden in multi-segment formats. Mechanical metamaterials realize geometry-programmed motion when hinge fidelity and pattern alignment are maintained; durability of compliant joints and consistent crease formation set current limits. The resulting synthesis identifies practical priorities for wearable use: preserve thin profiles under load, embed stitchable or bondable attachment features, document reproducible process windows, minimize dead volume, routing, and valve count with compact pneumatic architectures, and target low-pressure operation compatible with lightweight hardware. Framing integration in structural terms standardizes comparison across actuator classes, clarifies the narrow feasible design space for compact, body-conforming devices, and supports deliberate actuator choice for biomedical wearables.</p>","PeriodicalId":74582,"journal":{"name":"Progress in biomedical engineering (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147936137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quiet standing: a simple motor task but a hard modeling challenge.","authors":"Kaymie Shiozawa, Federico Tessari, Rika Sugimoto-Dimitrova, Neville Hogan","doi":"10.1088/2516-1091/ae6696","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2516-1091/ae6696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maintaining quiet balance is a simple yet indispensable motor task that is crucial for human health and well-being, as it is essential in everyday activities. The loss of balance ability-due to aging and traumatic or degenerative disorders-is associated with an increased risk of falls and injuries. Therefore, it is critical to identify the underlying neural control mechanisms of healthy and impaired posture and to develop better and more targeted ways to predict, prevent, and treat postural disorders. After providing context on relevant biomechanical and neurophysiological aspects of quiet stance, this review offers a detailed analysis of the different computational models used in existing literature to explain unimpaired and impaired quiet balance. We identify six key aspects of modeling upright stance which are currently discussed in the literature, and we delve into the different neuromotor control hypotheses that have been proposed. We critically discuss the reviewed findings and provide our perspective on how upright and unperturbed posture may be an independent neuromotor control primitive for human motion, or in this case, non-motion. Furthermore, we highlight the need for continued investigation into impaired balance models to advance rehabilitation, enhance assistive robotics, and improve the prediction and mitigation of balance impairments. In conclusion, our review uniquely synthesizes the modeling challenges of quiet stance and provides a critical overview of the most debated controversies in this field. By analyzing such controversies, the review establishes a reference point for future research efforts aimed to clarify and further comprehend upright unperturbed stance.</p>","PeriodicalId":74582,"journal":{"name":"Progress in biomedical engineering (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xuanyu Qian, Chengxin Liu, Yongkang Zhang, Sophini Subramaniam, Qiyin Fang, M Jamal Deen, Wei Jiang
{"title":"From patch-clamps to SPAD arrays-evolution and future perspectives of invasive neural interfacing toward integrated photonic implants.","authors":"Xuanyu Qian, Chengxin Liu, Yongkang Zhang, Sophini Subramaniam, Qiyin Fang, M Jamal Deen, Wei Jiang","doi":"10.1088/2516-1091/ae67c5","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2516-1091/ae67c5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The investigation of neural circuit dynamics faces a fundamental challenge: existing tools cannot simultaneously achieve cellular resolution, millimeter-depth penetration, and compatibility with freely behaving subjects. Electrophysiology offers temporal precision at depth, while advanced microscopy provides superb resolution, but is physically constrained to superficial layers or head-fixed preparations. In this review, we propose that implantable photonic devices are emerging as the critical solution to address this challenge. We first critically examine the evolution of electrophysiology and microscopic imaging, establishing their inherent trade-offs. We then detail how integrated photonic probes, leveraging semiconductor innovations like single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays and<i>μ</i>LEDs, enable optical sensing and manipulation deep within the brain of behaving animals. By establishing frameworks to compare important performance and synthesizing the latest research, we provide analysis of this transformative shift. Finally, we outline the multidisciplinary challenges in scaling, thermal management, data processing, and biocompatibility, which must be overcome to realize the full potential of implantable photonics as a new paradigm for closed-loop neuroscience and clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":74582,"journal":{"name":"Progress in biomedical engineering (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Motaharinia, A Sanati Nezhad, J Goldman, H R Bakhsheshi-Rad, J W Drelich
{"title":"A review of magnesium-based stents: manufacturing strategies and future trends.","authors":"A Motaharinia, A Sanati Nezhad, J Goldman, H R Bakhsheshi-Rad, J W Drelich","doi":"10.1088/2516-1091/ae62c3","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2516-1091/ae62c3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronary artery disease is often treated with vascular stents to restore the blood flow. Recently, there has been growing interest in biodegradable metal stents, especially those made from magnesium (Mg). This review starts by explaining the complex pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and the current treatment options. It then discusses stents, including their potential benefits, capabilities, and limitations, as they represent the gold standard for percutaneous coronary intervention in treating atherosclerosis. Given the vital role of stents, we provide a thorough review of the manufacturing techniques involved, such as wire forming, subtractive manufacturing, and additive manufacturing, with a specific focus on stents made from Mg alloys. Mg-based stents are considered highly promising biodegradable options because their natural absorption helps alleviate long-term complications after surgery, such as chronic inflammation and hypersensitivity reactions, which can result from the persistent presence of foreign materials in the artery. Additionally, the long-term presence of traditional stents increases the risk of late stent thrombosis and can impair vascular healing and vasodilatory function. Furthermore, this review offers an overview of various innovative stent systems designed for different clinical applications that are currently undergoing research and clinical trials. The past reviews offer perspectives on alloy design, fabrication, or surface modification in isolation. Here, in this comprehensive framework we connect material composition, structural design, and surface engineering with biological outcomes and<i>in vivo</i>performance. This work concludes with suggestions for future research directions, including investigations into optimizing manufacturing procedures and processing parameters to produce Mg-based stents with improved quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":74582,"journal":{"name":"Progress in biomedical engineering (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cross-subject generalization for EEG decoding: a survey of deep learning methods.","authors":"Taida Li, Yujun Yan, Fei Dou, Wenzhan Song, Xiang Zhang","doi":"10.1088/2516-1091/ae65f0","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2516-1091/ae65f0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deep learning for cross-subject electroencephalography (EEG) decoding is hindered by high inter-subject variability, which introduces a severe domain shift between training and unseen test subjects. This survey presents a comprehensive review of deep learning methodologies specifically engineered to address this cross-subject generalization challenge. To ground this analysis, we formalize the cross-subject setting as a multi-source domain problem and delineate the rigorous, subject-independent evaluation protocols required for valid assessment. Central to this survey is a systematic taxonomy of the current literature into discrete methodological families, including feature alignment, adversarial learning, feature disentanglement, and contrastive learning. We conclude by examining three critical elements for advancing robust, real-world decoding: the theoretical limitations of current methodologies, the structural value of subject identity, and the emergence of EEG foundation models.</p>","PeriodicalId":74582,"journal":{"name":"Progress in biomedical engineering (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical readiness of microwave imaging for breast cancer: a state-of-the-art review of current evidence and challenges.","authors":"Daniel Álvarez Sánchez-Bayuela, Teresa López-Brea Alarza, Rubén Giovanetti González, Cristina Romero Castellano","doi":"10.1088/2516-1091/ae637d","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2516-1091/ae637d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microwave breast imaging (MBI) is gaining attention as a promising, non-invasive modality for breast imaging, leveraging safe, low-power radiofrequency signals to eliminate ionizing radiation and compression related discomfort associated with mammography. Recent advancements in prototype systems have demonstrated potential in imaging breast tissues and detecting lesions, including cancer. Despite these encouraging results, clinical adoption of MBI faces significant challenges. This review examines recent advancements in MBI prototype developments, analyses the current evidence regarding its efficacy and diagnostic accuracy, and discusses challenges that impede its clinical adoption, including technological, regulatory, and economic barriers. Our synthesis aims to provide insights into the potential of MBI in transforming breast imaging practices and to outline pathways for further research and development toward clinical integration.</p>","PeriodicalId":74582,"journal":{"name":"Progress in biomedical engineering (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu Chu, Ali Naderi, Huaiyu Wu, Xiangming Xue, Michael L Oelze, Xiaoning Jiang
{"title":"Recent advances in transducers for through-tissue ultrasonic power transfer.","authors":"Yu Chu, Ali Naderi, Huaiyu Wu, Xiangming Xue, Michael L Oelze, Xiaoning Jiang","doi":"10.1088/2516-1091/ae5f8a","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2516-1091/ae5f8a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ultrasonic power transfer (UPT) is gaining traction for wireless energy delivery to implants and wearables because it combines centimeter-scale penetration with compact receivers. This review takes a transducer-centric view of UPT and organizes the field across bulk piezoelectrics (including lead-free options), piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers, capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers, flexible polymer platforms and magnetostrictive transducers. We connect working mechanisms and structural configurations to practical performance-operating frequency ranges, bandwidth, link efficiency and output power, and miniaturization trade-offs-and summarize representative demonstrations in biomedical systems. System-level considerations for integration (acoustic/electrical matching and rectification) and bidirectional links (including backscatter and active telemetry) are highlighted to show how a single acoustic carrier can deliver power and data through tissue. We conclude with challenges (attenuation and misalignment, materials reliability and packaging, and scaling to millimeter/sub-millimeter form factors) and opportunities that draw on materials innovations (metamaterials, lead-free ceramics, flexible polymers) and machine-learning-assisted co-design for robust, efficient through-tissue operation. Together, this transducer-focused synthesis provides a practical map from device physics and fabrication choices to system performance and emerging applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":74582,"journal":{"name":"Progress in biomedical engineering (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13150351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147694075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quantifying fractal and oscillatory components in neural signals for biomarker development.","authors":"Camillo Porcaro, Alessandra Bertoldo","doi":"10.1088/2516-1091/ae6003","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2516-1091/ae6003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neural activity encompasses both rhythmic oscillations and aperiodic background dynamics, reflecting complex brain function beyond traditional rhythm-centric views. The<i>aperiodic</i>component, once considered noise, is now recognised as a meaningful signal indicative of excitation-inhibition balance and intrinsic neural timescales. Here, we review advanced signal processing frameworks, including spectral parameterisation and burst detection algorithms, that disentangle these<i>periodic</i>and<i>aperiodic</i>components. We critically evaluate evidence suggesting that<i>aperiodic</i>parameters track neurodevelopment and serve as candidate biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinsonism. Furthermore, we highlight how neuroengineering interventions, such as deep brain stimulation and acupuncture, actively modulate these features. Crucially, we address the current methodological heterogeneity in the field, proposing a standardised<i>roadmap</i>for estimation to resolve conflicting interpretations. These findings underscore the complementary roles of oscillatory and aperiodic dynamics, offering novel avenues for closed-loop brain-computer interfaces and personalized neurotherapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":74582,"journal":{"name":"Progress in biomedical engineering (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147693946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}