Progress in biomedical engineering (Bristol, England)最新文献

{"title":"Novel aptamers targeting heparan sulfate for delivery of RNA therapeutics in Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Arshad Mehmood, Amir Zaman Shah, Jesus Alejandro Martinez Juarez, Xiaohui Liu, Hui Jiang, Xuemei Wang","doi":"10.1088/2516-1091/ae7eb9","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2516-1091/ae7eb9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans are abundant, sulfation-patterned glycosaminoglycans on brain cells and the neurovascular unit that interact with amyloid-<i>β</i>(A<i>β</i>) and tau, aggregate and propagate proteopathic species, and modulate cellular uptake pathways. Aptamers are short, chemically synthesized single-stranded nucleic acids that fold to form high-affinity ligands. Novel aptamers bind specific HS motifs for targeting ligands to deliver RNA therapeutics (siRNA, antisense oligonucleotides, mRNA, RNA aptamer-cargo hybrids) into the brain and diseased cells in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We cover diagnostic aptamers, systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) approaches adapted for glycans and HS, chemistry, optimization (AI/machine-learning-enabled design), novel therapeutic applications, delivery vehicles and conjugation strategies, catalytic aptamers/ribozymes, and challenges for clinical translation. We propose a workflow-<i>in silico</i>HS motif mapping and machine learning-guided sequence design through microfluidic/<i>in-vivo</i>SELEX, site-specific chemical modification for nuclease resistance and blood-brain barrier transcytosis, to scalable GMP manufacture. Aptamer-HS technology could enable the precision delivery of RNA therapeutics in AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":74582,"journal":{"name":"Progress in biomedical engineering (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148274252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A perspective on neuromechanical biomarkers for neurorehabilitation: towards reliable assessment in research and clinical practice.","authors":"Florencia Garro, Indya Ceroni, Andrea d'Avella, Marta Gandolla, Eleonora Guanziroli, Nerea Irastorza-Landa, Ander Ramos-Murguialday, Diego Torricelli, Marianna Semprini","doi":"10.1088/2516-1091/ae7e2c","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2516-1091/ae7e2c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effective neurorehabilitation necessitates a reliable assessment of the patient's sensorimotor status. Such assessment guides clinical decision-making and supports the evaluation of novel interventions. Yet, despite technological progress, it remains limited to clinical scales that are mostly based on subjective scoring systems and measurement protocols with poor reproducibility. Research on neuromechanical biomarkers-metrics of movement derived from kinematic, kinetic and physiological data-has demonstrated significant potential to advance towards more reliable assessment. However, their clinical validation and practical adoption remain limited, impeding the development of more objective, standardized, and clinically relevant measurement of movement. This article consolidates expert perspectives from a multidisciplinary workshop held at the 2024 International Conference on NeuroRehabilitation in La Granja (Spain), focusing on the development of reliable assessment tools useful in clinical practice. The emerging central topic is the urgent need for assessment tools that are grounded in validated measurements. To address this, we structure the discussion around three pillars:<i>standardization</i>, to ensure methodological consistency;<i>transferability</i>, to support generalization across populations and technologies; and<i>shareability</i>, to enable collaboration, validation, and scaling. For each pillar, we outline current challenges and potential steps towards them, proposing a roadmap for developing assessment frameworks that are suitable for real-world use.</p>","PeriodicalId":74582,"journal":{"name":"Progress in biomedical engineering (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148267340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lagrangian deformation tracking for strain imaging.","authors":"Tomy Varghese","doi":"10.1088/2516-1091/ae7eba","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2516-1091/ae7eba","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lagrangian strain imaging requires knowledge of the prior state of the deformation at its very core and can be accomplished if all three components of the displacement vector field can be accurately estimated. However, most ultrasound imaging is still performed along two-dimensional imaging planes, with the feasibility of computing both in plane displacement vectors (axial and lateral) key to Lagrangian deformation tracking and accumulation. Higher frame-rates can mitigate some of the impacts of out-of-plane motion in the elevational direction. Our group has been engaged in developing algorithms for Lagrangian deformation tracking and strain tensor imaging for carotid, cardiac and liver ablation imaging over the last two decades. Our algorithms currently implemented on a graphics processing unit estimate both axial and lateral displacement vectors accurately and with high spatial resolution using radiofrequency (RF) echo signals. We utilize a coarse-to-fine multilevel strategy and sinc-interpolation to both interpolate RF data at the final processing level for improved lateral displacement vector estimation and for accurate and unbiased sub-sample displacement estimation.</p>","PeriodicalId":74582,"journal":{"name":"Progress in biomedical engineering (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13599626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148274220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tissue metabolism: fundamentals and advanced instrumental assessment.","authors":"Viktor Dremin","doi":"10.1088/2516-1091/ae7861","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2516-1091/ae7861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tissue metabolism represents a complex, integrated system governing the energetic and plastic homeostasis of organs through the coordinated interaction of cellular biochemistry and systemic vascular supply. This review synthesises the fundamental concept of tissue metabolism, bridging various terminologies such as the microcirculatory-tissue system and perfusion-metabolic coupling, to emphasise its dual nature: intracellular metabolic pathways and substrate delivery via microcirculation. We detail the key stages of cellular energy metabolism (glycolysis, oxidative decarboxylation, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation), highlighting their plasticity and central role in health and disease. The critical importance of systemic support, particularly the function of the microcirculatory bed, is examined, including its regulatory rhythms. Further, we explore major pathological disruptions of tissue metabolism, including diabetes, mitochondrial dysfunction, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer metabolism (Warburg effect), ageing, and ischemia-hypoxia, underscoring the systemic consequences of metabolic imbalance. The second part provides a comprehensive overview of advanced instrumental methods for assessing tissue metabolism. A comparative analysis of radionuclide, magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, optical, and other techniques is presented, outlining their physical principles, measured parameters, spatial-temporal resolutions, key advantages, limitations, and primary applications. This methodological survey demonstrates the powerful, multimodal toolkit available for non-invasive, high-resolution investigation of metabolic processes from the molecular to the organ level, offering critical insights for both fundamental research and clinical diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":74582,"journal":{"name":"Progress in biomedical engineering (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148166044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the relevance of biosignal-controlled robotic rehabilitation technologies: a systematic review.","authors":"Vittorio Santoriello, Giuseppe Cesarelli, Fanny Ficuciello, Carmine Giugliano, Francesca Angelone, Michela Russo, Alfonso Maria Ponsiglione, Maria Romano","doi":"10.1088/2516-1091/ae7862","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2516-1091/ae7862","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Technology is transforming rehabilitative medicine by enhancing accessibility and personalisation. Robot-assisted rehabilitation uses robotic systems for recovery from physical and neurological impairments, enabling intensive, repetitive training with real-time feedback. These systems aim to restore motor function and mobility and to increase independence in daily life, needs that are growing in light of population ageing. Rather than revisiting control algorithms or mechanical design, this review aims to investigate the combined use of bio-signals and robotic rehabilitation systems, and to discuss their potential in rehabilitation settings outside disease-specific clinical frameworks. We reviewed studies published from 2020 through early 2025 to capture recent advances in this rapidly evolving field. Our objective was to assess the relevance of these technologies to rehabilitation outcomes, such as improvements in motor function or other clinical metrics. We considered robot-assisted systems driven by biosignals such as electromyography (EMG), electroencephalography, or electrocardiography and included only studies reporting measurable rehabilitative outcomes. Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched Scopus, PubMed, and WoS databases. Of 207 records screened, 15 met the inclusion criteria. Overall, the included studies suggest that contemporary biosignal-controlled robotic rehabilitation, particularly EMG-driven approaches, may support more intensive, personalised, and engaging therapy than conventional care alone, although the current evidence remains preliminary. Preliminary findings indicate that, by closing the loop among patient, device, and therapist, these systems may reduce muscle activity and support improvements in motor performance; however, the evidence base remains heterogeneous and generally underpowered. To support future clinical adoption, the field needs adequately sized, head-to-head trials with standardised outcome measures, longer follow-up, and transparent reporting of adherence, adverse events, user experience, and implementation barriers, including training and cost. These steps will be important to further assess efficacy and evaluate usability in real-world settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":74582,"journal":{"name":"Progress in biomedical engineering (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148166109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the lab: a review on neurophysiological mental states assessment in real-world settings.","authors":"Rossella Capotorto, Vincenzo Ronca, Gianluca Di Flumeri, Gianluca Borghini, Fabio Babiloni, Pietro Aricò","doi":"10.1088/2516-1091/ae7863","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2516-1091/ae7863","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent advancements in wearable, non-invasive neurophysiological sensors have increased interest in applying Human factors (HF) research beyond controlled laboratory settings. HF research aims to objectively quantify individuals' (alone or working in team) mental and emotional states to ensure safety, maintain good performances and prevent risks. These devices enable real time, unobtrusive monitoring of individuals in real-world environments, overcoming the limitations of traditional subjective assessments. Unlike self-reports, neurophysiological signals provide objective, real-time data, allowing for a more accurate and continuous understanding of mental states. This review examines the latest advancements over the past ten years in real-time monitoring of the most studied and operationally relevant mental states, including mental workload (MW), stress, attention, fatigue, drowsiness, and teamwork, by analyzing studies that contribute to research advancing toward real-world application direction. While wearable biosensors were used as one criterion for selecting studies, this review extends beyond device usage to explore crucial methodological aspects relevant to real-world applications, such as data quality, customized processing steps, and the robustness of results compared to traditional laboratory-grade devices. Thus, this review analyzes 123 articles exploring current advancements in real-time monitoring of MW, stress, attention, mental fatigue, drowsiness, and teamwork using wearable devices. The findings provide a comprehensive overview of methodology advancement toward real-time, objective individuals monitoring in real world settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":74582,"journal":{"name":"Progress in biomedical engineering (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148166114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancement of deep learning models with whole slide image in diagnosis, subtyping and prognosis for glioma.","authors":"Ke Gui, Qiong Li, Zongyu Xie, Tong Zhan, Xiaosheng Long, Guanyu Yang, Kun Luo, Hongde Liu","doi":"10.1088/2516-1091/ae7860","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2516-1091/ae7860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gliomas are heterogeneous primary central nervous system tumors with diverse molecular subtypes and variable prognosis. A paradigm shift in histopathology is underway as samples are digitized into whole-slide images (WSIs). Deep learning (DL) shows great potential for glioma diagnosis, subtyping, grading, and prognosis. This review summarizes recent advances in WSI-based DL models, covering data preprocessing, model architectures, and translational performance. Model evolution has progressed from CNNs (e.g. ResNet, capturing local features via convolution) to Transformers (e.g. Vision transformer, modeling global dependencies via self-attention), hybrid architectures, and large language model. Typical pipelines include quality control, stain normalization, patch extraction, feature integration, and prediction. Public datasets such as The Cancer Genome Atlas and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium serve as key resources. On various datasets (public and institutional), a glioma-specific model ResNet-50 achieved AUC 0.983 for subtype classification; a Vision Transformer model reached AUC 0.960 for molecular typing; a hybrid model, ROAM, attained AUC 0.990; and the pan-cancer hybrid model called CHIEF achieved AUC 0.9397 for diagnosis. Attention heatmaps and Shapley Additive exPlanations provide interpretability by linking model outputs to histologic regions. Novel multimodal fusion integrates genomic, proteomic, radiologic, and clinical data to enhance prediction and uncover biological relevance. Future research may focus on enhancing model generalizability and predictive accuracy via advanced architectures, developing lightweight models for resource-limited settings to facilitate clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":74582,"journal":{"name":"Progress in biomedical engineering (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148166087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging aptasensor approach for biomarkers relevant to cervical cancer: a critical review.","authors":"Swati Kumari, Sarika Wairkar","doi":"10.1088/2516-1091/ae6ffc","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2516-1091/ae6ffc","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cervical cancer remains a significant global health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where access to efficient and affordable screening methods is limited. Conventional diagnostic methods often have low sensitivity and specificity, are costly and invasive, limiting their widespread use. This creates an urgent need for an affordable, non-invasive, reliable diagnostic approach. Biomarker detection has become increasingly popular due to its less invasive and cost-effective nature. Among various platforms, aptamer-based biosensors or aptasensors have emerged as a promising diagnostic tool that offers high sensitivity, specificity, robustness, and portability at low cost, which makes them highly suitable for LMICs and point-of-care (POC) applications. This review critically explores both current and novel biomarkers associated with cervical cancer and their roles in carcinogenesis. While aptasensors have demonstrated utility in detecting markers such as carcinoma embryonic antigen, vascular endothelial growth factor, cancer antigen 125, HPV-16 E7, HPV-16 L1, miR-21 and protein tyrosine kinase 7, there is now an emerging development focus on aptasensor-based detection of biomarkers specific to cervical cancer, such as SCC antigen, YKL-40, high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1, CXCL13, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1, and p16INKa/ki-67. This review highlights cancer biomarkers relevant to cervical cancer, utilizing existing aptamer biosensing data to underscore their diagnostic potential and support earlier disease intervention strategies. Furthermore, multiplexed detection strategies enhance diagnostic specificity for cervical cancer and minimize reliance on technical expertise and advanced infrastructure. Overall, this review emphasizes the emerging role of aptamer-based biosensors in improving early detection and effective screening of cervical cancer, particularly in LMICs and POC settings, highlighting the need for further research to address current gaps in cervical cancer-specific aptamer biosensor development.</p>","PeriodicalId":74582,"journal":{"name":"Progress in biomedical engineering (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147977762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microgravity as a platform for cancer progression studies and stem-cell-based therapeutic innovation.","authors":"Vinod Nagarajan, Gopinathan Janarthanan, Sanjairaj Vijayavenkataraman","doi":"10.1088/2516-1091/ae716a","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2516-1091/ae716a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microgravity research has revealed significant alterations in cancer and stem cell biology with direct implications for therapeutic development. Cancer cells exposed to real or simulated microgravity undergo cytoskeletal disorganization, reduced adhesion, and spontaneous three-dimensional spheroid formation that closely mirrors<i>in vivo</i>tumor microenvironments, including hypoxia and drug resistance. These tumor models provide physiologically relevant systems for studying metastasis, therapeutic sensitivity, and tumor-stroma interactions. Simultaneously, microgravity modulates stem cell behavior, enhancing self-renewal, delaying differentiation, and improving secretory and immunomodulatory profiles. Stem cells cultured under microgravity conditions show modulated secretory and immunomodulatory profiles, including changes in regenerative and anti-inflammatory factors, which may influence tumor microenvironments and hold promise to support anti-tumor responses. Additionally, microgravity enables scaffold-free tissue modeling and reduces reliance on animal models in preclinical studies. Taken together, microgravity emerges as a powerful platform for developing stem-cell-based cancer therapies, enabling exosome engineering, secretome optimization, and immune effector generation. The integration of cancer and stem cell research in microgravity thus provides a translational framework for next-generation strategies in precision oncology and regenerative medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":74582,"journal":{"name":"Progress in biomedical engineering (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147990529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards deployable CRISPR-based nucleic acid detection.","authors":"Andrew Guo, Alexandra G Bell, Cameron Myhrvold","doi":"10.1088/2516-1091/ae6e0b","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2516-1091/ae6e0b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deployable diagnostics are necessary for the control and treatment of infectious diseases, with significant unmet needs revealed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nucleic acid diagnostics remain among the most sensitive and specific forms of detection, yet their reliance on laboratory equipment and trained personnel limits their deployment in resource limited settings. CRISPR-based diagnostics are uniquely positioned to enable rapid, affordable, and highly accurate nucleic acid testing at both the point-of-care and the point-of-need. In this review, we discuss advances toward deployable CRISPR-based diagnostics. We begin by examining innovations in sample processing methods, emphasizing strategies that reduce equipment requirements and enhance compatibility across diverse sample types and pathogens. We then explore developments in one-pot isothermal and amplification-free approaches, comparing the benefits and tradeoffs associated with each, as well as multiplexing strategies for simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens. Finally, we consider additional factors that impact assay deployability, including reagent lyophilization to minimize cold chain dependence and readout technologies that enable detection in resource-limited settings. We conclude by outlining remaining challenges and opportunities for future progress.</p>","PeriodicalId":74582,"journal":{"name":"Progress in biomedical engineering (Bristol, England)","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13227110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148145706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}