PNAS nexus最新文献_第9页

Correction to: Functional anisotropy of the elephant trunk skin: A biological blueprint for grasping, protection, and tactile sensing. 修正：象鼻皮肤的功能各向异性：抓取、保护和触觉感知的生物蓝图。

IF 4.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2026-07-30 eCollection Date: 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag260

引用次数: 0

Integrating multitemperature sample preparation with particle rebalancing addresses preferred orientation. 将多温度样品制备与颗粒再平衡相结合，解决了首选取向问题。

IF 4.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2026-07-29 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag262

Xin Su, Liuyan Yang, Caiying Zhang, Lei Qi, Mingdong Liu, Yunhui Liu, Peiyi Wang, Yong Li, Chunhui Li, Qing-Tao Shen, Jinzhong Lin

{"title":"Integrating multitemperature sample preparation with particle rebalancing addresses preferred orientation.","authors":"Xin Su, Liuyan Yang, Caiying Zhang, Lei Qi, Mingdong Liu, Yunhui Liu, Peiyi Wang, Yong Li, Chunhui Li, Qing-Tao Shen, Jinzhong Lin","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag262","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag262","url":null,"abstract":"Single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) often suffers from preferred orientation, which incurs particle misalignments and compromises reconstruction quality. While the use of detergents, modified grids, tilted data collection, and algorithmic corrections can partially mitigate this issue, these approaches are usually time-consuming and case dependent. Here, we present a facile and effective approach that modulates particle orientation by varying cryo-EM sample preparation temperatures. By merging thermophilic 70S ribosome datasets collected at different temperatures and applying a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction-based particle rebalancing strategy, we achieved improved reconstruction, as evidenced by smoother directional Fourier shell correlation (FSC) curves, higher 3D FSC sphericity, and narrower anisotropy transition zone in Fourier shell occupancy. We demonstrated the efficacy of this approach by determining the structure of γ-glutamylmethylamide synthetase, a protein complex prone to severe preferred orientation, ultimately obtaining a high-quality reconstruction. In all, our work integrates high-temperature sample preparation and particle rebalancing to address preferred orientation, holding potential for broad applicability in single-particle cryo-EM.","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"5 8","pages":"pgag262"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13447667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148690594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

ENaC phosphorylation facilitates ankyrin-3 interaction critical for renal sodium balance. ENaC磷酸化促进锚蛋白-3相互作用，对肾脏钠平衡至关重要。

IF 4.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2026-07-29 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag253

Tarek Mohamed Abd El-Aziz, Antonio G Soares, Elena Mironova, Crystal R Archer, Amr Setouhi, Brij B Singh, James D Stockand

{"title":"ENaC phosphorylation facilitates ankyrin-3 interaction critical for renal sodium balance.","authors":"Tarek Mohamed Abd El-Aziz, Antonio G Soares, Elena Mironova, Crystal R Archer, Amr Setouhi, Brij B Singh, James D Stockand","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag253","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag253","url":null,"abstract":"Kidneys play a pivotal role in long-term blood pressure regulation by controlling extracellular fluid volume through renal salt reabsorption. Discretionary control of the Epithelial Na+ Channel, ENaC, is the final step in fine-tuning renal Na+ excretion. Consequently, gain-of-function mutations in ENaC result in hypertension caused by inappropriate retention of Na+, whereas loss-of-function of this channel causes abnormal renal salt wasting. Thus, understanding how ENaC activity is regulated is important for a complete understanding of the molecular origins of hypertension. Our data show that casein kinase 2 (CK2) phosphorylates β-ENaC at a conserved motif homologous to the CK2 site in Nav1.2 and KCNQ channels, where phosphorylation controls ankyrin-3 (Ank-3) binding and channel membrane localization. In addition, CK2-dependent phosphorylation of β-ENaC is required for Ank-3 binding, which stabilizes ENaC at the apical membrane, sustains channel activity, and thereby ensures appropriate renal Na+ excretion. Using structure-guided mutagenesis of the β-ENaC C-terminus combined with advanced live-cell imaging (TIRF-FRAP, FRET) and patch-clamp electrophysiology, we found that mutation of the CK2 consensus site or disruption of the Ank-3-binding motif abolishes ENaC surface mobility and suppresses macroscopic current density. Principal cell-specific deletion of CK2 or Ank-3, or pharmacologic CK2 inhibition, eliminates ENaC activity in native collecting ducts and drives markedly accelerated urinary sodium loss in vivo. These results identify CK2-dependent Ank-3 scaffolding as an essential post-translational mechanism that maintains ENaC at the apical membrane and sustains renal Na+ reabsorption, thereby presenting a potential new targetable regulatory pathway with implications for sodium homeostasis and blood pressure control.","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"5 8","pages":"pgag253"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13447671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148690579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Disclosing the costs of co-holding liquid assets and high-interest debt has limited impact on behavior. 披露共同持有流动资产和高息债务的成本对行为的影响有限。

IF 4.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2026-07-28 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag256

Rafael M Batista, Ella Mao, Abigail B Sussman, Neale Mahoney, Jessica Min

{"title":"Disclosing the costs of co-holding liquid assets and high-interest debt has limited impact on behavior.","authors":"Rafael M Batista, Ella Mao, Abigail B Sussman, Neale Mahoney, Jessica Min","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag256","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag256","url":null,"abstract":"Why do consumers simultaneously maintain low-yield liquid assets and high-interest revolving debt? This behavior, known as \"co-holding,\" affects 23% of credit card users in our sample from a major international bank and costs the typical co-holder hundreds of dollars annually in unnecessary interest charges. Our analysis of 38 months of detailed banking records reveals that co-holding is remarkably persistent, with typical co-holders maintaining this behavior for most months observed. Our analysis also reveals that co-holding is not a static financial position: co-holders regularly deposit and withdraw from asset accounts while simultaneously making new credit card purchases. To test whether co-holding could be addressed through information disclosure, we conducted a large-scale field experiment ( <math><mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>125</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>328</mn></math> ), providing clear information about co-holding behavior and its costs. Customers received targeted messages through their bank's mobile app, where they could easily transfer money from assets to pay down debt. Despite sufficient power to detect economically small effects, we found no meaningful changes in debt repayment amount, though customers did respond in other ways-making more frequent repayments and paying above required minimums. These results challenge explanations based on limited attention or information gaps and suggest that simple information disclosure, even when carefully designed and delivered through trusted channels, may not effectively address costly financial behaviors.","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"5 8","pages":"pgag256"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13436428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148674862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nanotubes enable intercellular communication in early-branching eukaryotes. 在早期分支真核生物中，纳米管使细胞间通信成为可能。

IF 4.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2026-07-28 eCollection Date: 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag238

Harikumar R Suma, Robert R Kay, Sandeep M Eswarappa, Pierre Stallforth

{"title":"Nanotubes enable intercellular communication in early-branching eukaryotes.","authors":"Harikumar R Suma, Robert R Kay, Sandeep M Eswarappa, Pierre Stallforth","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag238","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag238","url":null,"abstract":"Social amoebae, despite being unicellular organisms, exhibit multicellular phenotypes that require well-tuned inter- and intracellular communication modes. The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum is an excellent model to study multicellularity and metazoan cell signaling. While communication based on secreted small molecules has been described, juxtacrine connections were so far an unexplored intercellular communication mechanism in amoebae. Using fluorescence labeling and confocal microscopy, we identified de novo formation of tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) in amoebae. Live cell imaging revealed that these nanotubes are actin-rich protrusions that facilitate cargo transport by enabling membrane continuity between the connected cells. The identification of nanotubes in different amoebal species highlights the relevance of these protrusions within natural microbial communities since they act as a complementary mechanism for the transfer of essential cellular cargo. Remarkably, TNT-mediated connectivity persists under conditions that perturb cytoskeletal dynamics, indicating that nanotube-based communication is robust and adaptable. TNTs represent a novel juxtacrine communication machinery that promotes cell-to-cell communication and coordination in early eukaryotes and could play a key role in the emergence of multicellularity.","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"5 7","pages":"pgag238"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13410376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148623038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Life on the edge: Mesolithic population size and viability on Malta. 边缘的生活：马耳他的中石器时代人口规模和生存能力。

IF 4.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2026-07-28 eCollection Date: 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag234

James Blinkhorn, Lucy Timbrell, Matt Grove, Andrea Manica, Mario Mata-González, Huw S Groucutt, Nicholas C Vella, Eleanor M L Scerri

{"title":"Life on the edge: Mesolithic population size and viability on Malta.","authors":"James Blinkhorn, Lucy Timbrell, Matt Grove, Andrea Manica, Mario Mata-González, Huw S Groucutt, Nicholas C Vella, Eleanor M L Scerri","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag234","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag234","url":null,"abstract":"Recent discoveries in Malta and Tunisia provocatively point to a possible web of Mesolithic/Epipalaeolithic sea crossings, encounters, and exchanges that linked continents long before the age of the sail. Determining whether such connections were singular events or sustained episodes is therefore critical to illuminate the scale and character of early seafaring. Here, we model how patterns of sea-level change impacted land connectivity between Sicily and Malta and predict potential population sizes through time from the Last Glacial Maximum to evaluate whether Mesolithic hunter-gatherers could have persisted on Malta, or if sustained connections would have been required. To achieve this, we use reconstructions of sea-level change and modern bathymetric models to evaluate changes in land size areas and connectivity. We calculate net primary productivity values for a high-resolution paleoclimate dataset, which we translate to population density by comparisons to ethnographic datasets. Finally, we calculate changes in estimated population sizes through time for Malta and Sicily, as well as minimum distances of sea voyages. Our results show that following disconnection from Sicily, Malta would have been unable to support a viable, persistent forager population, including for the minimum 1000-year timespan of the Maltese Mesolithic record. As a result, only repeated, long-distance sea voyaging can explain the longevity of Mesolithic occupations of Malta, opening up the possibility that other south-central Mediterranean islands were reached and explaining the presence of European hunter-gatherer ancestry in North Africa.","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"5 7","pages":"pgag234"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13410373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148622963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intermittent fasting rewires tissue-specific gene-transposable element regulatory networks. 间歇性禁食重新连接组织特异性基因转座元件调控网络。

IF 4.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2026-07-27 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag254

Xiangru Cheng, Yibo Fan, Xiangyuan Peng, Nishat I Tabassum, Dong-Gyu Jo, Terrance G Johns, Sureshkumar Balasubramanian, Sridevi Sureshkumar, Thiruma V Arumugam

{"title":"Intermittent fasting rewires tissue-specific gene-transposable element regulatory networks.","authors":"Xiangru Cheng, Yibo Fan, Xiangyuan Peng, Nishat I Tabassum, Dong-Gyu Jo, Terrance G Johns, Sureshkumar Balasubramanian, Sridevi Sureshkumar, Thiruma V Arumugam","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag254","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag254","url":null,"abstract":"Intermittent fasting (IF) is a dietary intervention known to promote systemic health benefits, yet its impact on genome-wide transcriptional regulatory networks, particularly those involving transposable elements (TEs), remains poorly understood. This study investigates the multitissue transcriptomic response to chronic IF in mice, focusing on TE regulation and its integration with host gene networks. We subjected C57BL/6 mice to 16 h of daily fasting for 4 months and performed RNA-seq on liver, skeletal muscle, and cortex tissues. Using locus-specific TE quantification, we found that IF induces profound, tissue-specific changes in TE expression, with the liver showing the strongest response (5,359 differentially expressed TEs), followed by skeletal muscle (620), while minimal changes were observed in the cortex. Integrated co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) in the liver and muscle revealed IF-responsive TEs that co-vary with nearby genes, forming distinct co-expression modules. Functional enrichment of genes proximal to co-expressed TEs within these modules highlighted clear tissue-specific regulatory programs. In the liver, the enriched terms were predominantly associated with translation and metabolism, whereas in skeletal muscle, the enriched pathways were involved in muscle contraction, mitochondrial organization, and chromatin modification. Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed strong, significant co-expression between TEs and their proximal genes within these modules, suggesting that TEs may exert potential cis-regulatory effects on adjacent genes. Taken together, our results provide a high-resolution atlas of TE regulation under IF and demonstrate that TEs are integral components of tissue-specific transcriptional networks reshaped by fasting. These findings offer new insights into how dietary interventions influence gene regulatory systems.","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"5 8","pages":"pgag254"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13436429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148674881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hot temperature during development alters iridescence in Morpho butterflies. 发育期的高温会改变大闪蝶的虹彩。

IF 4.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2026-07-23 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag243

Juliette J Rubin, Leo T Camino, Yanileth F López-Tacoaman, Pushkar R Wagh, Greta C Hernández Campos, W Owen McMillan

{"title":"Hot temperature during development alters iridescence in Morpho butterflies.","authors":"Juliette J Rubin, Leo T Camino, Yanileth F López-Tacoaman, Pushkar R Wagh, Greta C Hernández Campos, W Owen McMillan","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag243","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag243","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental temperature during critical stages of development can define the phenotype of an individual, especially for ectotherms. Color is a particularly biologically important phenotypically plastic trait but has been primarily studied in the context of pigmentary, rather than structural, coloration. In Morpho butterflies (Nymphalidae), structural coloration created by nanostructures on the wing scales leads to their striking blue iridescent effect. We reared Morpho helenor larvae and exposed the pupae to three temperature regimes during development: control tropics, temperate cool, and hot house, with hotter temperatures simulating those predicted under a future climate change scenario. We hypothesized that the hot house treatment would be the most disruptive to iridescence. In support of this hypothesis, hot conditions reduced the brightness of adult butterfly wings and altered the color profile enough that they would look different from control butterflies to bird predators and conspecifics. For certain bird perceivers, hot conditions would obliterate the iridescent effect entirely. The mechanism underlying these shifts appears to be, at least in part, driven by a decrease in the gap between nanostructures on the wing scale and consequent narrowing of the entire scale. Our study highlights the ways in which structural color is alternately vulnerable or robust to environmental temperature during development. From this work, we can glean insight into the environments that would be most supportive of iridescence in tropical butterflies and make predictions about the effects that changing climate regimes will have on the diversity of some of the earth's most dazzling organisms.","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"5 8","pages":"pgag243"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13430421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148671467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Finite-stage nonreciprocal thermal circulators for radiative energy harvesting: Benchmarks for isolation, termination, and etendue. 用于辐射能量收集的有限级非互反热循环器：隔离、终止和终止的基准。

IF 4.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2026-07-21 eCollection Date: 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag249

Seungwoo Lee

{"title":"Finite-stage nonreciprocal thermal circulators for radiative energy harvesting: Benchmarks for isolation, termination, and etendue.","authors":"Seungwoo Lee","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag249","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag249","url":null,"abstract":"Reaching the Landsberg limit for radiative energy conversion requires controlling not only spectra but also the direction in which radiative entropy is transported. We develop a finite-stage nonreciprocal thermal-circulator framework for positive illumination (solar conversion) and negative illumination (radiative-cooling work extraction). The ideal theory is expressed in terms of open-system exergy and a minimal port-network picture: a three-port circulator with a cold termination acts as a two-port thermal isolator, and cascaded isolators enforce directed adjacency between effective photon reservoirs. In response to the central practical limitation of nonreciprocal radiative cooling, emphasized recently by Liu et al. we recast the problem as a benchmark map rather than a claim of immediate device-level cooling enhancement. The reported work output values (in unit of W m-2) are hemispherical-equivalent upper envelopes; experimentally relevant output is reduced by captured free-space etendue, coupling efficiency, finite isolation ratio, finite termination temperature, atmospheric transmission, and out-of-window loss. We therefore introduce explicit sensitivity factors for isolation, termination, and captured etendue and ask how good a nonreciprocal system must be before the finite-stage advantage remains measurable. Finite-stage calculations give temperature and wavelength targets for 3-5 stages, while the practical benchmark identifies the isolation, termination, and coupling requirements needed to make those targets consequential. This formulation links ideal Landsberg-type limits to testable design requirements for nonreciprocal thermal photonics.","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"5 7","pages":"pgag249"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13419078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148623027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction to: Nudging recommendation algorithms increases news consumption and diversity on YouTube. 更正：推动推荐算法增加了YouTube上的新闻消费和多样性。

IF 4.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2026-07-21 eCollection Date: 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag241

引用次数: 0