PNAS nexus最新文献

{"title":"American Life in Realtime: Benchmark, publicly available person-generated health data for equity in precision health.","authors":"Ritika R Chaturvedi, Marco Angrisani, Wendy M Troxel, Monika Jain, Tania Gutsche, Eva Ortega, Adrien Boch, Citina Liang, Shiyang Sima, Aziz Mezlini, Eric J Daza, Miad Boodaghidizaji, Sze-Chuan Suen, Alok R Chaturvedi, Hossein Ghasemkhani, Arezoo M Ardekani, Arie Kapteyn","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Person-generated health data (PGHD) from smartphones/wearables are invaluable for precision health, a field promoting health equity through tailored disease prevention, detection, and intervention strategies. However, pervasive convenience sampling in extant PGHD research introduces selection biases that systematically underrepresent disadvantaged groups, limit model generalizability, and risk exacerbating health disparities. Benchmark PGHD (representative, validated, longitudinal, and frequently repeated) are urgently needed to support model equity. To address this fieldwide limitation, we established American Life in Realtime (ALiR), a longitudinal population health study involving PGHD collected from a probability-based, nationally representative cohort using study-provided Fitbits and (as needed) 4G tablets. As a result, ALiR's 1,038 participants are broadly representative across comprehensive sociodemographic, behavioral, and health-related US population norms, overcoming disparities in established convenience samples (e.g. NIH's <i>All of Us</i>; <i>AoU</i>). Only two sources of differential enrollment remained: older age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.27, 99% CI: 1.12-1.45) during consent, lower education (OR: 0.86, 99% CI: 0.79-0.94) during enrollment, though oversampling individuals without bachelor's degrees sufficiently counterbalanced the latter. An illustrative coronavirus disease 2019 classification model-chosen for global significance, known disparities in experience and outcomes, and methodological relevance-trained using ALiR performed equivalently when tested in sample (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.79-0.89) and out of sample on <i>AoU</i> (AUC = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.78-0.89) overall, and in historically underserved subgroups (AUC = 0.82-1.0). Conversely, an identically trained classification model using <i>AoU</i> underperformed by 35% out of sample on ALiR (overall AUC = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.61-0.75 vs. AUC = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.91-0.96 in sample), with worse performance in older female and non-White subgroups (by 22-40%). Our results suggest that probability sampling and hardware provisioning enabled cohort inclusivity and generalizable model performance, supporting ALiR's benchmarking potential for equitable recruitment, PGHD collection, and precision health application.</p>","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"4 10","pages":"pgaf295"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12501968/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145254029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Commonly observed sex differences in direct aggression are absent or reversed in sibling contexts.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf239.].</p>","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"4 9","pages":"pgaf293"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12481189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body maps of the sensation of musical groove.","authors":"Maria A G Witek, Tomas E Matthews, Toni A Bechtold, Virginia Penhune","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rhythmic music often leads to an urge to move the body in time with the music. This urge to move can be a pleasurable experience. In psychology, we define the pleasurable wanting to move to music as groove. Here, we investigate where in the body these two groove components-movement and pleasure-are felt and whether the embodied sensations depend on the musical genre. Using a body sensation map paradigm, we found that the funk genre, which elicited high levels of groove, increased sensations across the whole body, including in the head, shoulders, upper chest, abdomen, arms, hands, hips, legs, and feet. Importantly, wanting to move and pleasure produced distinct body maps, with wanting to move associated with more sensation in the extremities and pleasure more associated with feelings in the chest and abdomen. Exploratory analyses also found an inverted U-shaped relationship between wanting to move and pleasure ratings and the rhythmic complexity of the excerpts, as indexed by pulse entropy, and that medium pulse entropy produced sensations in the upper chest, shoulders, hips, and ankles. The results are discussed in relation to theories of embodied predictive processing, highlighting the potential role of interoception in musical prediction and reward. Overall, our study shows clear patterns of embodied differentiation for different components and levels of groove.</p>","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"4 10","pages":"pgaf306"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145254025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Cocaine diminishes functional network robustness and destabilizes the energy landscape of neuronal activity in the medial prefrontal cortex.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae092.].</p>","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"4 9","pages":"pgaf257"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12459254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145152330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient mathematical methodology to determine multistep mutant burden in spatially growing cell populations.","authors":"Natalia L Komarova, Justin R Pritchard, Dominik Wodarz","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf271","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The accurate computational prediction of mutant burden in spatially structured growing cell populations is a major goal both for basic evolutionary science, such as interpreting bacterial evolution studies, and for clinical applications, such as predicting the timing of drug resistance-induced cancer relapse for individual patients. Yet, this is currently not feasible for biologically realistic parameters, due to the inefficiency of computationally simulating stochastic mutant dynamics in large populations. Here, we fill this gap by deriving universal scaling laws that allow the straightforward prediction of the number of single-hit, double-hit, and multihit mutants as a function of wild-type population size in spatially expanding populations, in different spatial geometries, without the need to perform lengthy computer simulations. We demonstrate the applicability of this approach by reconciling different results from experimental evolution studies in bacteria that examine the role of gene amplifications for the rate of evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"4 9","pages":"pgaf271"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12455592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145139784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benefits of clean air for school children's vision health.","authors":"Xi Chen, Yuqing Dai, Ruihua Wei, Bei Du, Congchao Lu, A Robert MacKenzie, Nai-Jun Tang, Zongbo Shi, Hua Yan","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf279","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myopia has become a significant public health concern among school-aged children in East Asia. A growing body of evidence acknowledges the multifactorial nature of myopia, including genetic susceptibility, lifestyle habits, and environmental influences. However, the specific role of air quality on vision remains poorly understood due to many confounding variables. Here, we applied an explainable machine learning framework with a large multifactorial cohort to identify key drivers of uncorrected visual acuity and to quantify the potential vision benefits of cleaner air in nearly 30,000 school-aged children. We show that, after controlling for potential confounders, lower ambient nitrogen dioxide and fine particles levels are independently associated with better vision. Primary school students and children with mild-to-moderate myopia benefit more from cleaner air than highly myopic or senior school students. These findings reinforce the emerging view that air pollution plays a significant and modifiable role in visual development. Importantly, our results uniquely indicate that early interventions to reduce air pollution exposure for younger children could yield greater benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"4 9","pages":"pgaf279"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12455593/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145139725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mindfulness meditation reduces symptoms and modulates neural circuitry in comorbid internet gaming disorder and depression.","authors":"Xin Luo, Huabin Wang, Xuefeng Xu, Meiting Wei, Haosen Ni, Shuang Li, Chang Liu, Xiaolan Song, Marc N Potenza, Guang-Heng Dong","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf277","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Internet gaming disorder (IGD) frequently co-occurs with depression. IGD and depression have overlapping and distinct biological and psychological substrates. Mindfulness meditation (MM) has demonstrated efficacy in treating IGD and depression separately. However, its efficacy in treating concurrent IGD and depression and the possible brain mechanisms remain largely unknown. Seventy individuals with co-occurring IGD and depression were recruited. Fifty-nine (32 receiving MM and 27 receiving progressive muscle relaxation [PMR]) completed experimental procedures including pre- and posttests (cue-craving task) and eight-session MM or PMR. Behavioral and brain measures were compared using ANOVAs. Functional connectivity (FC) was assessed among survived brain regions to explore brain coupling changes associated with MM. Relative to the PMR, MM demonstrated decreased gaming and depression severity. MM was associated with decreased bilateral brain activations in the medial frontal gyrus (MFG) and parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) and increased brain activation in the left lentiform when facing gaming cues. Increased FC between the MFG and PHG, and decreased FC between the PHG and lentiform were observed following MM. PMR was associated with similar effects less robustly. MM could be an efficacious treatment strategy for individuals with co-occurring IGD and depression. MM was associated with decreased brain responses previously implicated in executive control and gaming craving and decreased coupling between regions implicated in reward processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"4 9","pages":"pgaf277"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12455597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145139736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of frustrations in cell reprogramming.","authors":"Yuxiang Yao, Jieying Zhu, Wenfei Li, Duanqing Pei","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf303","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cell fate transition is a fundamental characteristic of living organisms. By introducing external perturbations, it is possible to artificially intervene in cell fate and trigger cell reprogramming. Revealing the general principle underlying the induced phenotypic reshaping of cell populations remains a central focus in the field of cell biology. In this study, we investigate the energetic and dynamic features of induced cell phenotypic transition from differentiated somatic state to pluripotent state by constructing a Boolean genetic network model. The simulation and experimental results highlight the critical role of genetic frustration in initiating cell fate transitions, although the two ending phenotypic states are typically featured by minimal frustration. In addition, the altered gene expression profiles exhibit a scale-free distribution, suggesting that there exist a small number of critical genes responsible for the cell fate transition. This study provides important insights into the dynamic principles governing effective cell reprogramming caused by artificial or exogenous interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"4 10","pages":"pgaf303"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12487780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145214713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hotspot model shows how location-based superspreading accelerates and reshapes epidemics.","authors":"Brendan Wallace, Dobromir Dimitrov, Laurent Hébert-Dufresne, Andrew M Berdahl","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf299","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During outbreaks of many diseases, a small number of infected individuals are responsible for a disproportionately large number of new infections in what are called superspreading events (SSEs). SSEs broadly fall into four categories: (i) a single individual is more infectious due to biological differences in their infection or (ii) their greater degree of social connection; or (iii) the disease spreads more readily in certain high-risk facilities or (iv) \"opportunistic\" situations such as large gatherings. Existing modeling approaches work well to understand the first two of these but are not well suited to describe the dynamics in the latter two. Here, we introduce a simple agent-based model which captures the essential features of disease spreading more readily at high-risk locations or gatherings, which we call \"hotspots.\" In our model, disease spreads and people recover as in a standard Susceptible, Infected, Recovered model, but agents are also characterized by individual probability of visiting the hotspot where disease spreads much more readily, providing an additional risk structure to the population. We use this model to investigate how an outbreak's probability, peak, and final size all vary under different risk heterogeneity assumptions. We show how some particular distributions of risk-taking behavior across the population heighten these effects. We complement our simulations with analytic results that provide theoretical bases for all of our numerical results and allow for robust interpretation and prediction.</p>","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"4 9","pages":"pgaf299"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12481239/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A theory of cerebellar learning as spike-based reinforcement learning in continuous time and space.","authors":"Rin Kuriyama, Hideyuki Yoshimura, Tadashi Yamazaki","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf302","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cerebellum has been considered to perform error-based supervised learning via long-term depression (LTD) at synapses between parallel fibers and Purkinje cells (PCs). Since the discovery of multiple synaptic plasticity other than LTD, recent studies have suggested that synergistic plasticity mechanisms could enhance the learning capability of the cerebellum. Indeed, we have proposed a concept of cerebellar learning as a reinforcement learning (RL) machine. However, there is still a gap between the conceptual algorithm and its detailed implementation. To close this gap, in this research, we implemented a cerebellar spiking network as an RL model in continuous time and space, based on known anatomical properties of the cerebellum. We confirmed that our model successfully learned a state value and solved the mountain car task, a simple RL benchmark. Furthermore, our model demonstrated the ability to solve the delay eyeblink conditioning task using biologically plausible internal dynamics. Our research provides a solid foundation for cerebellar RL theory that challenges the classical view of the cerebellum as primarily a supervised learning machine.</p>","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"4 10","pages":"pgaf302"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12483077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}