PNAS nexus最新文献

Political breakups: Interpersonal consequences of polarization. 政治分裂：两极分化的人际后果。

IF 3.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2026-05-05 eCollection Date: 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag067

Mertcan Güngör, Peter H Ditto

{"title":"Political breakups: Interpersonal consequences of polarization.","authors":"Mertcan Güngör, Peter H Ditto","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag067","url":null,"abstract":"We explored the phenomenon of \"political breakups,\" i.e. losing relationships with friends, family members, romantic partners, or others due to political differences. We studied the conditions surrounding political breakups in the United States across four datasets (combined n = 3,791) and supplemented our findings using a proxy measure from the American National Election Studies. In a survey we conducted in April 2025, we found that 37% of Americans reported having had a political breakup, mostly with friends. The prevalence of breakups in the United States appears to have increased since 2016, although evidence is limited. Across all datasets, Democrats were more likely to have experienced a breakup compared with Republicans and were usually the initiator. Political breakups were associated with increased partisan hostility, above and beyond strength of partisanship: Those who reported breakups had more negative feelings toward their political opponents (especially voters rather than party elites), perceived them as more extreme, and ascribed selfish views to them. We discuss potential causes and call for more research on this phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"5 5","pages":"pgag067"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13139740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147847182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Harnessing mmWave signals and machine learning for noninvasive taxonomic classification of insects. 利用毫米波信号和机器学习对昆虫进行无创分类。

IF 3.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2026-04-28 eCollection Date: 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag096

Linta Antony, Cian White, Nicola Marchetti, Ian Donohue, Jane Catherine Stout, Adam Narbudowicz

{"title":"Harnessing mmWave signals and machine learning for noninvasive taxonomic classification of insects.","authors":"Linta Antony, Cian White, Nicola Marchetti, Ian Donohue, Jane Catherine Stout, Adam Narbudowicz","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag096","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring insect biodiversity at sufficiently high resolutions in space and time is crucial to underpin robust and responsive management of terrestrial ecosystems. This study presents a novel approach for taxonomic classification of individual pollinating insects using millimeter-wave (mmWave) signal technology and a hierarchical machine learning (ML) framework. Although ML-based species identification has been proposed for image systems, its application to monitoring and classification of insects remains limited, due to high susceptibility to poor image quality and varying light conditions. The potential of mmWave systems to exploit ML for insect species recognition remains largely unexplored, however. mmWave radar offers access to biomechanical characteristics that are not visible to the human eye or cameras. These characteristics are encoded in the harmonic patterns generated by insect wingbeats and reflected in the radar signal. Here, we systematically explore signal features associated with wing flapping and employ SHapley Additive exPlanations analysis to identify the most discriminative features contributing to classification performance. A hierarchical ML model was developed and achieved an accuracy of 85% in classifying five key pollinator species. Given the growing integration of mmWave systems in communication infrastructure, this method offers a scalable, cost-effective, and contactless solution for high-resolution monitoring of insect biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"5 4","pages":"pgag096"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The root rhizosphere as a functional analog to the gut microbiome: Cases for microbial symbiosis and dysbiosis in parallel contexts. 根际作为肠道微生物组的功能模拟物：平行环境下微生物共生和生态失调的案例。

IF 3.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2026-04-25 eCollection Date: 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag132

C Ryan Penton, Gupta Vadakattu

{"title":"The root rhizosphere as a functional analog to the gut microbiome: Cases for microbial symbiosis and dysbiosis in parallel contexts.","authors":"C Ryan Penton, Gupta Vadakattu","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag132","url":null,"abstract":"Microbiomes associated with both the human gut and plant root rhizosphere are essential for the maintenance of host health and function as holobionts where both the host and microbiome operate as an integrated unit. Though substantial differences exist in both host biology and environment, these systems share functional parallels: both are enriched by host-derived nutrients, undergo successional shifts during development, and maintain core microbiomes that are taxonomically variable yet functionally redundant. Central to both systems is the balance that is maintained where beneficial microbes regulate nutrient cycling, modulate host immune response, and suppress pathogens in the presence of biotic and abiotic influences that may serve to disrupt this equilibrium. When dysbiosis occurs, there is a disruption in the composition and/or function of the associated microbiome and a loss of beneficial functional guilds, which results in a reduction in host fitness. These shared dynamics underscore dysbiosis as a cross-kingdom pathology that may be treated with similar interventions. Probiotics and prebiotics mirror microbial inoculants and organic amendments; synbiotics incorporate both biotic and abiotic factors, while fecal and soil microbiome transplants represent parallel strategies to restore a beneficial microbiome. By framing dysbiosis within a \"One Health\" perspective and illustrating the connectedness between human and plant health, this review advocates for microbial stewardship as a unifying strategy to mitigate disease, enhance resilience, and ensure sustainable health across both systems.","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"5 5","pages":"pgag132"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13148648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147847225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction to: Spatiotemporal predictions of toxic urban plumes using deep learning. 修正：利用深度学习对有毒城市烟雾的时空预测。

IF 3.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2026-04-24 eCollection Date: 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag064

引用次数: 0

GSP Cochlea: A graph signal processing approach for studying sound encoding. GSP耳蜗：一种研究声音编码的图信号处理方法。

IF 3.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2026-04-21 eCollection Date: 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag134

Melia E Bonomo, Santiago Segarra, Robert M Raphael

引用次数: 0

Improving science literacy in the newsroom: Experimental evidence. 提高新闻编辑室的科学素养：实验证据。

IF 3.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2026-04-21 eCollection Date: 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag099

Lara Marie Berger, Anna Kerkhof, Nikola Noske

引用次数: 0

Turing complete Navier-Stokes steady states via cosymplectic geometry. 利用余辛几何图灵完备的纳维-斯托克斯稳态。

IF 3.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2026-04-17 eCollection Date: 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag131

Søren Dyhr, Ángel González-Prieto, Eva Miranda, Daniel Peralta-Salas

引用次数: 0

The green spark of partial reform: Evidence from China's electricity market experiment. 局部改革的绿色火花：来自中国电力市场试验的证据。

IF 3.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2026-04-17 eCollection Date: 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag100

Xinya Hao, Ao Sun, Feng Song, Huanhuan Zheng, Lin Zhang

{"title":"The green spark of partial reform: Evidence from China's electricity market experiment.","authors":"Xinya Hao, Ao Sun, Feng Song, Huanhuan Zheng, Lin Zhang","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag100","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag100","url":null,"abstract":"Can incremental market reforms stimulate clean energy transitions in coal-dependent systems? China's electricity spot market pilot in Guangdong, which is a regulated experiment in partial liberalization, reveals how even limited market exposure can spark systemic transformation. Leveraging quarter-hourly, unit-level generation data, and a novel causal inference approach, we demonstrate that the implementation of market mechanisms decreased coal-fired power output by 6.6% while increasing renewable utilization and system flexibility reserves. The \"green spark\" originated from two mechanisms: (i) exposing cost structure differences between inflexible coal units and near-zero-marginal-cost renewables and (ii) reducing renewable curtailment through market-driven dispatch. However, the reform's decarbonization potential was partially offset by an increasing dependence on gas-fired and small coal units for flexibility. While partial marketization can drive energy transitions, legislative safeguards are needed to address flexibility gaps. These insights guide developing economies in accelerating renewable adoption through incremental institutional innovation.","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"5 4","pages":"pgag100"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13089487/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147724179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cell factories that manufacture microvesicles containing gene silencing RNA prodrugs. 制造含有基因沉默RNA前药的微囊泡的细胞工厂。

IF 3.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2026-04-17 eCollection Date: 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag121

Yanan Feng, Weijing Xu, Ning Deng, Jing Jin, Xiaohong Tang, Jaishree Garhyan, Stanley N Cohen

{"title":"Cell factories that manufacture microvesicles containing gene silencing RNA prodrugs.","authors":"Yanan Feng, Weijing Xu, Ning Deng, Jing Jin, Xiaohong Tang, Jaishree Garhyan, Stanley N Cohen","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag121","url":null,"abstract":"Among the vehicles investigated as delivery agents for antisense RNAs are extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from cultured cells. Arrestin domain-containing 1 (ARRDC1)-mediated microvesicles (ARMMs) are naturally occurring EVs that uniquely are formed by outward budding of cytoplasmic membranes. Previous work has shown that ARMMs production is quantitatively controlled by the ARRDC1 protein and that ARRDC1 and macromolecules attached to it are loaded into nascent ARMMs during ARMM formation. Here, we report a strategy for constructing cell factories that biologically manufacture both ARMMs and short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-like antisense RNA precursors, designated as shT-RNAs. Human HEK293T cells mutated in the endoribonuclease DICER1 were engineered to express a fusion protein containing components of ARRDC1 and the trans-activator of transcription (Tat) peptide encoded by the HIV-1 virus. Prodrug RNAs were constructed by replacing the canonical loop regions of shRNAs with a 24-nucleotide segment derived from the Tat-binding trans-activation response (TAR) element. We show that a truncated TAR sequence embedded within the structural framework of shT-RNAs enables their linkage to the ARRDC1-Tat fusion protein and consequent loading of the RNAs into nascent ARMMs, and that RNA is protected by ARMMs membranes from attack by external ribonucleases. We further show that prodrug modules consisting of shT-RNAs that target different genomic sequences of SARS-CoV-2 virus and are manufactured as components of a single transcript can, when delivered by ARMMs, be activated to suppress virus RNA production. Our results indicate that the ARMMs-based platform we have designed can deliver gene-silencing RNAs in the form of biologically produced shRNA-like prodrugs.","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"5 5","pages":"pgag121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13148645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147847218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A phage repressor involved in the DNA-damage response of Francisella. 参与弗朗西斯菌dna损伤反应的噬菌体抑制因子。

IF 3.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2026-04-17 eCollection Date: 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag114

María Pérez-Varela, Miquel Sánchez-Osuna, Susana Campoy, Jesús Aranda, Jordi Barbé, Ivan Erill

{"title":"A phage repressor involved in the DNA-damage response of Francisella.","authors":"María Pérez-Varela, Miquel Sánchez-Osuna, Susana Campoy, Jesús Aranda, Jordi Barbé, Ivan Erill","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag114","url":null,"abstract":"Members of the S24 family of serine peptidases play central roles in bacterial and phage regulatory networks that respond to DNA damage. In most bacteria, the S24-family peptidase LexA functions as the master repressor of the SOS response, regulating the activity of genes involved in DNA repair and mutagenesis. LexA is known to be absent in some bacterial lineages, including genera of intracellular bacteria with substantial genomic reduction, but it has been shown that other S24-family peptidases can uptake its regulatory functions. In this work, we combine experimental and computational approaches to define the response to DNA damage in Francisella, a genus of facultative intracellular bacteria with moderate genome reduction that encodes a highly diverged LexA family protein. We use RNA sequencing to investigate the transcriptional response of Francisella hispaniensis to the DNA-damaging agent ciprofloxacin and reveal that canonical SOS genes are not induced upon DNA damage. Among the differentially expressed genes, we identify a gene encoding an S24-family peptidase that we term FddR (Francisella DNA-damage regulator). Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrate that the product of this gene specifically binds to the palindromic sequence GTG-N11-CAC present in its promoter region, resulting in autoregulation. In silico analyses reveal that this S24-family peptidase is most likely a co-opted phage repressor that implements a DNA-damage response across the Francisella genus, regulating itself and divergently transcribed genes. Our results provide insights into the SOS repair system of the Francisella genus and its evolution, putting forward a mechanism for the gradual reconstruction of an SOS response network from self-contained divergently transcribed units.","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"5 5","pages":"pgag114"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13148647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147847239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0