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Personality and emotions in social interactions – the PESI project 社会互动中的个性和情感——PESI项目
Personality science Pub Date : 2023-06-07 DOI: 10.5964/ps.8241
K. Rentzsch, A. Giese, Vera Hebel, T. Lösch
{"title":"Personality and emotions in social interactions – the PESI project","authors":"K. Rentzsch, A. Giese, Vera Hebel, T. Lösch","doi":"10.5964/ps.8241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5964/ps.8241","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we introduce the PESI project for investigating the interpersonal dynamics of Personality and Emotions in Social Interactions. The final sample in this preregistered study consisted of 436 participants (218 dyads) who were on average 31.2 years old (SD = 14.0, Range: 16–75). The study consisted of three parts and used a multimethod assessment: In Part 1, participants filled out online self-reports of personality. In Part 2, participants interacted in dyads at zero acquaintance in the laboratory and filled out self- and partner-reports of various states. During the interactions, video and audio tracks were recorded simultaneously, allowing later video analyses of every participant. In Part 3, participants provided self-reports via a follow-up online questionnaire. Our aim is to encourage researchers to use the present ideas, open materials, and data to be inspired to conduct future research.","PeriodicalId":74421,"journal":{"name":"Personality science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71084017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Is (actual or perceptual) personality similarity associated with attraction in initial romantic encounters? A dyadic response surface analysis 在最初的浪漫邂逅中，(实际的或感性的)性格相似性与吸引力有关吗?二元响应面分析
Personality science Pub Date : 2023-04-06 DOI: 10.5964/ps.7551
Sarah Humberg, Tanja M. Gerlach, Theresa Franke-Prasse, K. Geukes, M. Back
{"title":"Is (actual or perceptual) personality similarity associated with attraction in initial romantic encounters? A dyadic response surface analysis","authors":"Sarah Humberg, Tanja M. Gerlach, Theresa Franke-Prasse, K. Geukes, M. Back","doi":"10.5964/ps.7551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5964/ps.7551","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A central assumption in lay and psychological theories is that people are attracted to potential mates who are similar to themselves in personality traits. However, the empirical findings on this idea have been inconclusive. Only a few studies have considered real-life dating contexts, and the statistical approaches they applied have sometimes spuriously identified similarity effects. In our study, 397 heterosexual singles (aged 18–28) participated in real speed-dates (N_dates = 940). Using dyadic response surface analysis, we investigated effects of actual similarity (similarity between self-reported personality trait levels) and perceptual similarity (similarity between an actor’s personality and his/her perception of the partner’s personality) concerning the Big Five traits. Neither type of similarity was related to initial romantic attraction. That is, the empirical evidence contradicted the idea that attraction occurs when people’s personalities match. We conclude that understanding initial attraction requires a deeper understanding of interpersonal dynamics in first encounters.","PeriodicalId":74421,"journal":{"name":"Personality science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41364271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The longitudinal and multimodal age groups study of personality architecture and dynamics (SPeADy) 纵向和多模态年龄组人格结构与动态研究(SPeADy)
Personality science Pub Date : 2023-04-06 DOI: 10.5964/ps.6421
Yannik Wiechers, Alexandra Zapko-Willmes, J. Richter, C. Kandler
{"title":"The longitudinal and multimodal age groups study of personality architecture and dynamics (SPeADy)","authors":"Yannik Wiechers, Alexandra Zapko-Willmes, J. Richter, C. Kandler","doi":"10.5964/ps.6421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5964/ps.6421","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The “Study of Personality Architecture and Dynamics” (SPeADy) aims at testing theory-based differences between core dispositions and surface characteristics of personality and examining their associations across time and in the context of major life experiences. For this purpose, SPeADy encompasses several constructs, such as Big Five domains and facets, motives, values, religiosity, self-concepts, and life events. SPeADy contains an age groups and an extended twin family study, with the former being this paper’s focus. The longitudinal and multi-rater design of the age groups study allows the empirical examinations of core dispositions of personality on the basis of six criteria. Cutting-edge findings are described. First (2016–2018) and second wave (2018–2020) data are available as a scientific use file. Self-reports were provided by 3,026 participants (60% female; age: 14–89 years). The third data-collection wave ends in 2022. This paper provides an overview of SPeADy’s scientific issues and use for the research community.","PeriodicalId":74421,"journal":{"name":"Personality science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48010580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Perceived weirdness: A multitrait-multisource study of self and other normality evaluations 感知怪异:自我和其他正常评估的多特征多来源研究
Personality science Pub Date : 2023-03-08 DOI: 10.5964/ps.7399
Jun-Yeob Kim, Daniel A. Newman, P. D. Harms, Dustin Wood
{"title":"Perceived weirdness: A multitrait-multisource study of self and other normality evaluations","authors":"Jun-Yeob Kim, Daniel A. Newman, P. D. Harms, Dustin Wood","doi":"10.5964/ps.7399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5964/ps.7399","url":null,"abstract":"<title xmlns=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/JATS1\" /> <p xmlns=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/JATS1\">Research in personality and organizational psychology has begun to investigate a novel evaluative trait known as perceived normality, defined as an overall perception that one is normal (vs. strange or weird). The current work evaluates a brief measure of this trait (i.e., a “weirdness scale”), extending past work by assessing both self-reports and peer reports of these normality evaluations. Results confirm the measurement equivalence of self- and peer-reports of perceived weirdness, and discriminant validity of self- and peer-reports of perceived weirdness from Big Five traits. A multitrait-multisource analysis further reveals that trait loadings are larger than self-report and peer-report method loadings for the measure of perceived weirdness. Implications for measurement of self-perceptions and social perceptions of weirdness/normality are discussed.","PeriodicalId":74421,"journal":{"name":"Personality science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136179176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Body mass in US adolescents: Stronger ties to socioeconomic status than personality 美国青少年的体重:与社会经济地位的关系大于与个性的关系
Personality science Pub Date : 2023-03-08 DOI: 10.5964/ps.7703
S. Weston, M. Leszko, D. Condon
{"title":"Body mass in US adolescents: Stronger ties to socioeconomic status than personality","authors":"S. Weston, M. Leszko, D. Condon","doi":"10.5964/ps.7703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5964/ps.7703","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 It is unclear whether socio- and individual-factors are uniquely related to adolescent BMI or capture the same underlying process or whether environment amplifies relationships between traits and BMI. We estimated the independent contributions of SES and individual factors to BMI percentile in a sample of 9,481 US adolescents. Across all models, SES was significantly associated with lower BMI percentile scores. Controlling for SES, cognitive functioning was associated with lower BMI percentile (Girls: b = -1.32 [-2.10, -0.54], p = .001; Boys: b = -1.84 [-3.10, -0.53], p = .005). Among adolescent girls, Neuroticism (b = 1.75 [0.94, 2.52], p < .001) and related narrow traits, among others, were associated with BMI percentile.​ There were no consistent interactions between SES and personality. In holdout samples, the best performing models included SES, cognitive functioning, and narrow traits. While individual differences may contribute independently to BMI, their contribution is much smaller than that of SES.","PeriodicalId":74421,"journal":{"name":"Personality science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46363200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How reliable are personality judgments by political experts? The curious case of Donald Trump 政治专家的人格判断有多可靠?唐纳德·特朗普的奇怪案例
Personality science Pub Date : 2023-03-08 DOI: 10.5964/ps.6715
Jeroen K. Joly, J. Hofmans
{"title":"How reliable are personality judgments by political experts? The curious case of Donald Trump","authors":"Jeroen K. Joly, J. Hofmans","doi":"10.5964/ps.6715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5964/ps.6715","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Recent studies have highlighted the importance of personality in electoral politics. With the rise of populist and atypical personalities across stable and established democracies, pundits, journalists and other political experts often rely on their assessments of politicians’ personalities to explain their behavior. Additionally, numerous citizens depend on their expertise and assessments to form their own opinion. Given that most political experts have never personally met these politicians, how reliable are their assessments of high-profile politicians’ personality? We address this question by analyzing inter-rater reliability of ratings of US President Trumps’ personality by seven Belgian political experts. Using the NEO-FFI, our analyses indicate low inter-rater agreement on most of the Big Five personality traits and the facets of Trumps’ personality. Therefore, the excessive use of analyses based on third party assessments and interpretations of politicians’ personality should be regarded with caution given their potential impact on the wider public.","PeriodicalId":74421,"journal":{"name":"Personality science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47120330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Differing levels of gratitude between romantic partners: Concurrent and longitudinal links with satisfaction and commitment in six dyadic datasets 浪漫伴侣之间不同程度的感激之情：六个二元数据集中满意度和承诺的同时和纵向联系
Personality science Pub Date : 2023-01-26 DOI: 10.5964/ps.10537
Yoobin Park, Amie M. Gordon, Sarah Humberg, A. Muise, Emily A. Impett
{"title":"Differing levels of gratitude between romantic partners: Concurrent and longitudinal links with satisfaction and commitment in six dyadic datasets","authors":"Yoobin Park, Amie M. Gordon, Sarah Humberg, A. Muise, Emily A. Impett","doi":"10.5964/ps.10537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5964/ps.10537","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Gratitude promotes high quality relationships, but what happens when partners differ in their levels of gratitude? We examined the dyadic nature of gratitude in relationships using six longitudinal datasets (562 couples). Approaching the dyadic effect from the perspective of a “weak-link” hypothesis, we tested if the link between one partner’s gratitude and relationship quality is reduced if the other partner is low in gratitude. Our results overall did not support this hypothesis as they indicated that grateful individuals were more satisfied and committed at baseline, and more grateful and committed over time, regardless of their partner’s level of gratitude. As an alternative way to conceptualize the dyadic effect of gratitude, we explored a potential similarity effect using Dyadic Response Surface Analysis. Our results revealed no unique effect of having two partners reciprocating the same levels of gratitude above and beyond the effect of each partner’s gratitude.","PeriodicalId":74421,"journal":{"name":"Personality science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44236406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Unchartered territories: Introduction to the theme bundle on intranational variation in personality 未知领域：关于个性的国内变化的主题包介绍
Personality science Pub Date : 2023-01-20 DOI: 10.5964/ps.10631
F. Götz, Tobias Ebert
{"title":"Unchartered territories: Introduction to the theme bundle on intranational variation in personality","authors":"F. Götz, Tobias Ebert","doi":"10.5964/ps.10631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5964/ps.10631","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74421,"journal":{"name":"Personality science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47812021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Personality and social relationships: What do we know and where do we go 个性和社会关系：我们知道什么，我们该去哪里
Personality science Pub Date : 2023-01-13 DOI: 10.5964/ps.7505
M. Back, S. Branje, Paul W. Eastwick, Lauren J. Human, L. Penke, G. Sadikaj, R. Slatcher, Isabel Thielmann, Maarten H. W. van Zalk, C. Wrzus
{"title":"Personality and social relationships: What do we know and where do we go","authors":"M. Back, S. Branje, Paul W. Eastwick, Lauren J. Human, L. Penke, G. Sadikaj, R. Slatcher, Isabel Thielmann, Maarten H. W. van Zalk, C. Wrzus","doi":"10.5964/ps.7505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5964/ps.7505","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Personality and social relationships influence each other in multiple and consequential ways. To understand how people differ from each other in their personality and social behavior, how these differences develop, and how this affects further life outcomes, we need to better understand the interplay of personality and social relationships. Here, we provide an integrative overview on personality-relationship research across relationship types (everyday encounters, friendships, romantic, and family relationships), and personality characteristics. We summarize the state of research on (a) how much relationship aspects vary across actors, partners, and actor-partner relations, (b) which personality characteristics predict these variance components (i.e. actor, partner, and relationship effects), and (c) how social relationships work as contexts for personality development. Following an integrative process framework, key open questions are discussed concerning the processes that underlie personality-relationship and relationship-personality effects. We conclude with a call for conceptual integration, methodological expansion, and collaborative action.","PeriodicalId":74421,"journal":{"name":"Personality science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46302974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
The association of self-efficacy, anxiety sensitivity, and perfectionism with statistics and math anxiety 自我效能感、焦虑敏感性和完美主义与统计和数学焦虑的关系
Personality science Pub Date : 2022-12-16 DOI: 10.5964/ps.7091
Nicholas J. McCaughey, Taylor G. Hill, S. Mackinnon
{"title":"The association of self-efficacy, anxiety sensitivity, and perfectionism with statistics and math anxiety","authors":"Nicholas J. McCaughey, Taylor G. Hill, S. Mackinnon","doi":"10.5964/ps.7091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5964/ps.7091","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Statistics and math anxiety are pervasive problems for post-secondary students. We hypothesized that self-efficacy would be negatively related to math/statistics anxiety, and that anxiety sensitivity and perfectionism would be positively related to math/statistics anxiety, even when controlling for gender, university program, and education level. Method: Graduate and undergraduate students (N = 447, after exclusions) completed an online self-report questionnaire, including an abbreviated version of the Statistics Anxiety Rating Scale (STARS), math anxiety, self-efficacy, anxiety sensitivity, perfectionism, and demographics. Results: Exploratory factor analysis supported a six-factor structure for statistics anxiety. Self-efficacy was negatively associated with math/statistics anxiety, whereas anxiety sensitivity and perfectionism were positively associated with math/statistics anxiety. Relationships ranged from small-to-moderate, and most relationships persisted after adding covariates. Discussion: Our study suggests the feasibility of a short-form version of the STARS. Moreover, it provides important information on how personality is associated with domain-specific anxiety that can impede statistics education.","PeriodicalId":74421,"journal":{"name":"Personality science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43258677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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