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Working in Argan cooperatives is associated with the time perspectives of Amazigh women in the Moroccan region of Souss-Massa 在阿甘合作社工作与摩洛哥苏萨-马萨地区阿马齐格妇女的时间观有关
Personality science Pub Date : 2022-12-16 DOI: 10.5964/ps.7237
Alexander Unger, Soumia Omari, Julie Papastamatelou
{"title":"Working in Argan cooperatives is associated with the time perspectives of Amazigh women in the Moroccan region of Souss-Massa","authors":"Alexander Unger, Soumia Omari, Julie Papastamatelou","doi":"10.5964/ps.7237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5964/ps.7237","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Only a few studies have examined time perspectives (TPs) in the domain of the workplace. The current study investigated how TP’s differ between working and non-working Amazigh women in Argan cooperatives in Morocco. We hypothesized that the occupational status of working women will be associated with their TPs in a favorable way. The self-report questionnaire was administered orally (N = 100) with a Tachelhit language version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI). We observed higher Future, higher Past-Positive, lower Fatalistic-Present and lower Deviation from a Balanced Time Perspective (DBTP) in working women. We were able to rule out the alternative association, that a specific TP-profile increases the probability of getting access into cooperatives or that age could be another alternative association that explain the results. The different TP-profiles reflect a more favorable personality and an improved socio-psychological situation of those women working in the cooperatives compared to non-working women.","PeriodicalId":74421,"journal":{"name":"Personality science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48022120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What correlations mean for individual people: A tutorial for researchers, students and the public 相关性对个人意味着什么:研究人员、学生和公众的教程
Personality science Pub Date : 2022-12-16 DOI: 10.5964/ps.7467
R. Mõttus
{"title":"What correlations mean for individual people: A tutorial for researchers, students and the public","authors":"R. Mõttus","doi":"10.5964/ps.7467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5964/ps.7467","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Trisecting and cross-tabulating (TACT) two related variables shows what their correlation means for individual people. For example, knowing an individual's conscientiousness (lowest, medium or highest third among other people) improves the accuracy of predicting their health by 1.4, their child's conscientiousness by 4.2, and their job performance by 7.2 percentage points, compared to the random-guess accuracy of 33.3%. There’s a 35% probability that they will score differently in a few years and a 50% probability that their partner would rate their conscientiousness differently. For typical correlations in psychology, about 40% of individuals with a low or high value in one variable have a similar value in the other variable, while medium values carry almost no predictive information. Hence, correlations’ intuitive interpretations like \"someone high in x is likely to be high in y\" are almost always incorrect. An R package is provided for calculating and visualising TACT.","PeriodicalId":74421,"journal":{"name":"Personality science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46667946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Executive functions neither associated with agentic extraversion nor sensitive to the dopamine D2 blocker sulpiride in a preregistered study 在一项预先注册的研究中，执行功能既与药剂外倾无关，也对多巴胺D2阻滞剂舒必利不敏感
Personality science Pub Date : 2022-12-16 DOI: 10.5964/ps.7657
Wiebke Herrmann, Jan Wacker
{"title":"Executive functions neither associated with agentic extraversion nor sensitive to the dopamine D2 blocker sulpiride in a preregistered study","authors":"Wiebke Herrmann, Jan Wacker","doi":"10.5964/ps.7657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5964/ps.7657","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Initial studies suggest that extraversion and executive functions (EFs) are associated because of shared dopaminergic mechanisms. Aiming to conceptually replicate these findings we conducted a preregistered study to investigate (1) associations between extraversion and performance in three tasks (3-back, switching, AX-CPT) and (2) whether these associations are sensitive to administration of the dopamine D2 receptor blocker sulpiride in a placebo-controlled between-subjects design (N = 200). Against expectations, neither (agentic) extraversion, nor its interaction with substance condition explained performance in any of the EF tasks. As the current results are limited by an unexpectedly low reliability of the measures derived from the switching task and the AX-CPT, further preregistered studies using psychometrically superior measures are needed.","PeriodicalId":74421,"journal":{"name":"Personality science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48502096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Changes in subjective well-being predict changes in U.S. presidential, Senate, & House of Representatives election outcomes 主观幸福感的变化预测美国总统、参议院和众议院选举结果的变化
Personality science Pub Date : 2022-12-16 DOI: 10.5964/ps.7253
Elizabeth W. Chan, Amanda Solomon, F. Cheung
{"title":"Changes in subjective well-being predict changes in U.S. presidential, Senate, & House of Representatives election outcomes","authors":"Elizabeth W. Chan, Amanda Solomon, F. Cheung","doi":"10.5964/ps.7253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5964/ps.7253","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Free and fair elections enable the nation’s citizens to elect candidates whom they believe best represent their interests. When deciding who to vote for, individuals may consider a host of factors that ultimately improve their subjective well-being. Using data from the Gallup Sharecare Well-being Index (N = 3,208,924), we examined whether changes in subjective well-being predicted U.S. presidential, Senate, and House of Representatives election outcomes from 2010 to 2020. We tested this effect at county (n = 1,652–3,061), metropolitan statistical area (n = 191–363), state (n = 50), and district (n = 389–427) levels. Pre-registered multilevel models supported the notion that regions with growing discontent tended to have larger increases in non-incumbent vote shares. Establishing a link between subjective well-being and electoral outcomes has the potential to realign policymakers’ priorities with what truly matters to their constituents, thereby facilitating the promotion of population well-being.","PeriodicalId":74421,"journal":{"name":"Personality science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44236982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Body mass is linked with a broad range of personality nuances, but especially those with behavioral content: A multi-sample exploration 体重与广泛的个性细微差别有关，尤其是与行为内容有关:多样本探索
Personality science Pub Date : 2022-10-26 DOI: 10.5964/ps.7583
Kadri Arumäe, U. Vainik, R. Mõttus
{"title":"Body mass is linked with a broad range of personality nuances, but especially those with behavioral content: A multi-sample exploration","authors":"Kadri Arumäe, U. Vainik, R. Mõttus","doi":"10.5964/ps.7583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5964/ps.7583","url":null,"abstract":"Various personality domains and facets correlate with body mass index (BMI), but recent studies suggest that using narrower personality traits—nuances—could contribute to a more detailed understanding of personality–body weight associations. We used three large datasets with different inventories to describe nuances’ correlations with BMI and explore whether BMI predominantly correlated with affective, behavioral, cognitive, or motivational item content. BMI correlated with many nuances, most prominently those reflecting immoderation, lack of orderliness, talkativeness, leadership tendencies, anger, traditionalism, and preference for routine. The highest nuance-level correlation was .21, compared to .11 for the Five-Factor Model domains. BMI correlated most strongly with nuances predominantly reflecting behaviors. Nuance-based approaches can thus reveal the strength, multitude, and content-nature of personality–outcome correlations that can potentially remain hidden in broader traits. If personality traits become relevant in the prevention or treatment of obesity, a focus on narrow behavioral traits may be especially warranted.","PeriodicalId":74421,"journal":{"name":"Personality science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48282273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Fear and deprivation in Trump’s America: A regional analysis of voting behavior in the 2016 and 2020 U.S. presidential elections 特朗普美国的恐惧与剥夺:2016年和2020年美国总统选举投票行为的区域分析
Personality science Pub Date : 2022-10-13 DOI: 10.5964/ps.7447
Sanaz Talaifar, Michael Stuetzer, P. Rentfrow, J. Potter, S. Gosling
{"title":"Fear and deprivation in Trump’s America: A regional analysis of voting behavior in the 2016 and 2020 U.S. presidential elections","authors":"Sanaz Talaifar, Michael Stuetzer, P. Rentfrow, J. Potter, S. Gosling","doi":"10.5964/ps.7447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5964/ps.7447","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Since Trump was elected U.S. President in 2016, researchers have sought to explain his support, with some focusing on structural factors (e.g., economics) and others focusing on psychological factors (e.g., negative emotions). We integrate these perspectives in a regional analysis of 18+ structural variables capturing economic, demographic, and health factors as well as the aggregated neuroticism scores of 3+ million individuals. Results revealed that regions that voted for Trump in 2016 and 2020 had high levels of neuroticism and economic deprivation. Regions that voted for Trump also had high anti-Black implicit bias and low ethnic diversity, though Trump made gains in ethnically diverse regions in 2020. Trump’s voter base differed from the voter base of more traditional Republican candidates and Democrat Bernie Sanders. In sum, structural and psychological factors both explain Trump’s unique authoritarian appeal.","PeriodicalId":74421,"journal":{"name":"Personality science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43619074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Similarity in situation perception predicts relationship satisfaction 情境感知的相似性预测关系满意度
Personality science Pub Date : 2022-10-12 DOI: 10.5964/ps.8007
K. Rentzsch, Simon Columbus, D. Balliet, Tanja M. Gerlach
{"title":"Similarity in situation perception predicts relationship satisfaction","authors":"K. Rentzsch, Simon Columbus, D. Balliet, Tanja M. Gerlach","doi":"10.5964/ps.8007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5964/ps.8007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 For one partner, the kitchen looks clean; for the other, the kitchen needs cleaning. Is satisfaction with our relationship tied to whether we see the world the same way our partner does? In two dyadic longitudinal studies, we investigated how similarity in the perception of situations predicts relationship satisfaction in romantic relationships. In Study 1, 203 couples participated in a 14-day diary. In Study 2, 139 couples participated in a 7-day experience sampling. At each time point, partners separately reported their perception of a situation they had experienced together, using the DIAMONDS taxonomy (Study 1) and the Situational Interdependence Scale (Study 2). Across taxonomies, more similar situation perception positively predicted state relationship satisfaction and changes in trait relationship satisfaction at follow-up. Findings have important implications for understanding couples’ everyday lives and speak to the consequences of situation perception in close relationships.","PeriodicalId":74421,"journal":{"name":"Personality science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43219252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The personality of American Nations: An exploratory study 美国民族的个性:一项探索性研究
Personality science Pub Date : 2022-07-21 DOI: 10.5964/ps.7811
K. Lanning, Evan A. Warfel, Geoffrey Wetherell, Marina Perez, R. Boyd, D. Condon
{"title":"The personality of American Nations: An exploratory study","authors":"K. Lanning, Evan A. Warfel, Geoffrey Wetherell, Marina Perez, R. Boyd, D. Condon","doi":"10.5964/ps.7811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5964/ps.7811","url":null,"abstract":"Some scholars have presented models of the United States as a set of “nations” with distinct settlement histories and contemporary cultures. We examined personality differences in one such model, that of Colin Woodard, using data from over 75,000 respondents. Four nations were particularly distinct: The Deep South, Left Coast, New Netherland, and the Spanish Caribbean. Differences between nations at the level of the individual person were typically small, but were larger at the level of community, revealing how aggregation can contribute to differences in the lived experience of places in nations such as Yankeedom or Greater Appalachia. We represented effects in a three-dimensional model defined by Authoritarian conventionalism (which differentiated ‘Red’ and ‘Blue’ nations) as well as Cognitive resilience and Competitiveness (which differentiated among the Blue nations). Finally, we adjusted Woodard’s model to better fit the data, and found that nations largely maintained their boundaries, with the most drastic changes occurring on the East Coast.","PeriodicalId":74421,"journal":{"name":"Personality science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44210158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The prototypical parent personality 典型的父母人格
Personality science Pub Date : 2022-07-18 DOI: 10.5964/ps.6269
Madeline R. Lenhausen, C. Hopwood, Manon A. van Scheppingen, W. Bleidorn
{"title":"The prototypical parent personality","authors":"Madeline R. Lenhausen, C. Hopwood, Manon A. van Scheppingen, W. Bleidorn","doi":"10.5964/ps.6269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5964/ps.6269","url":null,"abstract":"What personality traits characterize a typical parent? The purpose of this pre-registered study was to generate consensus-based Big Five personality prototypes of a typical father and mother through the eyes of 226 expecting parents and 281 nonparents (Total N = 507). We found that a prototypical father’s and mother’s personalities can be described with high levels of agreement as characterized by high levels of emotional stability, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. The prototypical mother profile is higher in extraversion, the agreeableness item: sympathy/warmth, and conscientiousness and lower in emotional stability compared to the prototypical father profile. Compared to nonparents, mothers’ self-rated levels of emotional stability and extraversion were more similar to the parent prototype. We found little evidence that parents’ self-reported personality aligns more with their beliefs about a prototypical parent’s personality after the transition to parenthood. Discussion focuses on personality prototypes and social role expectations during the transition to parenthood.","PeriodicalId":74421,"journal":{"name":"Personality science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41593030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
On stories, conceptual space, and physical place: Considering the function and features of stories throughout the narrative ecology 论故事、概念空间与实体场所:在叙事生态中思考故事的功能与特征
Personality science Pub Date : 2022-06-10 DOI: 10.5964/ps.7337
W. Dunlop, Dulce Wilkinson Westberg
{"title":"On stories, conceptual space, and physical place: Considering the function and features of stories throughout the narrative ecology","authors":"W. Dunlop, Dulce Wilkinson Westberg","doi":"10.5964/ps.7337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5964/ps.7337","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Life stories, or narrative identities, are psychosocial constructions that work to establish a sense of self-continuity through time and across contexts. These stories, which represent a distinct personality domain and assessment paradigm, both inform and are informed by the stories pertaining to constructs within more distal systems (e.g., dyads, households, states, nations, cultures). To this end, we consider the ways in which study of narrative identity may be enhanced by extending the conceptual bounds of its assessment paradigm, to better account for the varied stories within and across these ecological systems. We argue that: a) like narrative identity, stories throughout the narrative ecology function to build and maintain continuity, and b) there are thematic features of narrative identity that transcend divides between these systems including: agency & communion and redemption & contamination. These premises work to focus study of self, society, and story.","PeriodicalId":74421,"journal":{"name":"Personality science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48520143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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