Personality disordersPub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-07-17DOI: 10.1037/per0000741
Kelci C Davis, Jaime L Anderson
{"title":"Psychopathy testing bias in sexual orientation minorities.","authors":"Kelci C Davis, Jaime L Anderson","doi":"10.1037/per0000741","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Measures of psychopathic personality traits have been utilized in a variety of settings and are often weighed heavily in decision-making. Though there is evidence of testing bias in marginalized groups, no evaluation of potential bias has been conducted for bias among sexual orientation minorities. This study utilized a slope-intercept bias approach to evaluate the testing bias of three self-report psychopathy measures: the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure, the Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality-Self-Report, and the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale. Broadly, the current findings suggest psychopathy measures predominantly overpredict personality psychopathology and related impairment in sexual minorities, especially detachment, and disinhibition. Reassuringly, although some measures and scales had significantly overpredicted antisocial behaviors, none of these differences reached a threshold of clinically meaningful implications. Nonetheless, the risk of both testing and clinician bias should continue to be assessed in sexual minority persons and other diverse groups to ensure equitable evaluations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"550-561"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144651443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Personality disordersPub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-07-17DOI: 10.1037/per0000742
Thomas Cassart, Melina Nicole Kyranides, Stijn Vandevelde, Kostas A Fanti, Olivier F Colins
{"title":"The search for primary and secondary subtypes of callous-unemotional traits in detained boys.","authors":"Thomas Cassart, Melina Nicole Kyranides, Stijn Vandevelde, Kostas A Fanti, Olivier F Colins","doi":"10.1037/per0000742","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the existence and validity of variants of callous-unemotional (CU) traits. Data were available for 309 detained boys (<i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 16.96) who completed self-reports, experimental tasks, and were administered a diagnostic interview. Two different methods were used to differentiate between participants with different constellations of CU traits and anxiety. Using a simple cutoff approach, participants were assigned to four groups: low CU traits and low anxiety (<i>n</i> = 148), low CU traits and high anxiety (<i>n</i> = 69), high CU traits and low anxiety (\"primary CU variant\"; <i>n</i> = 68), and high CU traits and high anxiety (\"secondary CU variant\"; <i>n</i> = 24). Latent profile analyses arrived at three classes but failed to find a \"secondary CU variant\" class. Group comparisons that were based on the simple cutoff approach showed that youth who fell in the secondary (vs. primary) CU variant group presented more depressive symptoms and were less able to differentiate between emotions. These two groups did not significantly differ in any of the other 36 correlates (e.g., impulsivity, maltreatment, and treatment engagement). Only a few significant differences emerged between the two CU variant groups and youth characterized by low CU traits and high anxiety. Taken together, we found limited support for the existence and utility of CU variants among detained boys. Not only did the identification of the CU variants depend upon the method that was used, the two CU variant groups rarely were significantly different in theoretically important features. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"577-588"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144651444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Personality disordersPub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-03-20DOI: 10.1037/per0000732
Simone Cheli, Courtney N Wisepape, Chelsea D Y Witten, Marta Floridi, Veronica Cavalletti, Ilanit Hasson-Ohayon, Martin Brüne, Cristina Ottaviani
{"title":"Psychosocial and pharmacological interventions for cluster a personality disorders: A systematic review and two exploratory meta-analyses.","authors":"Simone Cheli, Courtney N Wisepape, Chelsea D Y Witten, Marta Floridi, Veronica Cavalletti, Ilanit Hasson-Ohayon, Martin Brüne, Cristina Ottaviani","doi":"10.1037/per0000732","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite an overall prevalence of about 4% and a possible association with well-studied conditions such as schizotypy, little is known about effective treatments for Cluster A personality disorders (PDs), that is, paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal PD. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to conduct a narrative synthesis of existing randomized controlled trials and explore the effectiveness of psychosocial and pharmacological treatments for these disorders. Nineteen studies including 468 participants diagnosed with any one of the three Cluster A PDs were included in the systematic review. Data from 291 (<i>k</i> = 5) and 213 (<i>k</i> = 5) participants were included in two different meta-analyses evaluating the reduction of distinctive clinical features and the increase of general functioning following treatment, respectively. All the treatments in meta-analyses reported a low overall attrition rate (0.23). The two meta-analyses showed medium-to-large effect sizes (<i>g</i> = .60-.91), but were limited by small sample sizes and large heterogeneity. Collected findings suggest that treatments for paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal PD may be feasible and effective. We discuss implications for further research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"589-602"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Personality disordersPub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-03-27DOI: 10.1037/per0000730
Isabella A Manuel, Gabrielle S Ilagan, Ashley L Greene, Christopher C Conway
{"title":"Comparing personality dysfunction, maladaptive personality traits, and borderline personality disorder as models of emotion dysregulation in three adult samples.","authors":"Isabella A Manuel, Gabrielle S Ilagan, Ashley L Greene, Christopher C Conway","doi":"10.1037/per0000730","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The categorical borderline personality disorder (BPD) diagnosis identifies people who struggle to manage negative emotions. As the field transitions to dimensional personality disorder (PD) models, it is important to know whether alternative diagnostic constructs capture emotion regulation difficulties to the same degree. If not, it may make sense to modify the dimensional models or else retain the BPD syndrome to preserve its incremental utility for clinical description, treatment planning, and prognosis. In three adult samples (total <i>N</i> = 1,197), we modeled self-rated emotion dysregulation as a function of <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i>, fifth edition <i>(DSM-5</i>) Alternative Model of Personality Disorder dimensions and traditional BPD features. We found that personality dysfunction had bivariate correlations with emotion dysregulation of .70-.80 across samples, almost identical to those observed for BPD. Combined, personality dysfunction and maladaptive personality traits explained 52%-73% of individual differences in emotion dysregulation. Controlling for Alternative Model of Personality Disorder constructs, a standalone measure of BPD features accounted for an additional 7%, 0.6%, and 1% of emotion-dysregulation variation across samples. We conclude that emotion dysregulation is better conceptualized as a general feature of the PD space, rather than a specific deficit in borderline or any other PD. We encourage additional investigation into ways that dimensional models of personality pathology relate to emotion dysregulation. The study's raw data and analysis code are available at https://osf.io/x9jbs/. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"516-526"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Personality disordersPub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-05-22DOI: 10.1037/per0000739
Yağızcan Kurt, Megan Walker, Patrick Luyten, Peter Fonagy
{"title":"Laboratory-assessed mistrust in borderline personality disorder: A meta-analytic review.","authors":"Yağızcan Kurt, Megan Walker, Patrick Luyten, Peter Fonagy","doi":"10.1037/per0000739","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although a recent systematic review examined the relationship between mistrust and borderline personality disorder (BPD; Preti et al., 2023), it did not statistically quantify the strength of this association. This highlights the need for a meta-analytic review of mistrust in BPD. To address this gap, we conducted a meta-analysis comparing laboratory-based assessments of mistrust between individuals with BPD and control groups. This meta-analysis was preregistered with International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42023479031). The final database search was conducted on October 17, 2024, across Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify relevant studies. We included studies published in English or translated into English that employed valid, reliable laboratory-based measures of mistrust and psychometrically sound tools for assessing BPD symptoms or features. A three-level meta-analytic model was used to assess mistrust differences between BPD and control groups. The risk of bias in the included records was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists. Our search yielded 1,717 reports, of which 26 met the inclusion criteria (<i>N</i> = 3,716). Based on 70 effect sizes from these reports, the meta-analysis indicated a small-to-moderate effect size (<i>g</i> = 0.44, 95% confidence interval = [0.27, 0.61], <i>p</i> < .001), demonstrating that individuals with BPD exhibited significantly higher levels of mistrust compared to controls. Subgroup analyses identified the mistrust paradigm as a statistically significant moderator. These results underscore the significant role of mistrust in BPD. We suggest that assessing mistrust and fostering interpersonal trust during treatment could lead to more effective interventions for BPD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"527-539"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Personality disordersPub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-04-28DOI: 10.1037/per0000735
Sierra Magann, Sophie C Dahlenburg, Dianna R Bartsch
{"title":"Exploring personality pathology and minority stress among Australian sexual and gender minorities.","authors":"Sierra Magann, Sophie C Dahlenburg, Dianna R Bartsch","doi":"10.1037/per0000735","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000735","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increased prevalence of personality pathology, characterized by both personality disorder diagnoses and presentation of personality disorder traits, has been identified among sexual and gender minorities (SGMs) compared to their cisgender and heterosexual counterparts. Additionally, certain subgroups within the SGM community, namely bisexual and transgender populations, are found to have a prevalence of personality pathology elevated above that of other SGM subgroups. However, research on personality pathology prevalence across sexuality and gender identity is in its infancy, remaining scarce and inconclusive. Further, while literature has speculated that the increased levels of personality pathology observed within the SGM community may arise from manifestations of minority stress, this is yet to be explored empirically. This study examined self-reported personality pathology from SGM community members as well as their cisgender and heterosexual counterparts and explored potential relationships between personality pathology and minority stress. Using a cross-sectional survey design, 368 participants recruited within Australia completed measures of personality functioning, maladaptive personality traits, and, for SGM participants, minority stress. Greater presentation of personality pathology was identified among SGM participants, with higher mean scores across personality measures. Personality pathology scores were found to be highest among noncisgender individuals and sexuality groups other than heterosexual and gay/lesbian. As theorized, minority stress was positively correlated with increased personality pathology. Implications regarding the potential for overpathologizing of SGM populations are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"540-549"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144060374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Personality disordersPub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2024-11-18DOI: 10.1037/per0000707
Janan Mostajabi, Aidan G C Wright
{"title":"An exploratory study on disinhibition and interpersonal outcomes in daily life.","authors":"Janan Mostajabi, Aidan G C Wright","doi":"10.1037/per0000707","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000707","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Disinhibition is a personality trait with broad health implications and has been included in several prominent models of maladaptive personality traits and psychopathology, such as the <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,</i> fifth edition, Alternative Model of Personality Disorders and the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology. Cross-sectional global self-report and clinical interview research suggests that disinhibition is tightly linked with interpersonal problems, particularly antagonistic problems. However, very little work has examined how individual differences in disinhibition manifest in interpersonal functioning in social situations in daily life. We examined how trait disinhibition and its lower level facets (e.g., irresponsibility, impulsivity, distractibility) relate to ecological momentary assessments of interpersonal interactions in daily life across three samples (total person <i>N</i> = 1,068, total observation <i>N</i> = 38,212). Results showed a consistent and positive association between trait disinhibition and negative affect in daily life (both in general and specifically during social interactions), above and beyond the effect of trait antagonism. We also found a negative association between trait disinhibition and warmth during social interactions, though this effect was fully accounted for by trait antagonism. We did not find consistent associations between trait disinhibition and positive affect or dominance in daily life. These findings have implications for the manifestation of disinhibition in daily life and the relation between externalizing and internalizing psychopathology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"466-475"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12085710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Personality disordersPub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-03-20DOI: 10.1037/per0000727
Katherine M Elacqua, Mark F Lenzenweger
{"title":"Investigating empathy in schizotypy.","authors":"Katherine M Elacqua, Mark F Lenzenweger","doi":"10.1037/per0000727","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Though empathy is a critical component of adaptive psychosocial functioning, the relationship between schizotypy, conceived of as the latent liability for schizophrenia, and empathy is unclear. Given the centrality of psychosocial functioning impairments in schizophrenia-related psychopathology, along with the critical role of empathy in the social processes aspect of the Research Domain Criteria Matrix, the relation between empathy and schizotypy should be illuminated. The lack of clarity regarding empathy is in part due to both differences in defining empathy and the relations empathy measures have with different subcomponents of schizotypy. Furthermore, both empathy and schizotypy likely impact psychosocial functioning. The current study aims to better understand the relations between empathy, schizotypy, and psychosocial functioning. This report examines the self-report data drawn from emerging adults who completed a battery of empathy, schizotypy, and social functioning measures (<i>n</i> = 834). Findings demonstrate a complex relation between empathy and schizotypy but coalesce primarily around a negative (inverse) relation between negative features of schizotypy and empathy. Factor analytic results suggest a two-component latent structure for empathy consisting of cognitive and affective domains. Each factor of empathy appears to be negatively associated with negative schizotypal traits. Moderation analyses reveal that both cognitive and affective empathy moderate the relation between negative schizotypy and social functioning. Altogether, the present study demonstrates the interconnectedness of negative schizotypy, empathy, and social functioning. Findings are broadly consistent with previous research considering the relation between schizophrenia and empathy, highlighting the utility of studying schizophrenia liability (i.e., schizotypy). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"455-465"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Personality disordersPub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-03-20DOI: 10.1037/per0000725
Cara L Wicher, Alexandre Y Dombrovski, Michael N Hallquist, Susanne Buecker, Aidan G C Wright, Aleksandra Kaurin
{"title":"Daily loneliness and suicidal ideation in borderline personality disorder.","authors":"Cara L Wicher, Alexandre Y Dombrovski, Michael N Hallquist, Susanne Buecker, Aidan G C Wright, Aleksandra Kaurin","doi":"10.1037/per0000725","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Loneliness has been linked with suicidal ideation (SI) in people with a borderline personality disorder (BPD) diagnosis. However, the temporal dynamics of this association remain unclear: we do not know whether loneliness amplifies SI within clinically relevant short-term timeframes (e.g., day to day). To fill this gap, we used data from a 21-day ambulatory assessment study of individuals diagnosed with BPD (<i>N</i> = 152, 103 with a history of attempted suicide) and preregistered the hypotheses and code of our analyses. We tested the hypotheses that daily loneliness would be associated with same- and next-day SI, and that, among individuals with a BPD diagnosis, more severe self-reported BPD features would strengthen these associations. In line with our hypotheses, we found a significant contemporaneous and lagged association between loneliness and SI. Contrary to our hypotheses, these links were not significantly amplified by the level of BPD features. Exploratory analyses further suggested that loneliness did not account for the within-person link between daily social interactions and SI, nor did more general personality disorder features alter loneliness-SI links. The links between loneliness and SI highlight a significant vulnerability to suicide risk and our findings suggest that self-reported BPD symptom severity among individuals with a BPD diagnosis may impact the early stages of the suicidal process by predisposing to loneliness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"415-426"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Personality disordersPub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-01-30DOI: 10.1037/per0000711
Yann Le Corff, Anton Aluja, Kokou A Atitsogbe, Robert Courtois, Donatien Dahourou, Karine Forget, Michel Hansenne, Durairaj Kavitha, Kossi B Kounou, Mélanie Lapalme, Joshua R Oltmanns, Jérôme Rossier, Arun Tipandjan, Thomas A Widiger, Jean-Pierre Rolland
{"title":"Cross-cultural validity of the Five-Factor Personality Inventory for ICD-11 across nine countries and validation of a French translation.","authors":"Yann Le Corff, Anton Aluja, Kokou A Atitsogbe, Robert Courtois, Donatien Dahourou, Karine Forget, Michel Hansenne, Durairaj Kavitha, Kossi B Kounou, Mélanie Lapalme, Joshua R Oltmanns, Jérôme Rossier, Arun Tipandjan, Thomas A Widiger, Jean-Pierre Rolland","doi":"10.1037/per0000711","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000711","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to assess measurement invariance for the Five-Factor Inventory for <i>ICD-11</i> (Oltmanns & Widiger, 2020) across nine national samples from four continents (<i>n</i> = 6,342), and to validate a French translation in seven French-speaking national samples. All were convenience samples of adults. Exploratory factor analyses supported a four-factor structure in the French-speaking Western samples (Belgium, Canada, France, and Switzerland) while a three-factor structure was preferred in the French-speaking African samples (Burkina Faso and Togo), and no adequate structure was found in the Indian sample. Factor congruence with the original American sample was excellent for the Western samples but not for the non-Western samples. Exploratory bifactor analyses led to similar results, with the g-factor essentially reflecting one of the first-order factors observed in the exploratory factor analyses. Support for configural, metric, scalar (partial), and strict invariance was obtained across the six Western samples, as well as across the two African samples. Support for criterion validity of the Five-Factor Inventory for <i>ICD-11</i> scales was also obtained, with relevant associations between scale scores and the presence of a mental health diagnosis and consulting a mental health professional, but validity was lower in the non-Western samples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"476-490"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}