Personality disorders最新文献

{"title":"Into the dynamics of ICD-11 domains: An investigation of their daily endurance and mutual interplay.","authors":"Dawid Walczak, Radosław Rogoza","doi":"10.1037/per0000788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000788","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The majority of research on dimensional diagnostic models has been conducted using one-time trait measures, constraining the possibility to investigate how their expressions unfold over time. To address that, we recruited 224 participants who filled the daily measures of <i>International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems</i>, 11th ed., states for 30 days (<i>k</i> = 6,132 observations). We found that, after experiencing a preceding increase in the level of any domain, individuals needed more time to return to their personal equilibrium. Next, every significant fluctuation effect regarded negative affectivity, highlighting its role in the process of day-to-day changes between the domains. Taken together, our results suggest the temporal endurance of <i>International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems,</i> 11th ed., domains across daily life, whereas their contemporaneous and spill-over associations suggest that they form an intertwined, dynamic system. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149119838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential item functioning on the Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form 2.0 between sexual and gender minorities and cisgender-heterosexual groups.","authors":"Daniel T Zamora, Tiffany D Russell, Hadley R McCartin, Jared R Ruchensky","doi":"10.1037/per0000787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is currently little work examining personality assessment tools in sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations. The existing literature suggests that these tools struggle to accurately measure personality pathology among these groups. Scholars have hypothesized this difficulty is partly due to instruments failing to consider the effects of minority stress on personality pathology. The current study examined differences between SGM and cis-hetero individuals on the Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form 2.0 using item response theory (IRT) differential item functioning (DIF) analyses. DIF clarifies whether item endorsement is a function of similar levels of personality functioning as well as how effectively items distinguish among individuals across personality functioning severity. To complement these analyses, we also computed traditional difference testing. Participants were a sample of 1,238 community members that include both SGM and cis-hetero individuals. There was no compelling evidence of significant DIF across groups. Findings demonstrate that the Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form 2.0 items function similarly across SGM and cis-hetero individuals. That said, traditional difference testing showed three instances of statistically significant differences between the SGM and cis-hetero subgroups. These findings suggest there is a modest difference in personality functioning across groups that is not attributable to measurement bias. We discuss potential factors influencing the observed pattern of results that require further study, as well as practical concerns for clinicians using these tools to assess SGM clients. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149042528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lay perspectives on using \"dark\" and alternative labels to describe the Dark Tetrad.","authors":"William Hart, Peter J Castagna, Braden T Hall, Sabrina Barella","doi":"10.1037/per0000785","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000785","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The word dark is commonly used in psychological science, most typically to collectively describe the personality traits of narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and sadism (i.e., the Dark Tetrad [D4]). However, some researchers have argued that the field should adopt alternative terms because dark is stigmatizing, sensationalistic, and imprecise. One empirical issue that has arisen as part of this broader debate is how laypeople perceive the term (in relation to alternatives) when it is applied to the D4. To address this matter, laypeople (total <i>N</i> = 753) evaluated dark alongside some popular alternative terms for characterizing the D4 traits. Although participants generally did not perceive dark as less accurate than alternatives (e.g., antagonistic, socially aversive), they did perceive dark as less scientific-sounding and less appropriate for professional use (clinical and research use). Furthermore, perceptions of dark varied across some moral and sociopolitical variables, suggesting that perceptions of the term are variable across people. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To diagnose or not to diagnose? Clinician perceptions of clinical utility and stigma in personality disorder diagnoses.","authors":"Mikaela Tracy, Louise Sharpe, Bo Bach","doi":"10.1037/per0000782","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000782","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Alternative Model of Personality Disorder (AMPD) and the <i>International Classification of Diseases</i>, 11th edition's personality disorder nosologies reflect a shift from categorical to dimensional diagnosis. However, minimal research has investigated clinician perceptions and attitudes surrounding the diagnoses that dimensional models produce. The current study aimed to (a) investigate and directly compare the clinical utility of the <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,</i> fifth edition, with the dimensional AMPD, from the perspective of clinicians, and (b) determine how these different diagnostic systems, and their variations in the portrayal of the same PD symptomology, may affect clinician-rated stigma. A sample of 89 psychologists read a series of case vignettes, with each vignette exhibiting a different variation of personality difficulties and accompanying diagnostic information. Clinicians answered a series of questions regarding clinical utility, their treatment recommendations, and stigma after each case vignette. A series of general linear models, post hoc analyses, and chi-squared tests were utilized. The AMPD was neither inferior nor superior to the <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,</i> fifth edition, categorical model in terms of clinician-perceived clinical utility and stigma attitudes. Diagnostic information more broadly, regardless of the diagnostic system, was more clinically useful than a description-only, formulaic approach to conceptualizing personality difficulties. The absence of diagnostic information was associated with higher stigma among clinicians. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148932083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The criterion validity of general and antisocial personality disorder-specific criterion A in the alternative model of personality disorders: A scoping review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Nathan Akoka, Ashley L Dunne, Michael Trood, Michael Daffern","doi":"10.1037/per0000773","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000773","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The alternative model for personality disorders include two-dimensional criteria: self and interpersonal dysfunction (Criterion A) and maladaptive personality traits (Criterion B). Criterion A is appraised using the Levels of Personality Functioning Scale (LPFS). Personality disorder-specific impairments are also described. This scoping review and meta-analysis evaluates the criterion validity of self-report and observer-rated LPFS measures, and two antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)-specific measures, in assessing Criterion A for ASPD, psychopathy, antisocial behavior, and aggression. Six databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, EMCare, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and PubMed) were searched for studies assessing Criterion A and ASPD, aggression, antisocial behavior, and/or psychopathy. Thirty-two studies were identified. Meta-analysis revealed strong pooled associations between self-report and clinician-rated LPFS measures and Section II ASPD. Effects with psychopathy for self-report LPFS measures were moderate and weak for clinician-rated LPFS. Weak to moderate pooled effects for LPFS with aggression and antisocial behavior were found. ASPD-specific impairments showed moderate associations with Section II ASPD and large associations for psychopathy. Overall, general and ASPD-specific measures demonstrated variable criterion validity with Section II ASPD and associated antisocial constructs. Caution is warranted when assessing Criterion A impairment for antisociality using a single measure in isolation. A clinician-led, multimethod approach that integrates general LPFS-based assessment with instruments specifically designed to capture antisocial features is likely to (a) enhance diagnostic accuracy and (b) improve the clinical utility of Criterion A assessment in informing violence risk formulation and management. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"364-373"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147679357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Subjective Emptiness Scale in nonclinical and clinical samples.","authors":"Laura Di Leonardo, Antonella Lebruto, Antonino Carcione, Antonio Semerari, Gabriele Melli","doi":"10.1037/per0000772","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Subjective emptiness is a state characterized by persistent feelings of unfulfillment and disconnection from the external world. Traditionally associated with borderline personality disorder, subjective emptiness is increasingly recognized as a transdiagnostic construct linked to adverse clinical outcomes and substantial psychosocial impairment. Despite its relevance, specific instruments for assessing this construct remain scarce. To address this gap, Price et al. (2022) developed the Subjective Emptiness Scale (SES), a five-item self-report measure designed to capture the core features of emptiness. Study 1 examined the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the SES in a nonclinical sample of 1,204 participants (71.3% female; <i>M</i>_age = 30.79, <i>SD</i> = 11.31). Study 2 aimed to replicate these findings in a clinical sample of 177 individuals diagnosed with personality disorders (56% female; <i>M</i>_age = 33.22, <i>SD</i> = 11.71). Results from both studies indicated that the Italian version of the SES demonstrated a stable unidimensional structure, full measurement invariance across sex, and good internal consistency across general and clinical populations. SES scores also exhibited the expected pattern of correlations with conceptually related constructs. However, its incremental validity beyond depressive symptoms appeared questionable, suggesting a substantial overlap between subjective emptiness and depression-related experiences. Accurate assessment of subjective emptiness may contribute to a more refined understanding of its role as a central psychological mechanism in personality pathology and inform the development of targeted interventions, ultimately improving treatment outcomes. Future research should clarify the conceptual and empirical boundaries between emptiness and depression to improve measurement precision. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"329-339"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147944083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mixed-methods investigation of feelings of inner emptiness in community young adults: Associations with identity and personality functioning, health risk behaviors, and (mal)adaptive coping strategies.","authors":"Annabel Bogaerts, Kristina Eggermont, Christopher J Hopwood","doi":"10.1037/per0000776","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000776","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inner emptiness is a transdiagnostic experience linked to self-injurious and suicidal behaviors, yet its underlying structure and psychosocial correlates remain poorly understood, particularly in nonclinical young adults. This mixed-methods study examined the structure of emptiness and its associations with identity and personality functioning, health risk behaviors, and coping strategies in community young adults, a developmental period marked by identity and personality consolidation, and increased vulnerability to maladaptive behaviors. A total of 737 young adults (<i>M</i>_age = 21.70; 66.6% female) completed online self-report measures and wrote personal narratives about their experience of emptiness. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on the Subjective Emptiness Scale and the Multidimensional Sense of Emptiness Scale. Quantitative analyses assessed associations with psychosocial factors, and narrative data were thematically analyzed for subjective experiences of emptiness and coping strategies in response to emptiness. Factor analyses revealed a three-factor structure: Feelings of Inner Emptiness, Absence of Relatedness, and Meaninglessness. Narrative analysis supported this structure. Experiences of emptiness were often described in physical terms and varied in frequency, chronicity, and triggers. Feelings of Inner Emptiness were strongly associated with identity disturbances, personality dysfunction, and greater engagement in self-harm and disordered eating. Furthermore, emptiness was linked to greater use of externalizing and distancing coping strategies, alongside adaptive strategies such as seeking support. These findings offer a more nuanced understanding of emptiness beyond clinical populations and highlight its connections to self- and interpersonal dysfunction, engagement in internalizing health risk behaviors, and avoidance-focused coping strategies. Longitudinal research is needed to investigate temporal pathways. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"305-318"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147944101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seven-year stability of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder symptom criteria in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder.","authors":"Yiqing Fan, Immanuela C Obisie-Orlu, Tarry Mkhize, Allison M Letkiewicz, Jane L Eisen, Steven A Rasmussen, Christina L Boisseau","doi":"10.1037/per0000768","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000768","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) commonly co-occurs with personality disorders, particularly obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD). Recent research suggests that personality disorders, especially OCPD, might not be as stable as once thought. The current study investigates the longitudinal stability of OCPD diagnosis and individual symptom criteria in individuals with OCD. Around 320 participants with a primary diagnosis of OCD were included in the study, with diagnostic assessments conducted annually for 7 years. Logistic mixed-effects models were conducted to examine the relationship between time and OCPD diagnosis ratings, as well as the relationship between time and each OCPD symptom criterion over 7 years. In individuals with OCD, time was a significant predictor of OCPD diagnosis which indicated diagnostic instability, with the likelihood of OCPD diagnosis decreasing over time. Three individual criteria (detail-oriented, inflexible, overconscientious, and scrupulous, and miserly spending style) were shown to be stable while the other five (perfectionism, reluctance to delegate, rigidity and stubbornness, excessive work devotion, and inability to discard) were unstable. OCPD diagnosis ratings generally remained stable with some decrease over time in individuals with OCD and consist of a mix of enduring and episodic symptom criteria. It suggests the need for a refinement of OCPD diagnostic criteria and future research on symptom stability of OCPD across different diagnostic groups. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"374-383"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13108514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Good enough assessment: A comparison of brief screener and detailed interview assessments of borderline personality disorder symptoms in a clinical research setting.","authors":"Laura Furtado Fernandes, Margaret Taylor Davis, Wenjing Luo, Thea Marika McAfee, Katherine Greenlee Jones, Gabriel Chandler, Sarah K Fineberg","doi":"10.1037/per0000771","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000771","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Structured clinical interviews are the gold standard for identifying borderline personality disorder (BPD) in research. No self-report instrument has been validated as a replacement tool for BPD diagnosis. However, clinical interviews can be time and cost-intensive, limiting their utility as appropriate screening tools. Also, data are lacking regarding the level of training and education interviewers need to use BPD screening instruments effectively. The goal of this project was to clarify best practices for brief screening interviews to identify potential research participants with BPD. We analyzed data from research participants (<i>N</i> = 366) who completed both a brief phone screen and clinical interview assessments of BPD symptom experience. A subset (<i>n</i> = 120) also completed BPD-focused self-report questionnaires. Agreement between the full-length interview and the brief phone screen assessment was moderate (Cohen's κ = .63), and phone screens were more sensitive than specific (sensitivity = .92, specificity = .73). Fitting a logistic regression model to observations did not increase specificity without lowering sensitivity. Using a decision tree to shorten the phone screen process did not increase misclassifications, remained ∼18%; χ²(1) = 0.13, <i>p</i> = .72. Self-report instruments were not highly correlated with clinical interview scores and were more specific than sensitive, suggesting they are poor screening tools (<i>r</i> values .1-.28). Finally, screener education level did not predict agreement between assessments. Our findings suggest that full-length clinical interview assessments remain necessary for accurate identification of BPD in research contexts. However, phone screens, even if shortened and conducted by nonclinically trained personnel, can serve as a reliable first step in the screening process. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"340-350"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13178104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147944074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometrics of the Personality Inventory for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders to measure the international classification of diseases trait model: A meta-analysis.","authors":"Saeid Komasi, André Kerber, Carla Sharp","doi":"10.1037/per0000779","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the Personality Inventory for <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i> (5th ed.; PID-5) was initially designed to assess the <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i> (5th ed.) trait model, a modified scoring algorithm was developed to evaluate the <i>International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems</i> (11th ed.; <i>ICD-11</i>) trait model constructs. This meta-analysis aimed to examine the internal (structural and discriminant types) and external (convergent and criterion types) validity of the PID-5 to measure the <i>ICD-11</i> trait model constructs (the PID <i>ICD</i> scale). Systematic searches in PubMed, Scopus, PsycNET, and Google Scholar were used to screen all articles published between January 2013 and October 2024. Given the high heterogeneity in the results of the included studies, the random-effects method was used for all pooled estimates. Ten medium to high-quality reports consisting of 12,840 people (2,551 psychiatric patients and 10,289 nonpatients) were entered into the meta-analysis. The pooled estimates supported the five-factor structure with good model fit indices (root-mean-square error of approximation = .06, comparative fit index = .97, Tucker-Lewis index = .93, standardized root-mean-square residual = .02). Alpha coefficients were between .86 and .93 for all factors (<i>Mdn</i> = 0.89) and the factor intercorrelations were between .11 and .49. The expected correlations were found between the factors and symptoms of 10 personality disorders (all between -.07 and .62). The mean scores of all factors were significantly higher in the clinical than nonclinical sample (<i>d</i> between 0.68 and 1.37) and the Area Under the receiver operating characteristic Curve values were significant (all between .65 and .83). We tentatively suggest that the PID <i>ICD</i> may function as an applicable questionnaire with generally acceptable internal and external validity, while noting that the Anankastia scale-particularly the perseveration subfacet-warrants extra caution in interpretation due to its poor convergence with regular <i>ICD</i> scales. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"351-363"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148280322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}