Personality disorders最新文献

Examining suicidal thoughts and behaviors across levels of personality functioning: A generalized additive model approach. 跨人格功能水平检查自杀想法和行为：一种广义加性模型方法。

IF 4.2

Personality disorders Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-02 DOI: 10.1037/per0000763

Jessica La Rocca, Paulina A Kulesz, Carla Sharp

{"title":"Examining suicidal thoughts and behaviors across levels of personality functioning: A generalized additive model approach.","authors":"Jessica La Rocca, Paulina A Kulesz, Carla Sharp","doi":"10.1037/per0000763","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000763","url":null,"abstract":"Suicide is a leading cause of death among emerging adults in the United States. Despite decades of research attempting to target risk factors, our ability to predict suicide remains insufficient. The objective of our examination was to investigate the utility of Criterion A of the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders in predicting suicide outcomes by identifying the level-specific contribution of levels of personality functioning (LPF) to suicidal thoughts and behaviors. To address our research questions, we employed generalized additive modeling in subsamples of 145 young adults endorsing suicidal ideation, and 158 young adults endorsing at least one lifetime suicide attempt who were recruited from college and clinical settings. Clinical participants endorsed past or current, confirmed or subthreshold borderline personality disorder. Results indicated a nonlinear trend in suicidal ideation with the sharpest increase at Level 2 of the LPF scale, operationalized via the Semistructured Interview for Personality Functioning. In addition, the increase in lifetime attempt history was nonuniform, with the greatest increase in odds ratio ratios occurring between Level 1 and Level 2. Findings support Level 2 of LPF as a potential inflection point for suicide risk detection and further challenge the notion of linear relationships between personality pathology severity and suicide risk. Implications of these findings are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"200-209"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147327878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Borderline personality disorder does not predict treatment outcome in a partial hospital program independent of internalizing and harmful substance use dimensions. 在独立于内化和有害物质使用维度的部分医院计划中，边缘性人格障碍不能预测治疗结果。

IF 4.2

Personality disorders Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1037/per0000758

Kimberly J Gilbert, Christopher C Conway, Ivar Snorrason, Courtney Beard, Emma Moscardini, Thröstur Björgvinsson

{"title":"Borderline personality disorder does not predict treatment outcome in a partial hospital program independent of internalizing and harmful substance use dimensions.","authors":"Kimberly J Gilbert, Christopher C Conway, Ivar Snorrason, Courtney Beard, Emma Moscardini, Thröstur Björgvinsson","doi":"10.1037/per0000758","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000758","url":null,"abstract":"Borderline personality disorder (BPD) diagnoses reliably predict worse mental health treatment outcomes. It is unknown whether multidimensional models of psychopathology, increasingly viewed as viable alternatives to traditional diagnostic systems, can match BPD's predictive power in clinical settings. In a sample of 2,625 partial hospital patients, we compared BPD with internalizing and harmful substance use dimensions as predictors of treatment success, defined by improvement in symptom severity, functional impairment, and quality of life. On a bivariate level, BPD features were moderately related to posttreatment functional impairment (r = .28) and quality of life (r = -.24), but not self-rated symptom improvement (r = .04). When adjusting for internalizing and harmful substance use, however, BPD features had very little unique predictive power. Instead, the internalizing spectrum was the strongest, most consistent predictor of symptom and functional improvement. This pattern of effects suggests that broad dimensions of psychopathology, particularly internalizing, capture much of BPD's prognostic utility in a partial hospital setting. We advise more attention to how the traditional BPD diagnosis compares to broad psychopathology dimensions in terms of clinical utility. This study's data, analysis code, and materials are posted at https://osf.io/wpy7e. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"210-219"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145746033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Change in personality functioning during treatment with BPD compass. BPD罗盘治疗期间人格功能的改变。

IF 4.2

Personality disorders Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-02 DOI: 10.1037/per0000762

Shannon Sauer-Zavala, Madeline Kushner, Hannah Croom, Doug Terrill, Sarah Cecil, Caden Maynard, Alexandra Hines, Nicole Stumpp, Martina Fruhbauerova, Vincent Buchenberger, Matthew W Southward

{"title":"Change in personality functioning during treatment with BPD compass.","authors":"Shannon Sauer-Zavala, Madeline Kushner, Hannah Croom, Doug Terrill, Sarah Cecil, Caden Maynard, Alexandra Hines, Nicole Stumpp, Martina Fruhbauerova, Vincent Buchenberger, Matthew W Southward","doi":"10.1037/per0000762","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000762","url":null,"abstract":"The Alternative Model of Personality Disorders suggests that borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by disturbed personality functioning (self- and other), along with elevated levels of negative affectivity, antagonism, and disinhibition. This study explored the extent to which BPD Compass, a cognitive-behavioral intervention targeting maladaptive personality variants most associated with BPD, addresses the components of Alternative Model of Personality Disorders-defined BPD. In addition, we explored whether improvements in personality functioning were associated with improvements in BPD symptoms. Our intent-to-treat sample included 100 adults (N = 93 who started treatment and had data available for analyses) who met criteria for BPD and were, on average, 28.13 (SD = 8.80) years old, White (n = 88; 88.9%), identified as female (n = 73; 73.7%), and identified as sexual minorities (n = 64; 64.6%). We employed a series of hierarchical linear models to evaluate changes across personality domains and facets during 18 sessions of BPD Compass delivered via telehealth. We also tested whether changes in personality functioning were associated with changes in BPD symptoms using multilevel structural equation modeling. Results suggest significant improvements in negative affectivity, antagonism, disinhibition, and personality functioning during treatment, with medium-to-large effect sizes observed for multiple facets. BPD Compass also was associated with significant improvements in BPD symptoms, and changes in symptoms were significantly correlated with changes in each higher order personality trait. This pattern of results provides support for the feasibility of targeting dimensional traits and indicates that targeting higher order personality traits may streamline care and improve outcomes for BPD patients. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"189-199"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147328545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Heterogeneity in the structure of aggressive personality. 攻击性人格结构的异质性。

IF 4.2

Personality disorders Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-02 DOI: 10.1037/per0000770

David S Chester

{"title":"Heterogeneity in the structure of aggressive personality.","authors":"David S Chester","doi":"10.1037/per0000770","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000770","url":null,"abstract":"Aggressiveness is a core feature of many personality disorders. Dozens of dispositional aggressiveness scales exist with their own idiosyncratic factor structures, but they can be distilled down into six factors: relational, angry, violent, retaliatory, intimate, and alcohol. Yet it remains unknown how this comprehensive factor structure might change or remain stable at relatively high levels of aggressiveness-knowledge with considerable relevance to the study of personality pathology. To examine this, I used factor mixture modeling on self-report data from 1,447 diverse undergraduates from a Minority Serving Institution, which combined the person-centered and variable-centered approaches of profile and factor analyses. Analyses revealed three latent profiles that were initially characterized by high (∼14% of sample), medium (∼41%), or low (∼45%) levels of all six aggressiveness factors. Looking at the profile-specific factor solutions, five of the six original factors reemerged with considerable similarity across profiles. These factors' profile-specific configurations and correlations portrayed a shift, in which more aggressive profiles were characterized less by angry tendencies toward retaliation and more by their antagonistic traits. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"220-229"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147610839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seven-year stability of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder symptom criteria in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder. 强迫性人格障碍症状标准7年稳定性分析。

IF 4.2

Personality disorders Pub Date : 2026-04-23 DOI: 10.1037/per0000768

Yiqing Fan, Immanuela C Obisie-Orlu, Tarry Mkhize, Allison M Letkiewicz, Jane L Eisen, Steven A Rasmussen, Christina L Boisseau

{"title":"Seven-year stability of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder symptom criteria in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder.","authors":"Yiqing Fan, Immanuela C Obisie-Orlu, Tarry Mkhize, Allison M Letkiewicz, Jane L Eisen, Steven A Rasmussen, Christina L Boisseau","doi":"10.1037/per0000768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000768","url":null,"abstract":"Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) commonly co-occurs with personality disorders, particularly obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD). Recent research suggests that personality disorders, especially OCPD, might not be as stable as once thought. The current study investigates the longitudinal stability of OCPD diagnosis and individual symptom criteria in individuals with OCD. Around 320 participants with a primary diagnosis of OCD were included in the study, with diagnostic assessments conducted annually for 7 years. Logistic mixed-effects models were conducted to examine the relationship between time and OCPD diagnosis ratings, as well as the relationship between time and each OCPD symptom criterion over 7 years. In individuals with OCD, time was a significant predictor of OCPD diagnosis which indicated diagnostic instability, with the likelihood of OCPD diagnosis decreasing over time. Three individual criteria (detail-oriented, inflexible, overconscientious, and scrupulous, and miserly spending style) were shown to be stable while the other five (perfectionism, reluctance to delegate, rigidity and stubbornness, excessive work devotion, and inability to discard) were unstable. OCPD diagnosis ratings generally remained stable with some decrease over time in individuals with OCD and consist of a mix of enduring and episodic symptom criteria. It suggests the need for a refinement of OCPD diagnostic criteria and future research on symptom stability of OCPD across different diagnostic groups. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13108514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The dynamics of fantasy in daily life: Differentiating schizoid and narcissistic phenomena. 日常生活中的幻想动态：区分精神分裂和自恋现象。

IF 4.2

Personality disorders Pub Date : 2026-04-16 DOI: 10.1037/per0000775

Marco Di Sarno, Fabio Madeddu, Erika Fanti, Caterina Felici, Rossella Di Pierro, Emanuele Preti

{"title":"The dynamics of fantasy in daily life: Differentiating schizoid and narcissistic phenomena.","authors":"Marco Di Sarno, Fabio Madeddu, Erika Fanti, Caterina Felici, Rossella Di Pierro, Emanuele Preti","doi":"10.1037/per0000775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000775","url":null,"abstract":"This work investigates fantasy in daily life, in relation to momentary mood and personality pathology. First, a pilot study gathers and pretests a set of items to assess and differentiate grandiose fantasy (GF) and schizoid fantasy: A two-factor structure emerges, despite the strong correlation between the factors. Then, the main preregistered study uses ecological momentary assessment in a community sample (N = 150; 3,396 observations) to investigate the correlates of momentary fantasy. Narcissistic traits are uniquely associated with GF but not with schizoid fantasy. The opposite is true for schizoid traits, in line with our hypotheses. Also, momentary negative mood is associated with both fantasies. Exploratory analyses suggest that (a) this pattern of associations holds when controlling for personality dysfunction; (b) narcissistic traits of agentic extraversion and antagonism are responsible for the association of narcissism with GF; (c) there is no evidence that associations between momentary mood and fantasies are moderated by personality traits; and (d) there is no cross-lagged association between mood and fantasy. The study indicates that fantasy may not be a unitary construct, and that both stable individual differences and momentary mood are associated with its deployment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The criterion validity of general and antisocial personality disorder-specific criterion A in the alternative model of personality disorders: A scoping review and meta-analysis. 人格障碍替代模型中一般与反社会型人格障碍特异性标准A的效度：范围回顾与元分析。

IF 4.2

Personality disorders Pub Date : 2026-04-13 DOI: 10.1037/per0000773

Nathan Akoka, Ashley L Dunne, Michael Trood, Michael Daffern

{"title":"The criterion validity of general and antisocial personality disorder-specific criterion A in the alternative model of personality disorders: A scoping review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Nathan Akoka, Ashley L Dunne, Michael Trood, Michael Daffern","doi":"10.1037/per0000773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000773","url":null,"abstract":"The alternative model for personality disorders include two-dimensional criteria: self and interpersonal dysfunction (Criterion A) and maladaptive personality traits (Criterion B). Criterion A is appraised using the Levels of Personality Functioning Scale (LPFS). Personality disorder-specific impairments are also described. This scoping review and meta-analysis evaluates the criterion validity of self-report and observer-rated LPFS measures, and two antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)-specific measures, in assessing Criterion A for ASPD, psychopathy, antisocial behavior, and aggression. Six databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, EMCare, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and PubMed) were searched for studies assessing Criterion A and ASPD, aggression, antisocial behavior, and/or psychopathy. Thirty-two studies were identified. Meta-analysis revealed strong pooled associations between self-report and clinician-rated LPFS measures and Section II ASPD. Effects with psychopathy for self-report LPFS measures were moderate and weak for clinician-rated LPFS. Weak to moderate pooled effects for LPFS with aggression and antisocial behavior were found. ASPD-specific impairments showed moderate associations with Section II ASPD and large associations for psychopathy. Overall, general and ASPD-specific measures demonstrated variable criterion validity with Section II ASPD and associated antisocial constructs. Caution is warranted when assessing Criterion A impairment for antisociality using a single measure in isolation. A clinician-led, multimethod approach that integrates general LPFS-based assessment with instruments specifically designed to capture antisocial features is likely to (a) enhance diagnostic accuracy and (b) improve the clinical utility of Criterion A assessment in informing violence risk formulation and management. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147679357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effectiveness and premature termination of inpatient dialectical behavior therapy for men and women with borderline personality disorder: A comparative study. 辩证行为治疗对男女边缘型人格障碍的疗效及过早终止的比较研究。

IF 4.2

Personality disorders Pub Date : 2026-04-13 DOI: 10.1037/per0000766

Leonie Strunk, Kathrin Dreyße, Christoph Kröger

{"title":"Effectiveness and premature termination of inpatient dialectical behavior therapy for men and women with borderline personality disorder: A comparative study.","authors":"Leonie Strunk, Kathrin Dreyße, Christoph Kröger","doi":"10.1037/per0000766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000766","url":null,"abstract":"Fewer men than women with borderline personality disorder (BPD) may be found in clinical and research settings, and so the majority of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) treatment studies have focused on women. Because of this, DBT has not been sufficiently studied for treating BPD in men. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of gender on symptom trajectory differences and on the frequency and reasons for premature termination of treatment during a 3-month certified inpatient DBT program. The treatment-seeking sample included n = 1,991 women and n = 295 men with BPD who received treatment in a psychosomatic care hospital. Self-rated BPD symptoms were the primary outcome. There was no substantial moderating effect of sex on symptom trajectories from pre- to posttreatment. The effect sizes for borderline symptoms were g = .16 for men and g = .37 for women, respectively. According to the reliable change index, 26.1% of men and 17.9% of women experienced a deterioration in borderline symptoms; conversely, 42.1% of the women reliably improved compared with 35.9% of the men. No differences were observed in either the frequency of premature treatment discontinuation or the reasons for it. Due to symptom deterioration or the absence of improvement, a larger subgroup of men seemed to benefit less from therapy compared with women. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147679359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Explaining the association between suicidal desire and borderline personality disorder traits: A test of the three-step theory of suicide. 解释自杀欲望与边缘型人格障碍特征之间的关系：自杀三步理论的检验。

IF 4.2

Personality disorders Pub Date : 2026-04-13 DOI: 10.1037/per0000767

Titania Dixon-Luinenburg, Boaz Y Saffer, David E Manuel, E David Klonsky

{"title":"Explaining the association between suicidal desire and borderline personality disorder traits: A test of the three-step theory of suicide.","authors":"Titania Dixon-Luinenburg, Boaz Y Saffer, David E Manuel, E David Klonsky","doi":"10.1037/per0000767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000767","url":null,"abstract":"The three-step theory of suicide (3ST) states that pain and hopelessness cause suicidal desire and that the extent to which pain exceeds connectedness determines the strength of suicidal desire. The ability of these premises to account for elevated suicidal desire in those with borderline personality disorder (BPD) traits was examined in 852 undergraduates oversampled for suicide risk (456 had histories of suicide ideation or attempts). Validated self-report questionnaires assessed BPD traits, current suicidal desire, psychological pain, hopelessness, and connectedness. Consistent with Step 1 of the 3ST, variance explained in suicidal desire by BPD traits was reduced from 16% to only 1% when controlling for pain and hopelessness. Consistent with Step 2, among those with suicidal desire, variance explained in the magnitude of that suicidal desire by BPD reduced from 6% to 0% when controlling for a pain-connectedness difference score. In a simpler model, controlling for pain, hopelessness, and connectedness reduced variance explained in suicidal desire by BPD from 16% to 0%. These findings suggest that the 3ST provides a useful lens to understand elevated suicidal desire in individuals with BPD and can inform suicide treatment and prevention strategies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147679317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The proportionality hypothesis: Personality disorder traits weaken the link between impairment and change motivation. 比例假设：人格障碍特征削弱了损害与改变动机之间的联系。

IF 4.2

Personality disorders Pub Date : 2026-04-02 DOI: 10.1037/per0000769

William P Hart, Danielle E Wahlers

{"title":"The proportionality hypothesis: Personality disorder traits weaken the link between impairment and change motivation.","authors":"William P Hart, Danielle E Wahlers","doi":"10.1037/per0000769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000769","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical theory has long characterized personality disorders (PDs) as difficult to treat, reflecting limited insight into impairment, and harmonious with the self-concept. However, recent evidence suggests that PD traits can diminish over time and that individuals higher in PD traits report greater impairment and motivation to change. We proposed the proportionality hypothesis to reconcile these seemingly contradictory perspectives on PDs. This hypothesis suggests that people elevated in PD traits do acknowledge impairment and express motivation to change, but their motivation is reduced relative to the extent of their acknowledged impairment. In Study 1, participants reported their PD traits, current life impairment, and change motivation. As expected, PD traits were associated with greater impairment and change motivation. However, consistent with the proportionality hypothesis, the positive association between impairment and change motivation was weakened with increments in psychoticism and antagonism, and this attenuation was also apparent for the global PD-trait composite. Study 2 included Study 1's domain-general indicators of impairment and change motivation along with trait-specific indicators of these two constructs. Largely consistent with Study 1, the positive association between domain-general impairment and change motivation was weakened with increments in all PD traits except detachment as well as the global composite; however, proportionality effects failed to clearly extend to the trait-specific measures. We speculate about potential mechanisms underlying these patterns and highlight potential clinical implications and directions for future research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147610854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0