Personality disorders最新文献

{"title":"Revisiting the structure of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, Section II personality disorder criteria using individual participant data meta-analysis.","authors":"Steffen Müller, Ulrich Schroeders, Nathan Bachrach, Cord Benecke, Lara Cuevas, Stephan Doering, Ask Elklit, Fernando Gutiérrez, Michael P Hengartner, Todd E Hogue, Christopher J Hopwood, Joni L Mihura, Thomas F Oltmanns, Muirne C S Paap, Geir Pedersen, Daniela Renn, Whitney R Ringwald, Gina Rossi, Jack Samuels, Carla Sharp, Erik Simonsen, Andrew E Skodol, Aidan G C Wright, Mark Zimmerman, Johannes Zimmermann","doi":"10.1037/per0000736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The factor structure of personality disorder (PD) criteria has long been debated, but due to previous heterogeneous findings, a common structure to represent covariation among the <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,</i> fourth edition <i>(DSM-IV)/DSM-5</i> Section II PD criteria remains an open question. This study integrated individual participant data from 25 samples (<i>N</i> = 30,545) to conduct factor analyses of PD criteria. Measurement invariance tests across gender, clinical status, and assessment method indicated substantial structural differences between interview-based and self-report measures. In interviews, a confirmatory 10-factor model with factors representing specific <i>DSM-5</i> PDs showed a major misfit, with results from exploratory factor analyses suggesting that this was due to a relatively small number of substantial secondary loadings. In self-reports, a confirmatory 10-factor model showed greater misfit than in interviews, and exploratory solutions were more complex. When five factors were extracted, the factors showed some similarity to maladaptive trait domains such as Negative Affectivity and Disinhibition, but there were substantial differences in factor content between interviews and self-reports. In bifactor models, a general factor explained more common variance in self-reports, whereas the content of general factors was similar in both assessment methods. Our findings suggest that interview and self-report measures of PD criteria are not structurally equivalent. To advance research on the structure of PD, it may be useful to consequently focus on the shared variance of multiple methods. For this purpose, future multimethod studies should combine interviews and self-reports with other assessment methods such as informant reports. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144710159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement invariance of the Five-Factor Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory in a U.S. census-matched sample: Demographic differences in obsessive-compulsive personality disorder traits across age, gender, and education.","authors":"Ronnie Hill, Susan C South, Douglas B Samuel","doi":"10.1037/per0000740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Five-Factor Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (FFOCI) provides an assessment of personality traits relevant to obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is the most prevalent personality disorder within community samples, and the literature marks that some demographic groups are more at risk than others. The FFOCI, however, has never been explored to demonstrate that it assesses these traits in the same way across groups. The current study adds to the literature by evaluating its measurement invariance across gender, education, and age via the alignment method in a sample of 500 U.S. census-matched adults. A novel contribution of the study is the use of the alignment method, which suggested that the FFOCI demonstrated invariance across groups, allowing for mean-level comparison in traits related to overcontrol. Analyses demonstrated that invariance of the FFOCI held across age, gender, and educational level. Mean-level comparisons between groups showed that college-educated individuals were not significantly higher than noncollege-educated on traits relating to overcontrol. There were nuanced differences between men and women, and differences between age groups were more complicated than originally anticipated. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144676789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychopathy testing bias in sexual orientation minorities.","authors":"Kelci C Davis, Jaime L Anderson","doi":"10.1037/per0000741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Measures of psychopathic personality traits have been utilized in a variety of settings and are often weighed heavily in decision-making. Though there is evidence of testing bias in marginalized groups, no evaluation of potential bias has been conducted for bias among sexual orientation minorities. This study utilized a slope-intercept bias approach to evaluate the testing bias of three self-report psychopathy measures: the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure, the Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality-Self-Report, and the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale. Broadly, the current findings suggest psychopathy measures predominantly overpredict personality psychopathology and related impairment in sexual minorities, especially detachment, and disinhibition. Reassuringly, although some measures and scales had significantly overpredicted antisocial behaviors, none of these differences reached a threshold of clinically meaningful implications. Nonetheless, the risk of both testing and clinician bias should continue to be assessed in sexual minority persons and other diverse groups to ensure equitable evaluations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144651443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The search for primary and secondary subtypes of callous-unemotional traits in detained boys.","authors":"Thomas Cassart, Melina Nicole Kyranides, Stijn Vandevelde, Kostas A Fanti, Olivier F Colins","doi":"10.1037/per0000742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the existence and validity of variants of callous-unemotional (CU) traits. Data were available for 309 detained boys (<i>M</i>_age = 16.96) who completed self-reports, experimental tasks, and were administered a diagnostic interview. Two different methods were used to differentiate between participants with different constellations of CU traits and anxiety. Using a simple cutoff approach, participants were assigned to four groups: low CU traits and low anxiety (<i>n</i> = 148), low CU traits and high anxiety (<i>n</i> = 69), high CU traits and low anxiety (\"primary CU variant\"; <i>n</i> = 68), and high CU traits and high anxiety (\"secondary CU variant\"; <i>n</i> = 24). Latent profile analyses arrived at three classes but failed to find a \"secondary CU variant\" class. Group comparisons that were based on the simple cutoff approach showed that youth who fell in the secondary (vs. primary) CU variant group presented more depressive symptoms and were less able to differentiate between emotions. These two groups did not significantly differ in any of the other 36 correlates (e.g., impulsivity, maltreatment, and treatment engagement). Only a few significant differences emerged between the two CU variant groups and youth characterized by low CU traits and high anxiety. Taken together, we found limited support for the existence and utility of CU variants among detained boys. Not only did the identification of the CU variants depend upon the method that was used, the two CU variant groups rarely were significantly different in theoretically important features. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144651444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychopathy as a bipolar construct: Testing the risk-promotive status of the four psychopathy checklist-revised/screening version facet scores in six clinical samples.","authors":"Glenn D Walters, Raymond A Knight, Klaus-Peter Dahle","doi":"10.1037/per0000714","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study tested the possibility that the four facets of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised/Screening Version (PCL-R/SV) serve as bipolar constructs in predicting future criminal justice outcomes. Organizing scores on the four facets (Interpersonal, Affective, Lifestyle, and Antisocial) into three categories-that is, lowest 25% of cases (best category), highest 25% of cases (worst category), and middle 50% of cases (intermediate category)-we tested bipolarity by crossing the three categories with a dichotomized crime/violence outcome and calculating both promotive (best category vs. worst + intermediate categories) and risk (worst category vs. best + intermediate categories) effects in six samples. Bipolarity was defined as the simultaneous presence of promotive (low scores predicting a good outcome) and risk (high scores predicting a poor outcome) effects for each PCL-R/SV facet in each sample. Odds ratios and the Cochrane-Armitage linear trend test revealed evidence of bipolarity in one of six samples for the Interpersonal facet, three of six samples for the Affective facet, five of six samples for the Lifestyle facet, and all six samples for the Antisocial facet. An item response theory analysis was then conducted, the results of which supported the facet-level findings from the odds ratio and Cochrane-Armitage analyses at the individual item level. These results provide modest (Affective facet) to moderately strong (Lifestyle and Antisocial facets) evidence of bipolarity in three of the four facets of the PCL-R/SV by showing that low scores are just as effective in predicting good criminal justice outcomes as high scores are in predicting poor criminal justice outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"350-364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations among psychopathy, relationship satisfaction, and professional success in couples.","authors":"Aaron Hissey, Matt Hammond, Joseph Bulbulia, Chris G Sibley, Elena Zubielevitch, Hedwig Eisenbarth","doi":"10.1037/per0000706","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals' psychopathic personality traits can have negative effects on the people around them. This research investigated whether the negativity of someone's psychopathic personality crosses over to their partner and then spills over into their partner's workplace. Using a nationally diverse community sample of 490 employed romantic couples from the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study, cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses examined the associations among psychopathy facets (fearless dominance, self-centered impulsivity, and coldheartedness), relationship satisfaction, and professional success. Cross-sectional dyadic modeling indicated that an individual's coldheartedness was negatively associated with their partner's occupational prestige, although there was no evidence that partner's relationship satisfaction mediated this link. Furthermore, the associations between psychopathy and professional success at the individual level were partially mediated by a person's own relationship satisfaction. Longitudinal dyadic modeling suggested that an individual's self-centered impulsivity negatively predicted their partner's relationship satisfaction and positively predicted their partner's occupational prestige over time. Collectively, this research suggests that an individual's psychopathic traits may foster negativity in relationships that spills over into their own workplaces but do not cross and spill over to their partner's workplace. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"365-376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elemental psychopathy assessment's nomological net: A meta-analytic review.","authors":"Nathaniel L Phillips, Leigha Rose, Donald R Lynam, Joshua D Miller","doi":"10.1037/per0000728","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychopathy is a longstanding construct of great clinical interest, marked by traits such as Callousness, manipulativeness, and impulsivity. The Elemental Psychopathy Assessment (EPA; Lynam et al., 2011) was developed to anchor the measurement of psychopathy within the five-factor model of personality. This preregistered study presents a meta-analytic review of the EPA's construct validity, examining its relations at the domain and total levels with other psychopathy measures, personality traits, and psychopathological outcomes. Drawing from 50 studies across 38 articles, over 3,500 effect sizes were analyzed. EPA Antagonism showed strong convergent validity with constructs like Triarchic Model of Psychopathy Meanness and Self-Report Psychopathy Scale-III Callous Affect, while EPA Disinhibition was closely linked to impulsivity-related traits such as Triarchic Model of Psychopathy Disinhibition and Self-Report Psychopathy Scale-III Erratic Lifestyle. EPA Narcissism was associated with interpersonal dominance and Manipulation, whereas EPA Emotional Stability generally showed positive relations with adaptive traits and outcomes. Antagonism and Disinhibition emerged as the core psychopathy traits, while the role of Emotional Stability remained uncertain due to its varied associations with maladaptive outcomes. Moderator analyses revealed differences across sample types and EPA versions. These findings offer meta-analytic support for the EPA's validity, highlighting the centrality of Antagonism and Disinhibition, and the complexity of Emotional Stability in the psychopathy construct. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"377-393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graduate student perspectives on training and clinical experiences with antagonism treatment.","authors":"Courtland S Hyatt, Nathaniel L Phillips, Chelsea E Sleep, Donald R Lynam, Joshua D Miller","doi":"10.1037/per0000688","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000688","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this preregistered study was to gather evidence on training and clinical experiences offered by clinical psychology doctoral programs on the treatment of antagonism-a construct from the personality and psychopathology literature that captures individual differences in aggressiveness, callousness, grandiosity, domineering, and manipulativeness. We surveyed current graduate students (<i>N</i> = 376) in APA-accredited clinical psychology doctoral programs (<i>M</i>_age = 28.4; 83.2% female; 65.2% White) about their experiences in training and treatment of antagonistic patients (ANT-patients) as well as experiences with patients with predominant negative affect (NA; e.g., anxious and depressed). Students reported significantly less training to treat antagonism compared to NA (|<i>ds</i>| = 0.43-2.88), as well as lower rates of direct clinical experience, generally poorer treatment experiences, and stronger countertransference reactions (|<i>ds</i>| = 0.53-1.40). These discrepancies were especially large for adult-focused students compared to child/adolescent-focused students. In fact, adult-focused students reported a mean competency rating of <i>M</i> = 1.71, between the scalar points <i>not competent at all</i> (1) and <i>a little bit competent</i> (2). Overall, these results indicate a lack of training and competence to treat antagonism among current graduate students, especially adult-focused students. We believe the crux of this issue is a field-wide lack of robust empirical work on antagonism treatments (for adults). Moving forward, we implore researchers and funding agencies to help address this substantial gap, which is both an ethical and practical imperative. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"299-304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141989706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do people want to change antagonistic personality traits-and can interventions help them do so?","authors":"Nathan W Hudson, Sierra M Rufino","doi":"10.1037/per0000723","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A recent survey of clinical doctoral students found that emerging clinicians feel ill-equipped to treat antagonism-related disorders and that they perceive inferior treatment outcomes (as compared to those with neuroticism-based disorders). That said, the clinician is only one half of the therapeutic relationship-and client qualities, such as motivation, are also important predictors of treatment success. The present article integrates insights from the personality development literature regarding whether nonclinical populations want to change with respect to agreeableness/antagonism, and whether interventions can help them do so. To that end, although people express goals to change all Big Five personality traits, the research literature consistently indicates that these desires are weakest for agreeableness (and openness) as compared to extraversion, conscientiousness, and emotional stability. Moreover, interventions that have successfully increased extraversion, conscientiousness, and emotional stability have struggled to help individuals become more agreeable. These findings are discussed, and future research directions are outlined. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":"16 4","pages":"305-309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144509883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antagonistic but holier than thou: Antagonistic people think they are (way) better-than-average on moral character.","authors":"William Hart, Braden T Hall, Joshua T Lambert, Charlotte K Cease, Danielle E Wahlers","doi":"10.1037/per0000685","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000685","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although clinical psychologists have long speculated that antagonistic individuals may lack insight into their moral deficits, some evidence has shown that more (vs. less) antagonistic people view moral traits as somewhat desirable and rate themselves as lower on moral characteristics (suggestive of some insight). But, we suggest that antagonistic people's struggles with insight can be detected as part of a basic social-cognitive bias that entails believing the self is better-than-average on socially desirable characteristics (i.e., the \"better-than-average effect\" [BTAE]). Specifically, although antagonistic people may rate themselves lower on moral characteristics than less antagonistic people, they may still believe that their relative standing on moral characteristics compares favorably to others. Participants (<i>N</i> = 515) completed indicators of the Dark Tetrad (D4) constructs (narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and sadism) and rated themselves in relation to others on moral and immoral character traits. Overall, participants exhibited very large BTAEs (i.e., rated the self as \"better-than-average\" on moral character traits); only psychopathy and sadism consistently related negatively to BTAEs, but people with elevations in each D4 construct (or any D4 facet) still exhibited large-to-very-large BTAEs. Such antagonistic participants viewed themselves as possessing substantially greater amounts of moral than immoral character traits but viewed average others as possessing an equal mix of these traits. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"321-331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141790201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}