Personality disorders最新文献

{"title":"From prediction to explanation: Is the relationship between youth psychopathy traits and continued offending in adulthood mediated by social environment?","authors":"Evan C McCuish, Patrick Lussier","doi":"10.1037/per0000680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000680","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies that focus on whether psychopathy statistically predicts reoffending are not informative of the process that connects the putative cause (psychopathy) to the expected outcome (offending). Understanding the causal mechanisms responsible for the relationship between psychopathy and offending has received minimal empirical attention even though fourth-generation risk assessment protocols and treatment strategies regularly require a specific focus on psychopathy. Theory can help guide an improved understanding of the causal mechanisms underlying the relationship between psychopathy and offending. Cumulative disadvantage theories anticipate that the relationship between psychopathy and reoffending is mediated by a person's social environment. Propensity theories anticipate that psychopathy is a common cause of both a person's negative social environment and reoffending. These two theoretical perspectives were compared using longitudinal data covering the transition from adolescence to adulthood among 490 male and female participants from the Incarcerated Serious and Violent Young Offender Study. Psychopathy was measured in adolescence using the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version. Social environment was measured in adulthood using an informal social control scale from the Community Risk Needs Assessment. Conviction frequency was measured over a 3-year period after the Community Risk Needs Assessment rating. Bias-corrected bootstrapped confidence intervals indicated that informal social control partially mediated the relationship between Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version scores and conviction frequency. The mediating effect was robust to unobserved confounders. Findings supported the philosophy of risk management and intervention strategies that target a person's social environment when aiming to reduce reoffending for persons with psychopathy traits. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":"16 1","pages":"69-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural brain correlates of externalizing traits and symptoms in the IMAGEN sample.","authors":"Nathaniel L Phillips, Brinkley M Sharpe, Courtland S Hyatt, Max M Owens, Nathan T Carter, Donald R Lynam, Tobias Banaschewski, Arun L W Bokde, Gareth Barker, Sylvane Desrivières, Herta Flor, Antoine Grigis, Penny Gowland, Andreas Heinz, Rüdiger Brühl, Jean-Luc Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot, Eric Artiges, Frauke Nees, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos, Herve Lemaitre, Tomáš Paus, Luise Poustka, Nathalie Holz, Christian Baeuchl, Michael N Smolka, Nilakshi Vaidya, Henrik Walter, Robert Whelan, Gunter Schumann, Hugh Garavan, Joshua D Miller","doi":"10.1037/per0000701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The evidence supporting the presence of individual brain structure correlates of the externalizing spectrum (EXT) is sparse and mixed. To date, large-sample studies of brain-EXT relations have mainly found null to very small effects by focusing exclusively on either EXT-related personality traits (e.g., Hyatt et al., 2022) or EXT-related disorders/symptoms (e.g., Mewton et al., 2022). In this preregistered study using IMAGEN data (<i>N</i> = 1,370), we investigated the structural brain correlates of EXT factors that comprise both personality (e.g., antagonism) and psychopathology constructs (e.g., conduct disorder) across levels of morphometric specificity. Brain morphometry was operationalized in terms of omnibus measures (e.g., total brain volume), subcortical volume, and Desikan atlas regions (<i>N</i> = 161 structural magnetic resonance imaging metrics). We operationalized our integrated personality-psychopathology EXT through exploratory factor analyses of EXT-related measures, which identified two dimensions-nonsubstance use and substance use-and one overarching EXT domain. The results were consistent with previous large-sample neuroscientific investigations of EXT: The vast majority of relations were null, and all effect sizes were very small (largest marginal <i>R²</i> < .02). Preregistered supplementary analyses indicated that all significant relations found were driven by total intracranial volume and sex of the participant and became nonsignificant following the inclusion of these covariates. We conclude with suggestions regarding the importance of relevant covariates and large samples in clinical neuroscientific investigations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":"16 1","pages":"43-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Who, how, and when? New perspectives on longstanding issues in the study of externalizing psychopathology.","authors":"Rebecca E Waller, Edelyn Verona, Donald R Lynam, Joshua D Miller","doi":"10.1037/per0000715","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000715","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This special issue of <i>Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment</i> aimed to provide methodologically robust research conducted across the globe that addressed a variety of questions related to externalizing psychopathology across the lifespan. Across all included articles are examples of sophisticated statistical approaches or innovative methods, including articles that evaluate the psychometrics of different structural models of externalizing psychopathology, test the invariance of indicators of externalizing problems over time or across different racial/ethnic groups, and leverage experience sampling methodologies. In what follows, we provide a brief overview of each of the eight articles included in this special issue. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The hierarchical structure and longitudinal measurement invariance of externalizing symptoms in the adolescent brain and cognitive development study.","authors":"Colin E Vize, Whitney R Ringwald, Emily R Perkins, Rebecca Waller, Samuel W Hawes, Amy L Byrd","doi":"10.1037/per0000692","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent years have seen a shift toward alternative nosologies of psychopathology, which frequently include a dimension of externalizing psychopathology. The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology is one such framework. Research using data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study has identified a broad-based externalizing dimension, but no research to date has sought to empirically identify finer-grained externalizing subdimensions despite the research benefits associated with the use of homogenous dimensions. Furthermore, no work to date has examined whether externalizing dimensions are invariant over time. Thus, the current study had two primary aims: Aim 1-identify the hierarchical structure of externalizing psychopathology and examine evidence of discriminant validity of identified dimensions and Aim 2-assess the longitudinal measurement invariance of a broad externalizing dimension in the ABCD Study, as well as specific underlying subdimensions. The results for Aim 1 analyses identified a coherent factor structure comprising a broad externalizing dimension and three subdimensions (conduct problems, irritability, and neurodevelopmental problems), and these factors showed important similarities and differences in relation to external correlates. Aim 2 analyses showed that strong invariance was supported for the conduct problems and irritability dimensions, while partial strong invariance was supported for broad externalizing and neurodevelopmental problems. Quantification of measurement (non)invariance revealed small effect sizes. The results highlight important directions for future research on externalizing psychopathology in the ABCD Study. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":"16 1","pages":"18-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11801358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The structure and correlates of the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire among U.S. racial/ethnic groups.","authors":"Edward Chou, Dulce Wilkinson Westberg, Phuong Linh L Nguyen, Moin Syed","doi":"10.1037/per0000662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research on externalizing psychopathology has relied heavily on White samples to generate core knowledge, with few studies examining variability in its components, including grandiose narcissism, across racial/ethnic groups. This preregistered (https://osf.io/n4s3f/) study addressed the following research questions: (1) Is there evidence for measurement invariance of the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire (NARQ) across racial/ethnic groups?; (2) Are there racial/ethnic group differences in (a) mean levels of the two NARQ subscales: admiration and rivalry, and (b) correlations between NARQ subscales and self-esteem?; (3) Do variations in ethnic identity commitment account for any observed group differences in the mean levels and correlations? The sample consisted of 1,248 U.S. adults between ages 18 and 30, evenly divided among those self-identifying as Black, Latine, and White. Both Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling indicated the intended two-factor structure across groups demonstrated configural, metric, scalar, and residual invariance. Group mean differences were most pronounced for the admiration subscale, with Black adults scoring higher than White (<i>d</i> = 0.63) and Latine adults (<i>d</i> = 0.46-0.47). Black-White mean differences in admiration were reduced by half when accounting for group differences in ethnic identity commitment. As admiration captures assertive self-promotion, participants identifying strongly as Black may endorse greater agency as an adaptive response to marginalization. Black-Latine mean differences were unaffected by group differences in ethnic identity commitment. This article highlights the importance of, and provides a framework for, psychometric examinations before interpreting group mean differences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":"16 1","pages":"80-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations among externalizing psychopathology, personality, and behavioral traits: Models of an externalizing spectrum in youth.","authors":"Holly E Poore, Irwin D Waldman","doi":"10.1037/per0000686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000686","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Consistent evidence has documented the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of externalizing psychopathology with personality and behavioral traits, suggesting the presence of a broad, underlying liability to externalizing. In one of the first studies of its kind, we use a large, representative sample of youth (<i>N</i> = 2,245 twins and their siblings) to evaluate the evidence of an externalizing spectrum model, which includes psychopathology, personality, and behavioral traits and spans normal and pathological variation. We examine evidence for the inclusion of 15 candidate traits, from the domains of general and pathological personality, temperament, and aggression, in a model that includes dimensions of common childhood externalizing psychopathology. Using a combination of structural equation modeling and item response theory analyses, we found strong to moderate evidence for including the narcissism and impulsivity dimensions of psychopathic traits; reactive, proactive, and relational aggression; and agreeableness and conscientiousness from the five-factor model of personality. These traits were reliable indicators of the externalizing spectrum, as evidenced by their shared variance with externalizing symptoms, strong factor loadings, and high information. In addition, these traits indexed the externalizing spectrum at higher and lower levels of the latent trait relative to the symptoms alone, highlighting the value of including them. Many of our findings replicate and extend work conducted in adult samples, suggesting developmental continuity of externalizing. Broadly speaking, these findings have important implications for the conceptualization, measurement, and treatment of externalizing in youth. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":"16 1","pages":"8-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding broader community perspectives on the scientific accuracy and stigma of personality trait labels.","authors":"Kasey Stanton, Lindsay Gillikin, Liana Willis, Ricardo Woods-Gonzalez, Warner Myntti, Caroline Paige, Holly F Levin-Aspenson, Christina G McDonnell, Noah N Emery","doi":"10.1037/per0000656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many labels are used within and across subfields to describe personality disorder (PD) and interpersonally-oriented trait dimensions. For example, \"interpersonal disorders\" is a suggested alternative label to \"personality disorders\" in clinical research. Other \"dark trait\" terms, though not proposed as formal labels for PDs, also are used in different research areas for describing externalizing traits. Terminology changes have been proposed both due to concerns about different descriptors' validity and their usage potentially being stigmatizing. Improving terminology consensus can also unify research and clinical assessment efforts, and we recruited participants from a range of sources who provided their views on terminology used in PD research toward this goal. This included data from 362 undergraduates, 408 adults recruited online, and 161 adults recruited from the community, and we used targeted recruitment strategies to ensure that individuals with a range of mental health histories were represented in our study. All participants completed questionnaires assessing their personalities and symptoms, and a subset of participants also completed structured clinical interviews. Results indicated that traditional \"personality disorders\" terminology were viewed favorably compared to other terms both in regard to scientific accuracy and stigma. Additionally, \"interpersonal disorders\" terminology was also viewed more favorably overall than many other terms, whereas \"dark trait\" terminology was viewed negatively. Participants' characteristics (e.g., personality, age) were mostly unrelated to their terminology views. These results provide insight into how various descriptors are viewed by the broader community and provide a foundation for future research investigating how different terms are perceived across contexts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":"16 1","pages":"91-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stable asynchrony? Association between borderline personality traits and interpersonal asynchrony.","authors":"Camilla Gregorini, Pietro De Carli, Laura Parolin, Marco Petilli, Ivana Konvalinka, Emanuele Preti","doi":"10.1037/per0000684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000684","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interpersonal coordination processes facilitate interpersonal synchrony through a continuous mutual adaption and corepresentation of self and others' actions. Such a process has been found to enhance prosocial behaviors, affiliation, and trust. While research has investigated the general underlying cognitive and social mechanisms that facilitate interpersonal synchrony, much less is known about how interpersonal impairments influence it in various psychopathological conditions-such as borderline personality disorder (BPD). In this study, we investigated the role of the social cognitive processes of individuals with high BPD traits during a synchronized interaction task. Participants (<i>N</i> = 206) were recruited from the general population. BPD traits were assessed, and interpersonal synchrony was measured with a finger-tapping task. Participants were instructed to interact with a virtual partner (VP) that varied its adaptivity level in response to their taps across different conditions of adaptivity (α), ranging from nonadaptive to overly adaptive. After each interaction, the perception of synchrony and affect were assessed. Results showed an overall main significant effect of the adaptivity of the VP on interpersonal synchrony and the interaction experience, such that when VP adaptivity increased, asynchrony and perceived synchrony decreased. High levels of BPD traits were associated with higher asynchrony and variability, depending on the level of VP adaptivity, and an overall more negative perception of synchrony and affect. These findings show that high BPD traits are associated with reduced interpersonal synchrony during interaction. Consistent with these findings, interventions might consider the potential role of interpersonal synchrony in building the therapeutic relationship. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142857153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Affective and neural mechanisms of how identity dysfunction in borderline personality disorder may interfere with building positive relationships.","authors":"Charlotte C van Schie, Emily L Matthews, Ely M Marceau, Stephanie Römer, Brin F S Grenyer","doi":"10.1037/per0000697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000697","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) often hold pervasive and negative self-views and experience feelings of low connectedness toward others despite effective treatment. This study aimed to identify neural and affective mechanisms of identity disturbance in BPD that contribute to difficulties in relating to others. Participants diagnosed with BPD (<i>N</i> = 34) and nonclinical controls (NCC; <i>N</i> = 35) completed a within-subject social feedback task inside a magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Participants received character evaluations, supposedly from a panel of three members who provided either predominantly negative, intermediate, or positive feedback. Multilevel analysis and event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis compared the BPD and NCC group on mood, affiliation, and neural responses to the feedback and the panel. Results indicate that people with BPD had more negative self-views and reported lower mood after negative and intermediate feedback compared to NCC. People with BPD also felt less close to the member providing predominantly positive feedback compared to NCC, which appeared to be mediated by degree of fearful attachment. People with BPD showed altered bold responses to social feedback in temporal parietal junction and the anterior cingulate cortex compared to NCC. Findings indicate that people with BPD experience pervasive negative self-views that may interfere with forming relationships. New interactions may reinforce a fearful pattern of relating as existing (negative) views of the self are activated and subject to confirmation. These complexities have important clinical implications for the therapeutic alliance. Balancing a supportive and expressive stance may foster the therapeutic alliance while challenging negative self-views. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142857222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-other distinction and schizotypy: Affect sharing and alexithymia in the prediction of socially anxious and avoidant traits.","authors":"Clare M Eddy","doi":"10.1037/per0000669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social cognition may play a central role in many schizotypal personality characteristics, such as suspiciousness, constricted affect, social anxiety, and lack of close relationships. This study investigated how factors relevant to self-other distinction (i.e., emotion contagion and personal distress) were related to social schizotypal personality traits, in two experiments involving healthy young adults. Subclinical depressive symptoms, alexithymia, and obsessive-compulsive traits, were explored as potential mediators of the relationship between personal distress and schizotypy. Experiment 1 showed that high sadness contagion predicted personal distress, which in turn predicted cognitive disorganization. This relationship was mediated by low mood. Experiment 2 revealed that high personal distress predicted excessive social anxiety and ideas of reference, as well as obsessive-compulsive tendencies. Personal distress also predicted difficulty identifying feelings, an aspect of alexithymia that could develop as a result of difficulties in disentangling emotional experiences related to the self and others. However, it was difficulty describing feelings that predicted social anhedonia, constricted affect, and no close friends. While personal distress was a positive predictor of empathic concern, social anhedonia was a negative predictor. These findings suggest that personal distress and difficulty identifying feelings predict more anxious and disorganized aspects of schizotypy, as well as subclinical depressive and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Future research should investigate whether this profile, which may be more closely related to low self-other distinction, contrasts with a more socially avoidant presentation, characterized by negative schizotypal traits such as social anhedonia and lower empathy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142857226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}