Personality disorders最新文献

{"title":"Association of multidimensional schizotypy with cognitive-behavioral disorganization in daily life: An experience sampling methodology study.","authors":"Laura M Hernández, Alysia M Berglund, Kathryn C Kemp, Neus Barrantes-Vidal, Thomas R Kwapil","doi":"10.1037/per0000713","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000713","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schizotypy is a multidimensional construct that is composed of positive, negative, and disorganized dimensions. Historically, disorganized schizotypy, which involves disruptions in thoughts, speech, behavior, and affect, has been relatively understudied and less clearly operationalized than the other dimensions. The present study employed experience sampling methodology to examine the associations of positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy, as measured by the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale, with daily life experiences. A total of 601 young adults were prompted eight times daily for 1 week to complete experience sampling methodology questionnaires that assessed affect, social functioning, schizotypic experiences, situation appraisals, and substance use in daily life, with an emphasis on disorganized schizotypic experiences and communication disruptions. As hypothesized, disorganized schizotypy was associated with momentary disorganization, negative affect, and stress over-and-above positive and negative schizotypy. Negative schizotypy was associated with diminished positive affect, poor social functioning, and diminished emotional clarity. Positive schizotypy was associated with momentary reports of strange or unusual thoughts, racing thoughts, and emotions and thoughts feeling out of control. All three schizotypy dimensions uniquely predicted communication difficulties. Cross-level interactions indicated disorganized schizotypy, but not positive or negative schizotypy, predicted stronger associations of simultaneous reports of doing something that requires focus and attention with negative affect and difficulty completing the current task. Overall, the present study expands our understanding of disorganized schizotypy's expression in daily life and builds upon previous findings by demonstrating the unique associations of positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy with daily life experiences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"433-443"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships between positive schizotypy and facets of openness to experience.","authors":"Kelsey T Straub, John G Kerns","doi":"10.1037/per0000733","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Positive schizotypy is thought to have important relationships with openness to experience (OE), but the nature of this relationship is still uncertain, as OE is a broad and multifaceted trait. There is also evidence that positive schizotypy forms a joint factor with some OE items, but the nature of this joint factor and its relationships with and distinctiveness from other OE facets such as absorption is unclear. This research (<i>n</i> = 1,016) assessed both positive schizotypy as well as a relatively broad range of OE facets. In item-level factor analyses, we again found a factor (labeled schizotypal thinking) that included items from both positive schizotypy and OE scales reflecting relatively common odd beliefs. The schizotypal thinking factor was distinct both from a factor that appeared closer to symptoms of psychosis as well as from absorption. The schizotypal thinking factor was also moderately to strongly associated with multiple OE factors (e.g., absorption, aesthetic appreciation, fantasy, and innovation); relative to other commonly identified OE facets such as intellect, schizotypal thinking also tended to be at least as strongly associated with the same number of other OE facets. Further, schizotypal thinking and its most related OE facets, but not intellect, tended to be associated with psychotic symptoms, dissociation, and both negative and positive urgency. Overall, our results further support and clarify differential associations between positive schizotypy and OE facets. Our results also suggest that the schizotypal thinking factor might be considered a distinct aspect of OE. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"444-454"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between alexithymia and borderline personality criteria in personality disorders.","authors":"Jasmine Modasi, Antonia S New, Margaret McNamara McClure, Harold W Koenigsberg, Dan Rosell, Erin A Hazlett, M Mercedes Perez-Rodriguez","doi":"10.1037/per0000744","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alexithymia is a multifaceted construct encompassing difficulties identifying and describing feelings, limited imaginal capacity, and externally oriented thinking. Despite the high prevalence among borderline personality disorder (BPD) patients, less is known about symptom-level associations between alexithymia and BPD criteria. Prior studies highlight an elevated risk of self-injurious and suicidal behaviours associated with alexithymia. Understanding the symptom-level relationships with alexithymia may provide a more specific target for intervention. This study explored the associations between alexithymia and BPD symptom criteria in 478 psychiatric outpatients (<i>n</i> = 146 BPD, <i>n</i> = 196 other personality disorders, and <i>n</i> = 136 no personality disorder [PD]), assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,</i> fourth edition (<i>DSM-IV</i>), and Structured Interview for <i>DSM-IV</i> Personality Disorders. BPD symptoms were dichotomized as present if scored ≥ 1 (definitely present). Alexithymia was measured using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Depression severity was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Logistic regression was used to examine relationships between alexithymia and BPD symptom criteria in each group. In the BPD group, identity disturbance (<i>p</i> = .0013) was significantly related to alexithymia using the Benjamini-Hochberg Procedure for multiple comparisons. The association remained when controlling for depression severity. Among those without any PD, alexithymia was significantly associated with chronic feelings of emptiness (<i>p</i> = .0024) before controlling for depression. In BPD, alexithymia was most strongly associated with identity disturbance. Previous studies have linked alexithymia and identity disturbance to suicidality. This study is the first to identify an association between alexithymia and identity disturbance in BPD, underscoring impairments in the self and self-mentalizing a potential target for suicide prevention in BPD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between psychopathy and suicide: A meta-analytic review.","authors":"Leigha Rose, Nathaniel L Phillips, Donald R Lynam, Brian W Bauer, Joshua D Miller","doi":"10.1037/per0000743","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide and is often empirically examined in relation to internalizing psychiatric constructs, such as depression, but less commonly in relation to externalizing disorders. The purpose of this preregistered meta-analysis was to explore the relations between suicide-related variables (i.e., ideation, attempts, and self-harm) and psychopathy-a maladaptive personality construct falling under the externalizing umbrella. The results showed small-to-moderate associations between total psychopathy scores and suicidal ideation (<i>r</i> = .19), behavior (<i>r</i> = .12), and self-harm (<i>r</i> = .20). Psychopathy subscales and factor scores varied widely in their correlations with suicide-related variables, highlighting the utility of assessing psychopathy using a more nuanced, trait-based approach. Potential mechanisms underlying these relations and clinical implications of the findings are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144777132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting the structure of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, Section II personality disorder criteria using individual participant data meta-analysis.","authors":"Steffen Müller, Ulrich Schroeders, Nathan Bachrach, Cord Benecke, Lara Cuevas, Stephan Doering, Ask Elklit, Fernando Gutiérrez, Michael P Hengartner, Todd E Hogue, Christopher J Hopwood, Joni L Mihura, Thomas F Oltmanns, Muirne C S Paap, Geir Pedersen, Daniela Renn, Whitney R Ringwald, Gina Rossi, Jack Samuels, Carla Sharp, Erik Simonsen, Andrew E Skodol, Aidan G C Wright, Mark Zimmerman, Johannes Zimmermann","doi":"10.1037/per0000736","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The factor structure of personality disorder (PD) criteria has long been debated, but due to previous heterogeneous findings, a common structure to represent covariation among the <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,</i> fourth edition <i>(DSM-IV)/DSM-5</i> Section II PD criteria remains an open question. This study integrated individual participant data from 25 samples (<i>N</i> = 30,545) to conduct factor analyses of PD criteria. Measurement invariance tests across gender, clinical status, and assessment method indicated substantial structural differences between interview-based and self-report measures. In interviews, a confirmatory 10-factor model with factors representing specific <i>DSM-5</i> PDs showed a major misfit, with results from exploratory factor analyses suggesting that this was due to a relatively small number of substantial secondary loadings. In self-reports, a confirmatory 10-factor model showed greater misfit than in interviews, and exploratory solutions were more complex. When five factors were extracted, the factors showed some similarity to maladaptive trait domains such as Negative Affectivity and Disinhibition, but there were substantial differences in factor content between interviews and self-reports. In bifactor models, a general factor explained more common variance in self-reports, whereas the content of general factors was similar in both assessment methods. Our findings suggest that interview and self-report measures of PD criteria are not structurally equivalent. To advance research on the structure of PD, it may be useful to consequently focus on the shared variance of multiple methods. For this purpose, future multimethod studies should combine interviews and self-reports with other assessment methods such as informant reports. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144710159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement invariance of the Five-Factor Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory in a U.S. census-matched sample: Demographic differences in obsessive-compulsive personality disorder traits across age, gender, and education.","authors":"Ronnie Hill, Susan C South, Douglas B Samuel","doi":"10.1037/per0000740","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Five-Factor Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (FFOCI) provides an assessment of personality traits relevant to obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is the most prevalent personality disorder within community samples, and the literature marks that some demographic groups are more at risk than others. The FFOCI, however, has never been explored to demonstrate that it assesses these traits in the same way across groups. The current study adds to the literature by evaluating its measurement invariance across gender, education, and age via the alignment method in a sample of 500 U.S. census-matched adults. A novel contribution of the study is the use of the alignment method, which suggested that the FFOCI demonstrated invariance across groups, allowing for mean-level comparison in traits related to overcontrol. Analyses demonstrated that invariance of the FFOCI held across age, gender, and educational level. Mean-level comparisons between groups showed that college-educated individuals were not significantly higher than noncollege-educated on traits relating to overcontrol. There were nuanced differences between men and women, and differences between age groups were more complicated than originally anticipated. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144676789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychopathy testing bias in sexual orientation minorities.","authors":"Kelci C Davis, Jaime L Anderson","doi":"10.1037/per0000741","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Measures of psychopathic personality traits have been utilized in a variety of settings and are often weighed heavily in decision-making. Though there is evidence of testing bias in marginalized groups, no evaluation of potential bias has been conducted for bias among sexual orientation minorities. This study utilized a slope-intercept bias approach to evaluate the testing bias of three self-report psychopathy measures: the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure, the Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality-Self-Report, and the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale. Broadly, the current findings suggest psychopathy measures predominantly overpredict personality psychopathology and related impairment in sexual minorities, especially detachment, and disinhibition. Reassuringly, although some measures and scales had significantly overpredicted antisocial behaviors, none of these differences reached a threshold of clinically meaningful implications. Nonetheless, the risk of both testing and clinician bias should continue to be assessed in sexual minority persons and other diverse groups to ensure equitable evaluations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144651443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The search for primary and secondary subtypes of callous-unemotional traits in detained boys.","authors":"Thomas Cassart, Melina Nicole Kyranides, Stijn Vandevelde, Kostas A Fanti, Olivier F Colins","doi":"10.1037/per0000742","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the existence and validity of variants of callous-unemotional (CU) traits. Data were available for 309 detained boys (<i>M</i>_age = 16.96) who completed self-reports, experimental tasks, and were administered a diagnostic interview. Two different methods were used to differentiate between participants with different constellations of CU traits and anxiety. Using a simple cutoff approach, participants were assigned to four groups: low CU traits and low anxiety (<i>n</i> = 148), low CU traits and high anxiety (<i>n</i> = 69), high CU traits and low anxiety (\"primary CU variant\"; <i>n</i> = 68), and high CU traits and high anxiety (\"secondary CU variant\"; <i>n</i> = 24). Latent profile analyses arrived at three classes but failed to find a \"secondary CU variant\" class. Group comparisons that were based on the simple cutoff approach showed that youth who fell in the secondary (vs. primary) CU variant group presented more depressive symptoms and were less able to differentiate between emotions. These two groups did not significantly differ in any of the other 36 correlates (e.g., impulsivity, maltreatment, and treatment engagement). Only a few significant differences emerged between the two CU variant groups and youth characterized by low CU traits and high anxiety. Taken together, we found limited support for the existence and utility of CU variants among detained boys. Not only did the identification of the CU variants depend upon the method that was used, the two CU variant groups rarely were significantly different in theoretically important features. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144651444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychopathy as a bipolar construct: Testing the risk-promotive status of the four psychopathy checklist-revised/screening version facet scores in six clinical samples.","authors":"Glenn D Walters, Raymond A Knight, Klaus-Peter Dahle","doi":"10.1037/per0000714","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study tested the possibility that the four facets of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised/Screening Version (PCL-R/SV) serve as bipolar constructs in predicting future criminal justice outcomes. Organizing scores on the four facets (Interpersonal, Affective, Lifestyle, and Antisocial) into three categories-that is, lowest 25% of cases (best category), highest 25% of cases (worst category), and middle 50% of cases (intermediate category)-we tested bipolarity by crossing the three categories with a dichotomized crime/violence outcome and calculating both promotive (best category vs. worst + intermediate categories) and risk (worst category vs. best + intermediate categories) effects in six samples. Bipolarity was defined as the simultaneous presence of promotive (low scores predicting a good outcome) and risk (high scores predicting a poor outcome) effects for each PCL-R/SV facet in each sample. Odds ratios and the Cochrane-Armitage linear trend test revealed evidence of bipolarity in one of six samples for the Interpersonal facet, three of six samples for the Affective facet, five of six samples for the Lifestyle facet, and all six samples for the Antisocial facet. An item response theory analysis was then conducted, the results of which supported the facet-level findings from the odds ratio and Cochrane-Armitage analyses at the individual item level. These results provide modest (Affective facet) to moderately strong (Lifestyle and Antisocial facets) evidence of bipolarity in three of the four facets of the PCL-R/SV by showing that low scores are just as effective in predicting good criminal justice outcomes as high scores are in predicting poor criminal justice outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"350-364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations among psychopathy, relationship satisfaction, and professional success in couples.","authors":"Aaron Hissey, Matt Hammond, Joseph Bulbulia, Chris G Sibley, Elena Zubielevitch, Hedwig Eisenbarth","doi":"10.1037/per0000706","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals' psychopathic personality traits can have negative effects on the people around them. This research investigated whether the negativity of someone's psychopathic personality crosses over to their partner and then spills over into their partner's workplace. Using a nationally diverse community sample of 490 employed romantic couples from the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study, cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses examined the associations among psychopathy facets (fearless dominance, self-centered impulsivity, and coldheartedness), relationship satisfaction, and professional success. Cross-sectional dyadic modeling indicated that an individual's coldheartedness was negatively associated with their partner's occupational prestige, although there was no evidence that partner's relationship satisfaction mediated this link. Furthermore, the associations between psychopathy and professional success at the individual level were partially mediated by a person's own relationship satisfaction. Longitudinal dyadic modeling suggested that an individual's self-centered impulsivity negatively predicted their partner's relationship satisfaction and positively predicted their partner's occupational prestige over time. Collectively, this research suggests that an individual's psychopathic traits may foster negativity in relationships that spills over into their own workplaces but do not cross and spill over to their partner's workplace. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"365-376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}