Personality disorders最新文献

{"title":"Stand-alone dialectical behavior therapy skills training for borderline personality disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Maria Arqueros, Joaquim Soler, Juan C Pascual","doi":"10.1037/per0000774","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000774","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stand-alone dialectical behavior therapy skills training groups (DBT-ST) are widely used for borderline personality disorder (BPD), yet skills-specific benchmarks for symptom change and tolerability are unclear. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we searched PubMed, APA PsycARTICLES, APA PsycINFO, Psicodoc, and Psyke (English/Spanish) for adult stand-alone DBT-ST covering the four standard modules. Eligible designs were randomized clinical trials, controlled trials, and pre-post studies with standardized BPD diagnoses. Continuous outcomes were synthesized as standardized mean differences (Hedges-corrected <i>d</i>); within-arm pre-post effects used standardized mean change (assumed <i>r</i> = .50 when missing). Dropout was pooled on the logit scale and back transformed to retention. Random-effects model with Hartung-Knapp adjustments quantified heterogeneity and ran sensitivity/bias diagnostics. Seven studies met criteria; five entered meta-analysis. BPD clinical severity showed large within-arm improvement (<i>d</i> = -1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI; -1.99, -0.64]) with substantial heterogeneity. Depression decreased largely (<i>k</i> = 4; <i>d</i> = -1.04, 95% CI [-1.33, -0.75]); global psychopathology decreased moderately (<i>k</i> = 2; <i>d</i> = -0.73, 95% CI [-1.39, -0.08]). Pooled dropout was 29% (95% CI [23%, 36%]), implying 71% retention. Stand-alone DBT-ST is associated with large symptom reductions and acceptable retention, providing skills-specific benchmarks to inform implementation, whereas heterogeneity indicates the need for more robust comparative trials. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148221147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining associations among positive and negative schizotypy, feedback-related learning, and attentional set switching.","authors":"Amelia M Pellegrini, Desmond J Spann, Kelsey T Straub, R Tyler Rogers, Megan Liew, John G Kerns","doi":"10.1037/per0000777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Positive schizotypy is a dimension of traits ranging from odd beliefs and experiences in the general population to the positive psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia (i.e., delusions and hallucinations), with high levels of positive schizotypy found in some personality disorders. Psychosis is related to increased dorsal striatal dopamine, suggesting that positive schizotypy might also reflect alterations in dorsal striatal functioning. The dorsal striatum is involved in reinforcement learning and cognitive flexibility. The current research examined whether positive schizotypy is related to impaired learning from probabilistic positive and negative feedback and to impaired attentional set switching. Participants included a group with extreme levels of positive schizotypy, a positive schizotypy control group, and a group with extreme levels of negative schizotypy. They completed feedback-related learning tasks and an attentional set-switching task. They also completed a response inhibition task to help assess for generalized task performance deficits. To further assess specificity, they also completed a range of mood and other measures. Overall, there was evidence that positive schizotypy was associated with poor feedback-related learning, perhaps especially and specifically with poorer learning from positive feedback. Positive schizotypy was also associated with poorer attentional set switching, but not with poorer response inhibition. Overall, the current study provides further evidence that positive schizotypy is associated with poor performance on reinforcement learning and cognitive flexibility tasks thought to involve the dorsal striatum. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148201456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences between personality functioning, normal-range traits, and maladaptive traits: Replication in a longitudinal Norwegian sample.","authors":"Yuping Liu, Eivind R Strand, Henrik Nordahl, Christopher J Hopwood","doi":"10.1037/per0000778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The alternative model of personality disorders has gained widespread recognition, yet the degree of conceptual and empirical overlap among personality functioning, maladaptive traits, and normal-range personality traits-and its implications for clinical assessment-remains debated. Recent studies have begun to examine these associations in a more systematic manner; however, longitudinal evidence is still limited, and the generalizability of existing findings remains insufficiently tested. In this preregistered study, we conducted a conceptual replication of 11 preregistered hypotheses originally examined in a recent longitudinal study of Chinese offenders. Using a Norwegian community sample, we investigated associations and distinctions among personality functioning, normal-range traits, and maladaptive traits across 4 waves of data collected over 6 months (<i>N</i> = 1,418). Overall, we largely replicated the pattern of findings reported in the original study. Results revealed systematic differences in the distributions and longitudinal properties of personality functioning and personality traits. Across time, maladaptive traits were jointly predicted by impairments in personality functioning and normal-range personality traits, indicating both shared and unique contributions. Taken together, these findings provide further longitudinal support for both similarities and distinctions between personality functioning and trait dimensions within the alternative model of personality disorders framework. By extending prior work to a different population and methodological context, this replication study strengthens the evidence for the robustness and generalizability of existing conclusions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147944111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining suicidal thoughts and behaviors across levels of personality functioning: A generalized additive model approach.","authors":"Jessica La Rocca, Paulina A Kulesz, Carla Sharp","doi":"10.1037/per0000763","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Suicide is a leading cause of death among emerging adults in the United States. Despite decades of research attempting to target risk factors, our ability to predict suicide remains insufficient. The objective of our examination was to investigate the utility of Criterion A of the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders in predicting suicide outcomes by identifying the level-specific contribution of levels of personality functioning (LPF) to suicidal thoughts and behaviors. To address our research questions, we employed generalized additive modeling in subsamples of 145 young adults endorsing suicidal ideation, and 158 young adults endorsing at least one lifetime suicide attempt who were recruited from college and clinical settings. Clinical participants endorsed past or current, confirmed or subthreshold borderline personality disorder. Results indicated a nonlinear trend in suicidal ideation with the sharpest increase at Level 2 of the LPF scale, operationalized via the Semistructured Interview for Personality Functioning. In addition, the increase in lifetime attempt history was nonuniform, with the greatest increase in odds ratio ratios occurring between Level 1 and Level 2. Findings support Level 2 of LPF as a potential inflection point for suicide risk detection and further challenge the notion of linear relationships between personality pathology severity and suicide risk. Implications of these findings are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"200-209"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147327878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Borderline personality disorder does not predict treatment outcome in a partial hospital program independent of internalizing and harmful substance use dimensions.","authors":"Kimberly J Gilbert, Christopher C Conway, Ivar Snorrason, Courtney Beard, Emma Moscardini, Thröstur Björgvinsson","doi":"10.1037/per0000758","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Borderline personality disorder (BPD) diagnoses reliably predict worse mental health treatment outcomes. It is unknown whether multidimensional models of psychopathology, increasingly viewed as viable alternatives to traditional diagnostic systems, can match BPD's predictive power in clinical settings. In a sample of 2,625 partial hospital patients, we compared BPD with internalizing and harmful substance use dimensions as predictors of treatment success, defined by improvement in symptom severity, functional impairment, and quality of life. On a bivariate level, BPD features were moderately related to posttreatment functional impairment (<i>r</i> = .28) and quality of life (<i>r</i> = -.24), but not self-rated symptom improvement (<i>r</i> = .04). When adjusting for internalizing and harmful substance use, however, BPD features had very little unique predictive power. Instead, the internalizing spectrum was the strongest, most consistent predictor of symptom and functional improvement. This pattern of effects suggests that broad dimensions of psychopathology, particularly internalizing, capture much of BPD's prognostic utility in a partial hospital setting. We advise more attention to how the traditional BPD diagnosis compares to broad psychopathology dimensions in terms of clinical utility. This study's data, analysis code, and materials are posted at https://osf.io/wpy7e. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"210-219"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145746033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Change in personality functioning during treatment with BPD compass.","authors":"Shannon Sauer-Zavala, Madeline Kushner, Hannah Croom, Doug Terrill, Sarah Cecil, Caden Maynard, Alexandra Hines, Nicole Stumpp, Martina Fruhbauerova, Vincent Buchenberger, Matthew W Southward","doi":"10.1037/per0000762","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Alternative Model of Personality Disorders suggests that borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by disturbed personality functioning (self- and other), along with elevated levels of negative affectivity, antagonism, and disinhibition. This study explored the extent to which BPD Compass, a cognitive-behavioral intervention targeting maladaptive personality variants most associated with BPD, addresses the components of Alternative Model of Personality Disorders-defined BPD. In addition, we explored whether improvements in personality functioning were associated with improvements in BPD symptoms. Our intent-to-treat sample included 100 adults (<i>N</i> = 93 who started treatment and had data available for analyses) who met criteria for BPD and were, on average, 28.13 (<i>SD</i> = 8.80) years old, White (<i>n</i> = 88; 88.9%), identified as female (<i>n</i> = 73; 73.7%), and identified as sexual minorities (<i>n</i> = 64; 64.6%). We employed a series of hierarchical linear models to evaluate changes across personality domains and facets during 18 sessions of BPD Compass delivered via telehealth. We also tested whether changes in personality functioning were associated with changes in BPD symptoms using multilevel structural equation modeling. Results suggest significant improvements in negative affectivity, antagonism, disinhibition, and personality functioning during treatment, with medium-to-large effect sizes observed for multiple facets. BPD Compass also was associated with significant improvements in BPD symptoms, and changes in symptoms were significantly correlated with changes in each higher order personality trait. This pattern of results provides support for the feasibility of targeting dimensional traits and indicates that targeting higher order personality traits may streamline care and improve outcomes for BPD patients. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"189-199"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147328545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneity in the structure of aggressive personality.","authors":"David S Chester","doi":"10.1037/per0000770","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aggressiveness is a core feature of many personality disorders. Dozens of dispositional aggressiveness scales exist with their own idiosyncratic factor structures, but they can be distilled down into six factors: relational, angry, violent, retaliatory, intimate, and alcohol. Yet it remains unknown how this comprehensive factor structure might change or remain stable at relatively high levels of aggressiveness-knowledge with considerable relevance to the study of personality pathology. To examine this, I used factor mixture modeling on self-report data from 1,447 diverse undergraduates from a Minority Serving Institution, which combined the person-centered and variable-centered approaches of profile and factor analyses. Analyses revealed three latent profiles that were initially characterized by high (∼14% of sample), medium (∼41%), or low (∼45%) levels of all six aggressiveness factors. Looking at the profile-specific factor solutions, five of the six original factors reemerged with considerable similarity across profiles. These factors' profile-specific configurations and correlations portrayed a shift, in which more aggressive profiles were characterized less by angry tendencies toward retaliation and more by their antagonistic traits. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"220-229"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147610839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dynamics of fantasy in daily life: Differentiating schizoid and narcissistic phenomena.","authors":"Marco Di Sarno, Fabio Madeddu, Erika Fanti, Caterina Felici, Rossella Di Pierro, Emanuele Preti","doi":"10.1037/per0000775","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000775","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work investigates fantasy in daily life, in relation to momentary mood and personality pathology. First, a pilot study gathers and pretests a set of items to assess and differentiate grandiose fantasy (GF) and schizoid fantasy: A two-factor structure emerges, despite the strong correlation between the factors. Then, the main preregistered study uses ecological momentary assessment in a community sample (<i>N</i> = 150; 3,396 observations) to investigate the correlates of momentary fantasy. Narcissistic traits are uniquely associated with GF but not with schizoid fantasy. The opposite is true for schizoid traits, in line with our hypotheses. Also, momentary negative mood is associated with both fantasies. Exploratory analyses suggest that (a) this pattern of associations holds when controlling for personality dysfunction; (b) narcissistic traits of agentic extraversion and antagonism are responsible for the association of narcissism with GF; (c) there is no evidence that associations between momentary mood and fantasies are moderated by personality traits; and (d) there is no cross-lagged association between mood and fantasy. The study indicates that fantasy may not be a unitary construct, and that both stable individual differences and momentary mood are associated with its deployment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Latent factors of the alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders: Associations with psychopathology and psychosocial functioning using self- and interviewer-report methods.","authors":"Eunyoe Ro, Jeffrey R Vittengl, Robin B Jarrett, Lee Anna Clark","doi":"10.1037/per0000750","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The alternative model for personality disorders (AMPD) constitutes a major shift in conceptualizing personality pathology and has gained considerable attention among both clinicians and personality pathology researchers. The AMPD has two core components: personality dysfunction (Criterion A) and maladaptive traits (Criterion B). As measures of these components are strongly correlated in self-report, cross-sectional data, some researchers question Criterion A's necessity. We used both self- and interviewer-reported methods to enhance understanding of these AMPD components through principal factors analysis (PFA) and bifactor analysis. Further, we investigated these factors' associations with psychopathology (e.g., mood and anxiety disorder symptoms, criteria for substance use disorders) and psychosocial functioning dimensions (e.g., life satisfaction, interpersonal and occupational problems, daily functioning), again using both self-reported and interviewer-rated measures of these constructs. Six hundred community adults, half each either screened-in as at-risk for personality pathology or currently in outpatient therapy, participated in the study. In both the PFA and bifactor analyses, a distress-and-pathology factor emerged (e.g., negative affectivity, poor self-dysfunction) along with two primarily interpersonal factors: antagonism-disinhibition and detachment. A key difference between the PFA and bifactor analyses was that the interpersonal factors emerged without distress in the bifactor analysis because of the extraction of a general factor and reflected distinct self versus interviewer perspectives. The distress-and-pathology factor consistently displayed meaningful associations with psychopathology symptoms, personality pathology, and psychosocial functioning, whereas the two interpersonal factors were more specifically associated with personality pathology. We discuss the findings' implications for conceptualizing personality pathology and its treatment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"117-127"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12614452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145380045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal association of distress tolerance with borderline and antisocial personality traits in a substance use treatment sample attempting sobriety.","authors":"Eun-Sun Lee, Marina A Bornovalova","doi":"10.1037/per0000755","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000755","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Distress tolerance (DT) is thought to be a transdiagnostic risk factor for psychopathology, especially borderline (BPD) and antisocial personality disorders (ASPD). However, most of the studies documenting the relationship of DT with BPD and ASPD have been cross-sectional, with few examining basic longitudinal patterns of change or interrelationships of these constructs. The present study examined longitudinal patterns of change and prospective reciprocal associations of DT with BPD and ASPD-related pathological personality traits (PPTs) in an adult clinical sample (<i>N</i> = 354) receiving inpatient treatment for substance use disorders and then reintegrating into the community across five time points (baseline, posttreatment, 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-up). Results indicated high rank-order stability for DT and all PPTs, with significant mean level changes between baseline and follow-ups. Eleven bivariate random intercept cross-lagged panel models were fitted for the association of DT with PPTs. Within-person autoregressive effects were generally nonsignificant during treatment up until the posttreatment period but became significant during the community follow-up for both PPTs and DT. Within-person cross-lagged effects were generally nonsignificant, with only four brief and isolated reciprocal associations observed across disinhibition- and antagonism-related PPT models. Significant concurrent associations were replicated at both the within-person and between-person levels. These findings add to the limited literature on the longitudinal dynamics of DT and PPTs in clinical populations. They also underscore the potential value of targeting DT in interventions aimed at reducing emotional and behavioral dysregulation during the transition from treatment to community settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"152-166"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13551755/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145460871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}