Personality disorders最新文献

{"title":"Mapping personality traits: A network approach to uncovering Personality Inventory for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, Brief Form's factorial structure.","authors":"Ludovica Oppici, Alessia Antelmi, Cristina Mazza, Merylin Monaro, Francesca Bosco, Paolo Roma","doi":"10.1037/per0000745","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores the structural properties of the Personality Inventory for the <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i>, fifth edition, Brief Form (PID-5-BF) by applying network analysis and community detection as a data-driven alternative to traditional factor models. Traditionally, the PID-5-BF assesses personality traits across five domains-Negative Affectivity, Detachment, Antagonism, Disinhibition, and Psychoticism-but has shown notable inconsistencies in item alignment and factorial coherence. To examine these issues, data were collected from 2,766 Italian participants (71.7% female, 28.3% male, <i>M</i>_age = 32.94 years, <i>SD</i> = 13.2). The estimated network revealed a stable structure, supported by robust centrality measures (closeness = 0.59, expected influence = 0.75, strength = 0.75). Community detection identified five empirically coherent clusters-Disinhibition, Demoralization, Detachment and Irritability, Psychosocial Alienation, and Pathological Egocentrism-suggesting an alternative organization of maladaptive traits in this population. To assess generalizability, a second analysis was conducted on a Hungarian sample (<i>N</i> = 355), yielding a five-structure solution with different item compositions. While the network approach emphasizes item-level associations, the specific configurations varied across samples in ways that reflect contextual influences. Nonetheless, this method offers complementary insights to traditional factorial models, highlighting how personality traits may organize differently across populations and supporting the use of network-based approaches in refining dimensional models of personality pathology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"30-41"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145066733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychoeducational interventions for borderline personality disorder: A scoping review.","authors":"Nicolás Labbé, Stephanie Vaccarezza, Catalina Nuñez, Ronan Zimmermann, Alex Behn","doi":"10.1037/per0000729","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000729","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychoeducation, delivering up-to-date information about mental illness is crucial for supporting patients' recovery. While recognized for various disorders, its role in borderline personality disorder (BPD) lacks review. This study synthesizes the current evidence about psychoeducational interventions for BPD. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, this scoping review consulted databases (PubMed, PsychINFO, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Información Científica y Técnica en Salud de América Latina y el Caribe), and grey literature (ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global and Google Scholar). A Complementary search (contacting relevant researchers and including relevant references from included articles) was included. Two reviewers screened and extracted the data using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication checklist. Seven studies were analyzed, and positive effects were found on diverse outcomes: BPD symptoms, coping strategies, well-being, communication, quality of life, social functioning, perceived stress, mental health symptoms, and stigma. Psychoeducational interventions for BPD can help people who experience BPD to optimize their recovery process. However, replication and improvements are to yield sustained effects and reach more to this population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"64-72"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144201027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bipolarity of maladaptive personality traits in the alternative model of personality disorders.","authors":"Alexandra Hines, Matthew W Southward, Shannon Sauer-Zavala, Thomas A Widiger","doi":"10.1037/per0000746","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It has been posited that extremely high or extremely low levels of any personality trait in the five-factor model can be maladaptive. However, the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders in Section III of the <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i>-fifth edition (<i>DSM-5</i>) is composed almost exclusively of unipolar maladaptive traits. The lack of maladaptively low neuroticism and high extraversion fails to fully cover psychopathy; the lack of maladaptively high extraversion fails to cover histrionic personality disorder; the lack of maladaptively high agreeableness fails to cover dependent personality disorder; and the lack of maladaptively high conscientiousness fails to cover obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. The goal of this study was to discern whether Five-Factor Model Personality Disorder (FFMPD) scales demonstrate incremental validity over the Personality Inventory for <i>DSM-5</i> (PID-5) in capturing variance in symptom measures of each of these personality disorders. A combined sample of <i>N</i> = 733 completed an online questionnaire battery that included the PID-5 and FFMPD scales for psychopathy, histrionic personality disorder, dependent personality disorder, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, along with symptom measures for each of these conditions. A series of hierarchical regression models was conducted in which each symptom measure was regressed on the PID-5 (entered in Step 1) and the corresponding FFMPD measure (entered in Step 2). Results suggest that adding the FFMPD measure to the models accounted for significantly more variance in its corresponding symptom measure than the PID-5 alone. Taken together, these results suggest that maladaptive variants of personality traits that are often considered healthy (e.g., low neuroticism, high extraversion) confer important information about personality disorder symptoms and functioning and should be included in the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"53-63"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145234280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An exploratory structural equation modeling representation of the Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form 2.0 in Iranian samples: Association with attachment, mentalizing, and personality pathology.","authors":"Ahmad Asgarizadeh, Pantea Mahdavian, Carla Sharp","doi":"10.1037/per0000748","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form 2.0 (LPFS-BF 2.0) is a brief measure for personality functioning based on the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders. Despite a strong emerging research base in support of the measure, most studies have been conducted in North America or Europe, and few studies have explored its association with theoretically relevant correlates such as mentalizing and attachment. The current study examined its factor structure, reliability, measurement invariance, and validity in Iranian samples using Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling. Two Iranian samples participated, composed of community-dwelling adults (<i>N</i> = 579, 58.9% female, <i>M</i>_age = 33.47) and university students (<i>N</i> = 390, 70.8% female, <i>M</i>_age = 27.09). Participants completed the LPFS-BF 2.0 alongside measures of categorical personality pathology, mentalizing, and attachment. Competing measurement models were contrasted, and invariance was tested across samples, sexes, age groups, and diagnostic status. A two-factor Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling model representing self and interpersonal functioning demonstrated optimal fit with good reliability and measurement invariance across all groups. Both domains showed strong associations with attachment insecurities, mentalizing deficits, and personality pathology. The mean score of self dysfunction was significantly higher in students, females, emerging adults, and diagnosed participants, while the interpersonal domain showed no significant group differences. The LPFS-BF 2.0 showed robust psychometric properties in Iranian samples, supporting its cross-cultural utility. Given that self dysfunction varied significantly by sample type, sex, age, and diagnostic status while interpersonal dysfunction did not, the self domain appears to better distinguish between demographic and clinical groups. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"42-52"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145234238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The most influential decision factors for choosing a formal diagnostic classification system for describing personality pathology.","authors":"Lisa Dawson, Greg E Dear, Deirdre Drake","doi":"10.1037/per0000738","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are currently three models for diagnosing personality disorders for practitioners to choose from in the formal diagnostic classification systems <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)</i> and <i>International Classification of Diseases</i> (ICD): the categorical model retained from <i>DSM-IV</i>, a dimensional model in the <i>ICD-11,</i> and the <i>DSM-5</i> Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) that is a hybrid of categorical and dimensional methods. We used a sequential mixed-methods approach to explore how psychologists and psychiatrists decide which model to use for diagnosing personality pathology. In Study 1, we elicited eight themes and seven subthemes that capture the factors that psychologists and psychiatrists (<i>N</i> = 18) consider when deciding whether or not to use the AMPD. In Study 2, these themes were converted to 16 statements reflecting factors that practitioners might consider when deciding which diagnostic model to use when working in a therapeutic role. Psychiatrists (<i>n</i> = 13) and psychologists (<i>n</i> = 70) rated each of the 16 factors according to the degree to which they influence deciding which diagnostic model to use. The most important factors were those pertaining to usefulness in communicating personality information, knowledge about and training in each model, usefulness of the model for describing clients' difficulties and pathology, and level of acceptance of the model by peers and experts in the field. While our data do not identify which model lends itself best to clear communication about personality functioning, or which model is most scientifically sound and accepted within the field, our data indicate that practitioners consider those things important, so clear guidance about those matters based on empirical evidence is needed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"17-29"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144509881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement invariance of the Five-Factor Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory in a U.S. census-matched sample: Demographic differences in obsessive-compulsive personality disorder traits across age, gender, and education.","authors":"Ronnie Hill, Susan C South, Douglas B Samuel","doi":"10.1037/per0000740","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Five-Factor Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (FFOCI) provides an assessment of personality traits relevant to obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is the most prevalent personality disorder within community samples, and the literature marks that some demographic groups are more at risk than others. The FFOCI, however, has never been explored to demonstrate that it assesses these traits in the same way across groups. The current study adds to the literature by evaluating its measurement invariance across gender, education, and age via the alignment method in a sample of 500 U.S. census-matched adults. A novel contribution of the study is the use of the alignment method, which suggested that the FFOCI demonstrated invariance across groups, allowing for mean-level comparison in traits related to overcontrol. Analyses demonstrated that invariance of the FFOCI held across age, gender, and educational level. Mean-level comparisons between groups showed that college-educated individuals were not significantly higher than noncollege-educated on traits relating to overcontrol. There were nuanced differences between men and women, and differences between age groups were more complicated than originally anticipated. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"83-91"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144676789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting the structure of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, Section II personality disorder criteria using individual participant data meta-analysis.","authors":"Steffen Müller, Ulrich Schroeders, Nathan Bachrach, Cord Benecke, Lara Cuevas, Stephan Doering, Ask Elklit, Fernando Gutiérrez, Michael P Hengartner, Todd E Hogue, Christopher J Hopwood, Joni L Mihura, Thomas F Oltmanns, Muirne C S Paap, Geir Pedersen, Daniela Renn, Whitney R Ringwald, Gina Rossi, Jack Samuels, Carla Sharp, Erik Simonsen, Andrew E Skodol, Aidan G C Wright, Mark Zimmerman, Johannes Zimmermann","doi":"10.1037/per0000736","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The factor structure of personality disorder (PD) criteria has long been debated, but due to previous heterogeneous findings, a common structure to represent covariation among the <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,</i> fourth edition <i>(DSM-IV)/DSM-5</i> Section II PD criteria remains an open question. This study integrated individual participant data from 25 samples (<i>N</i> = 30,545) to conduct factor analyses of PD criteria. Measurement invariance tests across gender, clinical status, and assessment method indicated substantial structural differences between interview-based and self-report measures. In interviews, a confirmatory 10-factor model with factors representing specific <i>DSM-5</i> PDs showed a major misfit, with results from exploratory factor analyses suggesting that this was due to a relatively small number of substantial secondary loadings. In self-reports, a confirmatory 10-factor model showed greater misfit than in interviews, and exploratory solutions were more complex. When five factors were extracted, the factors showed some similarity to maladaptive trait domains such as Negative Affectivity and Disinhibition, but there were substantial differences in factor content between interviews and self-reports. In bifactor models, a general factor explained more common variance in self-reports, whereas the content of general factors was similar in both assessment methods. Our findings suggest that interview and self-report measures of PD criteria are not structurally equivalent. To advance research on the structure of PD, it may be useful to consequently focus on the shared variance of multiple methods. For this purpose, future multimethod studies should combine interviews and self-reports with other assessment methods such as informant reports. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144710159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical utility of the Level of Personality Functioning Scale: A survey of German mental health professionals.","authors":"Leon P Wendt, Eva M Klein, Cord Benecke, Susanne Singer, Lena Dotzauer, Deborah Engesser, Yannik van Haaren, Johannes Zimmermann","doi":"10.1037/per0000734","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000734","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders and <i>ICD-11</i> adopt a dimensional approach to personality disorders, defining them in terms of impairments in self-related (identity, self-direction) and interpersonal (empathy, intimacy) personality functions. This study examined the clinical utility of a clinician-rated global evaluation of personality functioning based on the Level of Personality Functioning Scale (LPFS). A total of 346 German mental health professionals provided LPFS ratings for 1,403 patients, stratified by 38 diagnostic categories, including, but not limited to, personality disorders. Clinicians reported on each patient's treatment outcome, recommended optimal treatment components for each patient, and provided their perspective on the clinical utility of the LPFS and its potential risk of stigmatizing patients. On average, clinicians rated the LPFS as \"very useful,\" its applicability as \"rather easy,\" and the risk of patient stigmatization as \"rather low.\" Logistic and ordinal Bayesian multilevel models indicated meaningful associations between LPFS ratings and clinical judgments, highlighting its effectiveness in conveying clinical impressions. Greater impairments in personality functioning were associated with poorer clinician-rated treatment outcome and poorer prognosis. In addition, associations with optimal treatment components yielded a nuanced pattern, with clinicians typically recommending short-term outpatient psychotherapy for patients with mild impairments, long-term psychotherapy for patients with moderate to severe impairments, and intensive care interventions (e.g., outreach care, assisted living) for those with extreme impairments. The results indicate that German mental health professionals consider the LPFS to be a clinically useful concept and that it may be valuable in organizing and communicating information about patients. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"491-503"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144509880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between psychopathy and suicide: A meta-analytic review.","authors":"Leigha Rose, Nathaniel L Phillips, Donald R Lynam, Brian W Bauer, Joshua D Miller","doi":"10.1037/per0000743","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide and is often empirically examined in relation to internalizing psychiatric constructs, such as depression, but less commonly in relation to externalizing disorders. The purpose of this preregistered meta-analysis was to explore the relations between suicide-related variables (i.e., ideation, attempts, and self-harm) and psychopathy-a maladaptive personality construct falling under the externalizing umbrella. The results showed small-to-moderate associations between total psychopathy scores and suicidal ideation (<i>r</i> = .19), behavior (<i>r</i> = .12), and self-harm (<i>r</i> = .20). Psychopathy subscales and factor scores varied widely in their correlations with suicide-related variables, highlighting the utility of assessing psychopathy using a more nuanced, trait-based approach. Potential mechanisms underlying these relations and clinical implications of the findings are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"562-576"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144777132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between pathological personality traits, functional impairment, and personality disorder: Controlling for basic personality traits and identity disturbance.","authors":"Lennart Kiel, Majse Lind, Sune Bo, Carsten Réne Jørgensen, Rikke Bøye, Christina Kjær Frederiksen, Helle Spindler","doi":"10.1037/per0000731","DOIUrl":"10.1037/per0000731","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Contemporary models conceptualize personality disorder (PD) as a combination of personality dysfunction and pathological personality traits. However, some perspectives suggest that pathological traits, along with functional impairment, may be sufficient indicators of PD. This study builds on previous research by investigating whether identity disturbance, defined as impaired coherence, inconsistency, and discontinuity in the sense of self, contributes to pathological personality trait scores beyond basic five-factor personality traits. Additionally, it examines whether the associations between pathological personality trait domains, PD diagnosis, and functional impairment remain when controlling for identity disturbance and basic personality traits. The study included two samples: 776 community individuals (344 with a psychiatric history) and 77 psychiatric patients diagnosed with PD. Structural equation models with latent factors indicated that pathological personality trait domains can be described as a combination of variance from basic personality traits and to a lesser extent identity disturbance. When identity disturbance was controlled for, however, pathological trait domains no longer differentiated individuals with PD from community participants with psychiatric histories. Furthermore, individual pathological trait domains did not demonstrate incremental validity in predicting functional impairment beyond the contributions of basic personality traits and identity disturbance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":74420,"journal":{"name":"Personality disorders","volume":" ","pages":"504-515"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}