PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences最新文献

{"title":"Impact of brain damage on moral judgment.","authors":"Miho Suganami, Keisuke Takahata, Yu Mimura, Masahiro Yamamoto, Hiroyuki Uchida, Taro Muramatsu, Masaru Mimura","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70126","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to determine the effects of damage to various brain regions on moral judgment using a novel third-party punishment task with fully manipulated conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed 35 individuals with brain damage (26 with frontal lobe and nine with non-frontal lobe damage) and 30 healthy controls (HCs) using a moral judgment task consisting of 40 vignettes across five conditions, with varying degrees of intentionality and consequences. Participants rated the protagonist's \"badness\" and their aroused feelings. Cognitive impairments and empathetic traits were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to HCs, individuals with brain damage judged protagonists to be more blameworthy than did HCs in vignettes where harmful intentions were absent (No Negligence, <i>p</i> = 0.02; No Harm, <i>p = </i>0.02). The order of moral judgment ratings across conditions was consistent between groups, indicating preserved knowledge of social/moral norms in brain-damaged individuals. Although these are preliminary results, there are no significant differences in moral judgment ratings between individuals with frontal and non-frontal lobe damage.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed that individuals with damage to diverse brain regions show excessive punitive tendencies toward the actions of others without malicious intention. These effects cannot be fully explained by changes in empathy or emotional responses. Moral judgment ratings did not significantly differ between individuals with frontal and non-frontal lobe damage. However, given the small sample size of the non-frontal lesion group, these findings should be interpreted with caution, and further research is necessary to confirm this conclusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"4 2","pages":"e70126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful treatment with lithium carbonate for periodic psychosis of adolescence.","authors":"Rikuto Christopher Shinohara, Keisuke Inoue, Shun Takayanagi, Yoichi Furutaka, Hikari Yamazaki, Shinya Watanabe","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70133","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Periodic psychosis of adolescence is a rare psychiatric condition observed in adolescent girls, characterized by recurrent episodes of diverse psychiatric symptoms, including behavioral inhibition, excitement, hyperactivity, hallucinations, and delusions. These episodes closely align with the menstrual cycle. Mood stabilizers, such as lithium carbonate, have demonstrated efficacy in managing this condition.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report the case of a 14-year-old adolescent girl with periodic psychosis, successfully treated with lithium carbonate. Her symptoms first appeared at age 12 as transient episodes of insomnia, anxiety, and depressive mood. By age 14, she developed hallucinations and persecutory delusions, leading to hospitalization. Initial treatment with risperidone and aripiprazole was discontinued due to suspected neuroleptic malignant syndrome. During hospitalization, she experienced three distinct psychiatric cycles, each comprising a 2-week period of severe excitement, hyperactivity, hallucinations, and disorganized thinking, followed by a sudden decline in activity levels, with anxiety and fear becoming predominant. Despite adequate treatment with quetiapine and olanzapine, episodes continued to recur. Given the strong correlation between her psychiatric symptoms and menstrual cycle, she was diagnosed with periodic psychosis of adolescence. Lithium carbonate was introduced to prevent further cyclical episodes. The patient was discharged on day 153 of hospitalization. Six months after discharge, she had no recurrence of psychiatric symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case underscores the potential efficacy of lithium carbonate for periodic psychosis of adolescence and the importance of understanding this rare but distinctive psychiatric condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"4 2","pages":"e70133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12173954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144328019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroconvulsive therapy for an older patient with schizophrenia complicated by nonconvulsive status epilepticus during catatonia: A case report.","authors":"Ayumi Takeshita, Masaya Mashimoto, Hiromi Chiba, Motohiro Ozone","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70138","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) can present with symptoms resembling catatonia, such as stupor, staring, and immobility. Distinguishing between the two conditions using electroencephalography (EEG) is crucial. However, reports of NCSE coexisting with catatonia are rare.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We present a case of catatonia associated with schizophrenia complicated by NCSE. A 77-year-old woman with a 30-year history of well-controlled schizophrenia developed stupor and was admitted to our hospital. EEG revealed evolving spike-and-wave complexes, leading to a diagnosis of NCSE. Administration of levetiracetam improved the EEG findings, and subsequent monitoring confirmed resolution of epileptiform activity. However, the patient's stuporous state persisted despite the normalized EEG. Extensive workup showed no evidence of encephalitis or other neurological pathology. We diagnosed her with NCSE and catatonia associated with schizophrenia. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was administered, resulting in complete resolution of the catatonic symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights three key points. First, stupor can result from both NCSE and catatonia associated with schizophrenia. Second, when no physical cause for NCSE is identified and symptoms persist despite EEG improvement following antiepileptic treatment, coexisting catatonia associated with schizophrenia should be considered. Finally, ECT was effective in treating catatonia associated with schizophrenia complicated by NCSE. In patients presenting with stupor, it is important to differentiate between NCSE and catatonia associated with schizophrenia and to recognize the potential for their coexistence.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"4 2","pages":"e70138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12170455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does the Japanese insurance system increase outpatient psychiatric treatment for children and adolescents? A retrospective study using open data from the national claims database for 2016 to 2022.","authors":"Masahide Usami, Yoshinori Sasaki, Masahiro Ishida, Saori Inoue, Masaya Ito, Katsunaka Mikami, Noa Tsujii, Naoko Satake","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70131","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The prevalence of mental health issues among children and adolescents in Japan is rising, including school refusal, suicide, and neurodevelopmental disorders. In response, the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare (MHLW) introduced insurance incentives in 2014 to expand access to outpatient psychiatric services for Japanese youth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan from fiscal years 2016 to 2022. Outpatient psychotherapy claims under the newly introduced insurance categories were analyzed by year, age group, sex, and prefecture. National trends and regional disparities were assessed using linear regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nationwide outpatient psychotherapy claims nearly doubled, from 521.0 per 10,000 youth in fiscal year 2015 to 1034.5 in fiscal year 2022 (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The increase was most pronounced among adolescent girls. By fiscal year 2022, 94% of prefectures had implemented the policy. Some regions, such as Tokushima and Yamanashi, experienced more than a threefold increase. Nevertheless, regional disparities between prefectures remained.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The MHLW's insurance reforms significantly increased access to psychiatric care for children and adolescents across Japan. The combined impact of national financial incentives and local medical subsidies likely contributed to increased service utilization, given the reduction in additional costs for families. Ongoing policy efforts are needed to ensure equitable access and high-quality care nationwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"4 2","pages":"e70131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12158793/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144287506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroconvulsive therapy for depression and oral dyskinesia in a patient who developed parkinsonism induced by valbenazine.","authors":"Yuhei Mori, Yuhei Suzuki, Akiko Sato, Risa Shishido, Yuri Kobayashi, Yuta Fukuchi, Shota Inada, Yuka Iwasaki, Riko Sato, Keitaro Takada, Naoki Morita, Itaru Miura","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70135","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a movement disorder related to long-term antipsychotic use and characterized by involuntary repetitive movements that often affect the oral and facial muscles. Although valbenazine, a vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) inhibitor, is an effective treatment of TD, it may induce drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) in some patients. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) improves depressive symptoms and certain movement disorders; however, its role in managing TD, particularly in patients intolerant to VMAT2 inhibitors because of DIP, remains elusive.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>Herein, we describe a 65-year-old Japanese woman with a history of major depressive episodes and oral dyskinesia. The patient was treated with valbenazine for oral dyskinesia; however, she developed DIP, requiring valbenazine discontinuation. After the worsening of depression, the patient was hospitalized and underwent 10 sessions of modified ECT, which remarkably helped improving depressive symptoms and oral dyskinesia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case suggests that ECT could be a viable treatment option for managing patients with depression and oral dyskinesia who are susceptible of valbenazine-induced parkinsonism.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"4 2","pages":"e70135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12151871/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144276898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the effectiveness of multi-task cognitive activation therapy combining motor and cognitive tasks in patients with schizophrenia.","authors":"Junichi Kino, Tsubasa Morimoto, Yasuhiro Matsuda, Masato Honda, Toshifumi Kishimoto, Takashi Okada","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70137","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To examine the effects of a multi-task cognitive activation therapy (MCAT) program combining motor and cognitive tasks in patients with schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with schizophrenia who received psychiatric day care treatment were included in this study. The study used a mirror-image test with a 3-month pre-intervention and intervention period each. MCAT training was conducted twice a week for 12 weeks for a total of 24 sessions. The Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia - Japanese version (BACS-J) and Facial Emotional Identified Test were used for the primary outcome; the secondary outcomes included the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and the Life Assessment Scale for the Mentally Ill (LASMI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-six patients completed the intervention. The <i>Z</i>-score of the BACS-J before and after the intervention period included verbal memory (-1.98 ± 1.60 before intervention, -1.50 ± 1.41 after intervention, <i>P</i> < 0.01, <i>r</i> = 0.47) and motor function (-1.47 ± 1.71 before intervention, -0.93 ± 1.50 after intervention, <i>P</i> < 0.01, <i>r</i> = 0.47). Significant improvement was observed in the composite score (-2.31 ± 1.51 before intervention, -1.92 ± 1.38 after intervention, <i>P</i> < 0.01, <i>r</i> = 0.52). Significant improvements were also observed on the PANSS comprehensive psychopathology scale and the LASMI interpersonal relationships scale. No other endpoints demonstrated significant improvements. The BACS-J composite score, which was the earliest BACS-J examination, was considered the baseline for all the participants in the moderate and severe groups. The severe group (<i>n</i> = 22) demonstrated significant improvements in the BACS-J verbal memory, composite score, and LASMI interpersonal relationships.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that the MCAT may improve cognitive function and interpersonal relationships in patients with schizophrenia and severe or moderate cognitive impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"4 2","pages":"e70137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12151913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144276899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the Stanford Integrated Psychosocial Assessment for Transplant and 1-year medication nonadherence after living kidney transplantation.","authors":"Kosuke Takano, Sayaka Kobayashi, Hidehiro Oshibuchi, Junko Tsutsui, Satoko Ito, Rumiko Kamba, Rie Akaho, Katsuji Nishimura","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70128","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study investigated the association between the Stanford Integrated Psychosocial Assessment for Transplantation (SIPAT) and medication nonadherence (MNA) in living kidney transplantation (LKT) recipients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center prospective cohort study included 132 LKT recipients at Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital between July 2020 and July 2021. Pretransplant psychosocial evaluations used the Japanese version of the SIPAT (SIPAT-J), and MNA was assessed 1 year posttransplant using the Basel Assessment of Adherence to Immunosuppressive Medication Scale^© (BAASIS^©). Participants completing both SIPAT-J and BAASIS^© evaluations (<i>n</i> = 111) were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between SIPAT scores and MNA, adjusting for age, sex, and employment status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants had a median age of 52 years; 63.1% were male. MNA was observed in 39.6% of recipients, primarily due to timing deviations (34.2%) and missed doses (11.7%). Higher SIPAT D (Lifestyle and Effect of Substance Use) scores were significantly associated with MNA (odds ratio = 1.304, 95% confidence interval = 1.006-1.692, P = 0.045). Other SIPAT subscales and total scores were not significantly associated with MNA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the association between SIPAT and MNA in LKT recipients. MNA remains prevalent 1 year post-LKT, with lifestyle and substance use factors (SIPAT D) showing a significant association. These results underscore the importance of conducting comprehensive psychosocial evaluations, including assessments of lifestyle and substance use, prior to transplantation. Such evaluations may facilitate the identification of at-risk individuals and enable the implementation of targeted interventions to improve medication adherence and posttransplant outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"4 2","pages":"e70128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12148955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144268056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The crisis of scientific paradigm in modern psychiatry and a look to the future.","authors":"Santiago A Levín","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70132","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Contemporary psychiatry is going through times of crisis. In this article, I will focus on the epistemological and historical aspect of the phenomenon. Three authors are the main references guiding the argumentation I offer in this text. They are Thomas Kuhn, Georges Lanteri-Laura and Juan Carlos Stagnaro. The text is intended as an introduction to the epistemological analysis of contemporary psychiatry, but it also proposes to look a little ahead in order to attempt a modest reflection on the future of the specialty.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"4 2","pages":"e70132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12145659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144251211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between oxytocin and S100B in community-dwelling older adults.","authors":"Ryuzo Orihashi, Narumi Fujino, Yoshito Mizoguchi","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70130","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aging of the global population has made healthy aging and the extension of healthy life expectancy significant challenges for many societies. Mental health, including cognitive function, is critical to the quality of life of older adults. Oxytocin, a neuropeptide involved in social bonding and stress regulation, has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects, while S100B, a calcium-binding protein, has been linked to neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. However, the relationship between oxytocin and S100B levels during aging remains unclear. This study investigated the association between serum oxytocin and S100B levels in community-dwelling older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This survey, conducted between November 2016 and September 2017 in Kurokawa-cho, Imari, Saga Prefecture, Japan, included community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years. Blood samples were collected to measure serum oxytocin and S100B levels using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relationships among serum oxytocin, S100B, and cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination, Frontal Assessment Battery, and Clinical Dementia Rating) were analyzed using correlation and multiple regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 95 participants (25 men, 70 women; mean age: 78.03 ± 5.12 years) were analyzed. Our analysis showed that serum oxytocin levels were negatively associated with serum S100B levels even after adjusting for age, sex, years of education, and body mass index. However, no significant correlations were found between these biomarkers and overall cognitive function.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that the neuroprotective effects of oxytocin may influence blood S100B levels, though its direct role in cognitive function remains unclear.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"4 2","pages":"e70130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12141514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144251209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clusters and case vignettes of impaired maternal-fetal bonding in pregnancy: A mixed method approach.","authors":"Toshinori Kitamura, Ayako Hada, Yuriko Usui, Yukiko Ohashi","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70127","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Clinical attention to and understanding of women with impaired fetal bonding is important for early therapeutic intervention. This study aimed to clarify the clinical characteristics of women belonging to groups derived by cluster analysis of impaired maternal-fetal bonding.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A mixed-method approach was adopted. We conducted a two-wave internet survey targeting pregnant women less than 36 gestational weeks by using a questionnaire (33-item Dimensional Assessment of Mother Baby Organization Questionnaire [DAMBO Q33]) with subsequent online interviews (Dimensional Assessment of Mother and Baby Organization-Research Version). The maternal-fetal bonding disorder items in the DAMBO Q33 were entered into a two-step cluster analysis. Two representative cases from each of the clusters, except for the positive bonding cluster, were selected to describe their clinical pictures. Finally, quantitative data and qualitative data were integrated and interpreted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A two-step cluster analysis elicited four clusters: bonding disorder (<i>n</i> = 101), ambivalent bonding (<i>n</i> = 156), positive bonding (<i>n</i> = 173), and lack of bonding emotions (<i>n</i> = 122). Women in the bonding disorder cluster were characterized by seriously negative feelings towards the fetus. Women in the ambivalent bonding cluster wished to be pregnant but were not sufficiently ready for the transition into parenthood. Women in the lack of bonding emotions cluster were characterized by a lack of strong interest in pregnancy and the fetus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patterns of impaired maternal-fetal bonding were identified. We should not think of a pathological category of mental illness among them but recognize that such parents are targets for professional assessments and supportive (therapeutic) interventions. Understanding the meaning of getting pregnant and difficulties in the process of maternal role attainment is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"4 2","pages":"e70127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12141512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144251210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}