PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences最新文献

{"title":"High SAD PERSONS scale scores are associated with subsequent psychiatric admission after suicide attempts: A single-center retrospective study.","authors":"Tatsunori Nagamura, Takero Terayama, Kohei Yamada, Hiroyuki Toda, Tetsuro Kiyozumi","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70342","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The SAD PERSONS scale (SPS) assesses the risk of future suicide attempts; however, its utility in patients with severe physical injuries is unclear. This study explored the association between high SPS scores and subsequent psychiatric admission (SPA) among patients transported to a tertiary emergency center following suicide attempts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center, retrospective observational study included patients transported to our tertiary emergency center between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2023. Patients were enrolled based on their scores on the SPS: ≥5 points (High SPS group) or <5 points (Low SPS group). The primary outcome was SPA; the secondary outcomes were physical complications, length of stay in the emergency department, involuntary psychiatric admission, and re-suicide attempts in the general ward.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 199 patients, 58 (29.1%) were in the High SPS group and 141 (70.9%) in the Low SPS group, with 67 SPA and 61 involuntary admissions. The High SPS group had significantly higher SPA than the Low SPS group (67.2% vs. 19.9%, <i>p</i> < 0.01). Physical complications, length of stay in the emergency department, and involuntary psychiatric admissions were significantly higher in the High SPS group than in the Low SPS group. Re-suicide attempts in the general ward did not significantly increase. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that an SPS score of ≥5 points was significantly associated with SPA (odds ratio 6.97; 95% confidence interval, 2.85-17.1; <i>p</i> < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High SPS scores are associated with SPA. This finding helps emergency physicians predict psychiatric consultations and admission.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"5 2","pages":"e70342"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13240531/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148201090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of transdisciplinary approach scale for healthcare professionals.","authors":"Emi Watanabe, Kiyotaka Nemoto, Hirokazu Tachikawa, Junji Haruta, Tetsuaki Arai","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70343","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study developed and validated the Transdisciplinary Approach Scale (TDAS), the first instrument specifically designed to assess transdisciplinary collaboration abilities among mental health professionals. While existing scales measure interprofessional collaboration attitudes or general competencies, none explicitly address transdisciplinary-specific elements such as role release and shared conceptual frameworks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following a systematic scale development framework, we conducted a literature review, expert content validation, and psychometric testing. Between October 2019 and March 2021, 117 mental health professionals from 14 professions enrolled in the Psychiatric Staff Education Program for Transdisciplinary Approach (PsySEPTA). Baseline data were collected from 96 participants for scale development. Exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency testing, known-groups validity assessment, and responsiveness evaluation were performed. Pre-post data from 53 one-year course participants were used to assess responsiveness to educational intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final 10-item TDAS had a two-factor structure explaining 57.1% of variance: Transdisciplinary Collaboration (six items, <i>α</i> = 0.881) and Transdisciplinary Practice (four items, <i>α</i> = 0.765). No significant differences were observed across professional groups or genders. Following PsySEPTA participation, significant improvements occurred in both factors (Cohen's <i>d</i> = 0.64-0.73), demonstrating the scale's sensitivity to educational intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The TDAS is a psychometrically sound, brief instrument for assessing transdisciplinary collaboration abilities. It captures both collaborative processes and their practical application in patient care, filling an important gap where no validated transdisciplinary assessment previously existed. The scale offers a valuable tool for evaluating team-based, patient-centered care initiatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"5 2","pages":"e70343"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13239788/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric properties, pragmatic screening cut-offs, and feasibility of two Clock Drawing Test formats in older psychiatric outpatients: Associations with MMSE and HDS-R.","authors":"Takayo Hatasaki, Norio Sugawara, Yasushi Kawamata, Chie Hasegawa, Norio Yasui-Furukori","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70351","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare the psychometric properties, pragmatic screening cut-offs, and feasibility of two Clock Drawing Test (CDT) formats in older psychiatric outpatients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed 447 outpatients aged ≥65 years who completed the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Hasegawa Dementia Scale-Revised (HDS-R), and two CDT formats scored using the Freedman method: a free-drawn clock (CDT1) and an examiner-provided clock face (CDT2). Pearson correlations, forced-entry multiple regression models, exploratory factor analyses, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were used. Possible cognitive impairment was operationally defined as MMSE ≤ 23 and/or HDS-R ≤ 20. Administration time was summarized in a convenience subsample (<i>n</i> = 20).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean (SD) age was 80.20 (5.15) years, and mean education was 11.74 (2.36) years. CDT totals correlated positively with MMSE and HDS-R totals (<i>r</i> = 0.47-0.58, all <i>p</i> < 0.01). Education, functional disability, CDT1, and CDT2 predicted MMSE total, while age additionally predicted HDS-R total. Both CDT formats showed interpretable two-factor structures with good internal consistency (Cronbach's <i>α</i> 0.82-0.90). ROC analyses identified the same pragmatic cut-off (10/11) for both formats (CDT1 area under the curve [AUC] 0.72, 95% CI 0.67-0.77; CDT2 AUC 0.71, 95% CI 0.66-0.76). Mean CDT administration time was 2.13 min.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both CDT formats showed clinically useful psychometric properties and similar pragmatic cut-offs in older psychiatric outpatients. CDT1 favored sensitivity, and CDT2 favored specificity at the same threshold. The CDT was highly feasible in routine practice, requiring approximately 2 min to administer.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"5 2","pages":"e70351"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13240572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148201157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Japanese psychiatrists' perceptions of surgical treatment for treatment-resistant obsessive compulsive disorder: A nationwide survey.","authors":"Takashi Morishita, Shinsuke Kito, Kei Yamashiro, Daichi Konno, Hisatomi Arima, Hiroshi Abe, Masaki Iwasaki","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70345","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Surgical interventions such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) have demonstrated efficacy for severe treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (TR-OCD) internationally, but surgical treatment has yet to be implemented in Japan. A nationwide survey of psychiatrists was conducted to clarify their perceptions of OCD surgery, and we analyzed the data with the aim of identifying factors associated with the acceptance of surgical interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A web-based survey was conducted targeting board-certified psychiatrists in Japan. A total of 212 psychiatrists participated, responding to 10 multiple-choice questions assessing their awareness, perceived need, and expectations regarding DBS. Statistical analyses were performed to examine associations between key variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 212 respondents, 130 (61.3%) stated that surgical treatment options should be considered even after taking ethical and social issues into account. Perceived inadequacy of standard treatments alone for severe TR-OCD was strongly associated with perceived need for new treatment options, including surgical interventions and with justifiability of surgical treatment. Clinical experience with OCD showed a modest positive association with surgical acceptability. Awareness of overseas surgical treatment was associated with stronger recognition of treatment limitations and greater acceptance of surgical options. Additional stratified analyses suggested that awareness of overseas surgical treatment may influence how psychiatrists form their attitudes toward surgical intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The survey results generally reflect positive attitudes among psychiatrists toward surgical treatment for TR-OCD. Psychiatrists' support for OCD surgery appears to be primarily associated with perceived unmet clinical needs and awareness of international surgical practices. Enhancing education, addressing ethical concerns, and generating domestic clinical evidence may facilitate the responsible introduction of surgical treatment for TR-OCD.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"5 2","pages":"e70345"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13239198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148201097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics of patients presenting with depressive states who are not receiving antidepressants: A multicenter observational study in Japanese psychiatric practice.","authors":"Hiroyuki Muraoka, Ryota Hashimoto, Kentaro Fukumoto, Fumitoshi Kodaka, Kazutaka Ohi, Ken Inada, Norio Yasui-Furukori","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70344","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70344","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim: &lt;/strong&gt;To describe clinical characteristics associated with antidepressant non-use among patients presenting with depressive states in routine psychiatric practice and to explore factors associated with antidepressant prescription among patients with high diagnostic certainty for major depressive disorder (MDD).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This multicenter cross-sectional observational study used retrospectively collected routine clinical data from 35 psychiatric facilities in Japan. Eligible patients were those who attended participating facilities during March 2023 and were considered by their treating psychiatrist to be under clinical management for a depressive presentation or depressive episode at the index clinical assessment. All variables, including antidepressant use, current clinical state, symptom severity, and diagnostic certainty, were assessed at that single time point. At each site, when a patient not receiving antidepressants was identified, the next consecutively seen patient receiving antidepressants was enrolled as a comparator to facilitate contemporaneous between-group comparison. Physicians completed a standardized case report form including demographics, current clinical state, depressive symptom severity, and diagnostic certainty ratings for MDD and alternative diagnoses. Group comparisons were performed in the full cohort. Analyses restricted to patients with high diagnostic certainty for MDD were prespecified as exploratory, and a multivariable logistic regression model was fitted within this subgroup to examine factors associated with antidepressant prescription.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 1342 patients were enrolled (antidepressant use, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 669; no antidepressant use, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 673). High diagnostic certainty for MDD was less frequent in the no-antidepressant group than in the antidepressant group (22.1% vs. 38.5%). In the no-antidepressant group, commonly reported reasons for non-prescription included lack of diagnostic certainty (74.0%), clinical stability or absence of current symptoms (60.3%), and concerns about adverse effects (17.7%) (multiple responses allowed). In exploratory analyses restricted to patients with high diagnostic certainty for MDD (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 400), remitted status and less severe symptom profiles were more frequent in the no-antidepressant group. In the multivariable model within this subgroup, severe or very severe symptoms (vs. no symptoms) were associated with higher odds of antidepressant prescription (odds ratio [OR] = 4.317, 95% CI 1.067-17.462, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 4.0 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;), whereas age, sex, current state, and developmental disorder certainty were not statistically associated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;In this multicenter observational sample, antidepressant non-use among patients presenting with depressive states was associated with lower diagnostic certainty for MDD and with lower current symptom burden at the time of observatio","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"5 2","pages":"e70344"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13240031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148201569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A scoping review on the mental health of disaster responders for natural disasters in Japan.","authors":"Yukari Ito, Sho Takahashi, Hirokazu Tachikawa, Haruhiko Midorikawa, Tetsuaki Arai","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70346","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study addressed a significant gap in the literature on disaster responders' mental health. Numerous studies have examined disaster victims' mental health. However, reviews on the mental health of disaster responders are limited. Thus, this study reviewed the existing literature and clarified the mental health effects according to disaster type and occupation in Japan. The PubMed, CiNii, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PsycInfo databases were searched. The inclusion criteria were natural disasters in Japan and reports on the mental health status of disaster support workers. The search period was from 1997 to 2025. Among 664 studies, 55 met the inclusion criteria. The research methods included 39 cross-sectional and 16 longitudinal studies. Various types of disasters were identified. The main reported mental health symptoms were post-traumatic stress state (PTSS) and psychological distress. The prevalence of and factors contributing to worsening PTSS and psychological distress varied across occupations. PTSS and psychological distress were relatively high among medical personnel, local government employees, and nuclear power plant workers and relatively low among firefighters and Japan Ground Self-Defense Force personnel. Several personal, disaster-related, and occupational factors were identified as exacerbating PTSS and psychological distress. These included home damage, experiences of discrimination and abuse, long working hours, lack of rest, and poor workplace communication. The prevalence rates and identified stressors should be used to enhance training and preparedness measures during peacetime.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"5 2","pages":"e70346"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13239689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148201499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroconvulsive therapy in an older patient with recurrent major depressive disorder and a permanent pacemaker: A case report.","authors":"Wataru Omori, Narumi Kodaka, Kenichi Oga, Yoshikazu Masuda, Go Okada","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70348","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is highly effective for severe or treatment-resistant major depressive disorder, including in older adults. In patients with permanent pacemakers, however, ECT may be avoided because of concern about device malfunction or arrhythmia.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report a man in his 80s with recurrent major depressive disorder and a dual-chamber pacemaker for complete atrioventricular block. During the approximately 2 years before admission, the depressive episode achieved only partial remission despite mirtazapine 30 mg/day and trials of duloxetine 60 mg/day and venlafaxine 150 mg/day, then worsened acutely. Vortioxetine was introduced after admission, but severe symptoms persisted. Pre-ECT interrogation confirmed pacemaker dependence with only minimal intrinsic ventricular activity. After multidisciplinary preparation, approximately twice-weekly ECT was initiated using a Thymatron System IV device with initial bitemporal placement; stimulus dosing initially followed the half-age method, beginning at 40% (202 mC) with a brief-pulse stimulus. As seizure induction became difficult, augmentation included hyperventilation, theophylline premedication, switching to right unilateral placement, and ketamine anesthesia. Continuous monitoring and peri-ECT device checks showed stable function; no magnet application or reprogramming was required. The patient received 20 treatments. The 21-item GRID Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (GRID-HAM-D) score improved from 32 before ECT to 2 after the acute course. Mood, anxiety, appetite, and physical strength improved early, followed by more gradual improvement in psychomotor retardation. No clinically significant arrhythmias, pacemaker malfunction, oversensing, pacing inhibition, or serious hemodynamic complications occurred.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case supports the feasibility of carefully planned ECT in selected older patients with permanent pacemakers, provided that multidisciplinary planning and practical device precautions are in place.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"5 ","pages":"e70348"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13183783/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147984693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theta burst stimulation for depressive symptoms in early-stage dementia with Lewy bodies: Protocol for a single-arm open-label feasibility study (DL-TBS Study).","authors":"Shun Takahashi, Yuto Satake, Masahiro Hata, Hisaki Omori, Koichi Hosomi, Manabu Ikeda","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70349","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depressive symptoms are highly prevalent in early-stage dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and are associated with impaired quality of life, functional decline, and increased caregiver burden. However, effective and well-tolerated treatment options for depression in this population remain limited because of marked drug sensitivity and autonomic dysfunction. Theta burst stimulation (TBS), a brief form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, may represent a promising non-pharmacological intervention; however, its feasibility and safety in patients with DLB have not been systematically investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center, single-arm, open-label feasibility study will be conducted over four weeks. Participants with prodromal and mild DLB and clinically relevant depressive symptoms will receive intermittent TBS targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex three times per week for four weeks (12 sessions in total). The primary outcome is the completion rate of the 12-session TBS protocol. Secondary outcomes include safety and changes in depressive symptoms, neuropsychiatric symptoms, sleep quality, global clinical severity, cognitive function, cognitive fluctuations, extrapyramidal motor symptoms, activities of daily living, and caregiver burden.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study will evaluate the feasibility and tolerability of TBS in patients with prodromal and mild DLB and will provide descriptive data on changes in clinical outcomes following the intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study will generate critical pilot data regarding the safety and practicality of TBS for depressive symptoms in early-stage DLB. The findings will inform the design of future multicenter, randomized, sham-controlled trials aimed at establishing evidence-based non-pharmacological treatment strategies for this population with limited therapeutic options.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"5 ","pages":"e70349"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13183781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147984674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blonanserin transdermal patch for treating delirium: A case series.","authors":"Mari Hemmi, Takuma Yamaguchi, Yuki Shigetsura, Daiki Hira, Hitoshi Tanimukai, Hirotsugu Kawashima, Yukiko Miyoshi, Hiroki Endo, Shunsaku Nakagawa, Tomohiro Terada","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70341","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Antipsychotics are commonly recommended for the treatment of delirium; however, alternative options are warranted due to the limitations of oral and injectable formulations. The blonanserin (BNS) transdermal patch may improve treatment adherence; however, evidence regarding its efficacy in managing delirium remains limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective case series describes 51 cases of delirium managed with BNS patches at Kyoto University Hospital between January 2020 and June 2022. The effectiveness of the BNS patch for delirium, the rationale for its selection, and the associated adverse events were retrospectively evaluated using electronic medical records. Delirium was diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition criteria by physicians from the consultation-liaison or palliative care teams, and the symptoms were regularly monitored. Effectiveness was assessed based on non-standardized clinical judgment documented in the medical records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hyperactive and mixed delirium were observed in 41.2% and 56.9% of patients, respectively. Overall, the therapeutic response rate across all patients was 84.3%. The main reasons for the selection of BNS patches were difficulty or inability to take oral medications (60.8%). Adverse events occurred in 29.4% of patients; all resolved after discontinuation of the BNS patch, and no serious or irreversible reactions were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings indicate that the BNS patch has potential as an effective treatment option for delirium, particularly in patients with challenges in the administration of medication. However, given the retrospective and exploratory nature of this study, the findings should be interpreted with caution.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"5 ","pages":"e70341"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13158812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147935948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) as an early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorder in clinical settings in Japan: A non-randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Yukie Tateno, Ryunosuke Monden, Kahoru Kumagai, Masaru Tateno","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70340","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The Early Start Denver Model (ESDM), a core Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Intervention (NDBI), promotes developmental gains in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) through socially embedded learning. Because high-intensity ESDM programs (approximately 20 h/week) are difficult to implement in many Japanese clinical settings, this study evaluated the effectiveness of a low-intensity ESDM program using standardized assessments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A non-randomized controlled design was employed with 47 toddlers aged 18-36 months with a confirmed ASD diagnosis. Thirty participants were allocated to the intervention group, while 17 participants were assigned to the control group and received treatment as usual. Unlike the original ESDM randomized controlled trial implementing approximately 20 h/week, the intervention group (ESDM group, <i>n</i> = 30) received 60-min ESDM sessions once weekly for 24 weeks, with parents present during sessions. Outcomes were assessed before and after intervention using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 (ADOS-2), Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development 2020 (KSPD-2020), and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-II (Vineland-II).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis of covariance (ancova) controlling for baseline scores revealed a significant group difference in the KSPD-2020 all domains developmental quotient (DQ) (<i>p</i> = 0.0416). Trend-level differences were observed in the postural-motor domain (<i>p</i> = 0.0811) and the cognition-adaptation domain (<i>p</i> = 0.0555). No significant between-group differences were found in the other outcome measures. Adaptive behavior showed modest increases in communication and socialization, although between-group differences were not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although the original ESDM recommends intensive delivery exceeding 15 h per week for 2 years, the present findings provide preliminary evidence that a low-intensity ESDM program-delivered once weekly for 24 sessions-can support meaningful developmental progress, even when changes in core autism symptoms are not detected after statistical adjustment in toddlers with ASD in Japanese clinical settings. These results highlight the feasibility of adapting ESDM principles to low-intensity service environments and underscore their potential applicability within Japanese cultural and systemic contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"5 ","pages":"e70340"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13154911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147870614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}