PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences最新文献

{"title":"Shin Ihda's \"manifestation model of mood disorders\" based on situation theory and twin studies.","authors":"Kohei Echizen, Susumu Ohmae","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70083","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article introduces Shin Ihda's manifestation model of mood disorders. Ihda et al. reported eight cases of monozygotic twins with discrepancies in the onset and clinical presentation of mood disorders. The reports emphasize the prevalence of cyclothymic, melancholic-type, and manic-type personalities among the twins, as well as the differences in onset, clinical presentations, and course of the disorder, despite the twins being genetically nearly identical. Applying the twin study methodology, Ihda proposed the twins' developmental histories, personalities, and situations surrounding disorder onset as factors contributing to discrepancies in the clinical presentation and course of the disorder. Based on situation theory, he proposed a manifestation model of mood disorders, comprehensively explaining the development of a depression-prone personality through growth stages, situations that lead to depression or mania, and the disorder progression process based on inherent temperament. The model assumes five possible pathways: the revelation of underlying mood instability in defenseless cyclothymic personalities; the collapse of the illusionary feeling of omnipotence in manic-type individuals; the revelation of the need for objects in clinging individuals; the collapse of the illusionary feeling of integration with an authority figure through introjection in melancholic individuals; and neurosis. Ihda's insightful depiction of the specific interactions between genetics and environment has valuable implications for research and clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"e70083"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11919633/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143665629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurodevelopmental and personality traits of somatic symptom disorder: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Mirai Miyoshi, Rieko Takanashi, Kayoko Taguchi, Tokiko Yoshida, Kohei Kurita, Eiji Shimizu","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70082","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Somatic symptom disorder (SSD) is prevalent in primary healthcare settings and is often challenging to diagnose and treat. This study examined the neurodevelopmental and personality traits of individuals with probable SSD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study utilized anonymous online surveys. In this study, individuals with a score of 23 or higher on the Somatic Symptom Disorder-B Criteria Scale (SSD-12) were defined as having probable SSD, and individuals with no somatic symptoms and who scored 0 were defined as the healthy control (HC) group. We compared groups regarding neurodevelopmental traits, personality traits, depression, and anxiety using self-report questionnaires and analysis of covariance. In addition, we examined the association between neurodevelopmental traits, emotional problems, and SSD in the probable SSD group using structural equation modeling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 491 people with probable SSD and 532 age- and sex-matched HCs were analyzed. The scores for somatic symptom severity, depression, generalized anxiety, health anxiety, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder traits, autism spectrum disorder traits, personality traits, and personality disorder traits showed significant differences between the probable SSD group and the HC group. In the probable SSD group, neurodevelopmental traits positively and directly affected emotional problems and SSD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most neurodevelopmental and personality traits were associated with probable SSD. When approaching patients suspected of having SSD, clinicians may consider not only somatic symptoms, but also neurodevelopmental traits, personality traits, depression, and anxiety.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"e70082"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 12-item self-report Questionnaire for Difficulty in Social Communication as a simultaneous prescreening of autism spectrum and social anxiety.","authors":"Minami Teruya, Kazuhiro Kurihara, Takao Ishibashi, Kazuki Ota, Hotaka Shinzato, Yoshikazu Takaesu, Tsuyoshi Kondo","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70084","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Young patients with social communication difficulties are often diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), social communication disorder (SCD), or social anxiety disorder (SAD). This study aimed to develop a questionnaire, especially focusing on the prescreening of SAD complicated by ASD/SCD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The 12-item self-report Questionnaire for Difficulty in Social Communication (DISC-12) was developed and analyzed using exploratory factor analysis in 94 patients with ASD/SCD (35 with SAD, 59 without). An additional 17 patients with only SAD were included. Convergent validity was assessed via correlations with the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) and Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS). DISC-12 scores and demographics were compared across ASD/SCD, ASD/SCD + SAD, and SAD groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of DISC-12 subscales distinguished autistic traits from social anxiety.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Factor analysis revealed a three-factor model for the DISC-12, comprising nonassertiveness, poor empathy, and interpersonal hypersensitivity. DISC-12 showed significant correlations with the AQ (<i>r</i> = 0.412, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and LSAS (<i>r</i> = 0.429, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Patients with ASD/SCD had higher Poor Empathy scores, while SAD patients had higher Interpersonal Hypersensitivity scores than the other groups. ROC analysis indicated that Poor Empathy and Interpersonal Hypersensitivity subscale scores effectively differentiated ASD/SCD from patients with SAD and vice versa.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DISC-12 is a rapid and effective prescreening tool for identifying both ASD and social anxiety, particularly in young patients with self-reported difficulties in social communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"e70084"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913619/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental health needs in the acute and subacute phases of the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake: Emergency Medical Information System data analysis in Disaster Psychiatric Assistance Team activities.","authors":"Yasuto Kunii, Yumiko Hamaie, Mizuki Hino, Yusuke Utsumi, Yasuhisa Fukuo, Hiroaki Tomita","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70085","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>As it is difficult to examine the mental health of disaster victims immediately after a disaster through the rigorous procedures required for academic papers, the overall mental state of victims immediately after a disaster is not well understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the actual mental health needs of victims during the transition from the acute and subacute phases to the chronic phase of the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake (NPE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We obtained Emergency Medical Information System (EMIS) data for a period of ∼1 month during Disaster Psychiatric Assistance Team support from outside the prefecture in Suzu City and Noto Town. We then extracted the following variables of the supportees from the EMIS data: age, consultation stage, content of response, psychiatric treatment history, and diagnostic classification. We compared the variables between the 2 weeks immediately after the disaster (Phase 1) and the following 2 weeks (Phase 2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>New consultations started mostly in Phase 1 and dropped in Phase 2. Consultations were initially dominated by victims with existing psychiatric disorders, but those on dementia-related problems and direct stress reactions to the disaster increased over time.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Information accumulated in the EMIS was useful for providing an overview of the mental state of communities affected by the 2024 NPE. The extracted findings may be useful for planning mental health measures for affected communities and preparing for future disasters, which may improve community resilience in affected areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"e70085"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913620/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological support for an adolescent awaiting heart transplantation: A case report on psychological intervention using the Stanford Integrated Psychosocial Assessment for Transplant.","authors":"Kosuke Takano, Junko Tsutsui, Hidehiro Oshibuchi, Sayaka Kobayashi, Rie Akaho, Katsuji Nishimura","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70087","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psychosocial factors significantly influence outcomes following heart transplantation (HT). In Japan, the prolonged waiting period for HT often requires a ventricular assist device (VAD), demanding strict adherence to self-care regimens to prevent complications. The Stanford Integrated Psychosocial Assessment for Transplantation (SIPAT) identifies psychosocial barriers to successful transplantation. This case report describes the use of SIPAT-guided psychological support for an adolescent awaiting HT.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 16-year-old Japanese male with dilated cardiomyopathy underwent evaluation for HT. The SIPAT assessment revealed a total score of 25, with elevated scores in readiness for illness management (SIPAT A: 11) and social support (SIPAT B: 12), indicating challenges with understanding his condition and unstable family dynamics. Tailored interventions included psychotherapy and family psychoeducation. Following VAD implantation, initial nonadherence to self-care prompted further evaluation using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition, which revealed deficits in processing speed and verbal comprehension. A transtheoretical model-guided intervention was then implemented to improve self-care behaviors. Periodic SIPAT assessments during routine check-ups facilitated ongoing monitoring and timely interventions. Over 25 months, the SIPAT scores improved (14 and 15) and no adverse outcomes, such as infections, emergency hospitalizations, or nonadherence behaviors, were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the effectiveness of early SIPAT-guided psychological support and multidisciplinary interventions in addressing complex psychosocial issues in adolescents during the VAD waiting period. It underscores the critical need for regular psychosocial assessments and individualized care to optimize transplantation outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"e70087"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical staff's knowledge of delirium by occupation and the effectiveness of an on-demand e-learning.","authors":"Hirotaka Yamagata, Rieko Kobayashi, Kenichi Hirose, Tomoe Seki, Takahisa Takihara","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pcn5.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aimed to evaluate the understanding of delirium among multidisciplinary medical staff and assess whether a brief e-learning course improved their knowledge on the topic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 611 medical staff members participated in the study, including 32 physicians, 393 nurses, 33 nursing assistants, 21 pharmacists, and 132 other multidisciplinary staff, which included non-clinical personnel. A 20-question delirium knowledge test was administered both before and after a 40-min, on-demand e-learning course.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, there was limited understanding that delirium involves a disturbance of consciousness, can be triggered by physical illness or medications, and that few medications are recommended for its treatment. Furthermore, visual hallucinations were not widely recognized as a common type of hallucination in delirium. However, care strategies and non-pharmacological interventions for delirium were well understood even before the course. After the brief e-learning course, knowledge scores significantly increased, demonstrating a large effect size of 0.53. Physicians and pharmacists achieved higher overall knowledge scores after the course compared to other occupational groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Education and targeted dissemination efforts regarding the causes, diagnosis, and pharmacological treatment of delirium are essential for enhancing delirium knowledge among multidisciplinary staff. The leadership role of a \"liaison\" psychiatrist is pivotal for ensuring effective delirium care and fostering a team-based approach in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"e70078"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910968/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143652548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The rate of patients screened positive for gaming disorder/Internet gaming disorder among adolescents with mental health issues assessed by two screening tests: A nine-item screening test for GD (GAMES Test) and the Ten-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT-10).","authors":"Masaru Tateno, Takanobu Matsuzaki, Ayumi Takano, Yukie Tateno, Takahiro A Kato, Susumu Higuchi","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70080","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study is to estimate the rate of patients who screened positive for gaming disorder (GD) in ICD-11 among adolescents with psychiatric and/or developmental disorders by using two screening tests: a nine-item screening test for GD, GAMing Engagement Screening test (GAMES Test), and the Ten-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT-10).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Subjects were 257 adolescent patients attending a psychiatric clinic in Sapporo, Japan. They were asked to complete two questionnaires. The total score on the IGDT-10 was calculated by two different scoring methods, original version (OV) and modified version (MV). The three groups were also compared on the basis of their clinical diagnoses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 203 respondents, 42 (20.7%) screened positive using the GAMES Test. With respect to the IGDT-10, only eight (3.9%) screened positive using the IGDT-10 OV scoring, while 55 (27.1%) screened positive using the IGDT-10 MV. The most notable finding was that the mean total scores on the GAMES Test and the IGDT-10 MV were significantly higher in the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder group than in the other two groups (depression and autism spectrum disorder).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study showed that adolescents with mental health problems had a higher rate of screening positivity on self-rated screening tools for GD than the general population. Because excessive gaming has a wide range of adverse effects on adolescents' mental health, early detection of probable GD is crucial. Screening for GD should be part of routine clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"e70080"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11904998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire 9: A brief measure of eating pathology.","authors":"Yoshikatsu Nakai, Kazuko Nin, Shunichi Noma","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70075","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70075","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"e70075"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11903498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of self-esteem on health-related quality of life in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders.","authors":"Minobu Ikehara, Natsuko Kashida, Rio Ishida, Ryo Mizui, Manabu Makinodan, Kazuhiko Yamamuro","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70079","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that markedly impairs the physical, emotional, and social domains of health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Children with ASD typically report lower HRQOL than their neurotypical peers. This study investigated the impact of self-esteem and depressive symptoms on HRQOL in children with ASD and explored the discrepancies between parent-reported and self-reported HRQOL.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study involved 94 participants, comprising 50 children with ASD and 44 typically developed. HRQOL was measured using the J-KIDSCREEN-52 (self-reported and parent-reported). Self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and social support were assessed using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, respectively. Discrepancies between parent-reported and self-reported HRQOL were examined. Multiple regression analyses were performed to determine the influence of depressive symptoms and self-esteem on HRQOL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children with ASD showed markedly lower HRQOL than their neurotypical peers. Discrepancies between parent-reported and self-reported HRQOL revealed differing perspectives. Higher depressive symptoms were strongly correlated with poorer HRQOL. Conversely, higher self-esteem was linked to better HRQOL, notably in terms of self-perception. Social support also markedly influenced HRQOL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study underscores the necessity of addressing depressive symptoms, self-esteem, and social support as interventions to enhance HRQOL in children with ASD. The differences between parent-reported and self-reported HRQOL highlight the need to incorporate both views into clinical assessments for comprehensive and effective interventions. Future research should explore these dynamics longitudinally and across diverse populations to refine the intervention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"e70079"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11903494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological support by full-time school counselors from the City of Nagoya after the 2024 Noto Earthquake: An activity report.","authors":"Hiromichi Inaba, Yoshitaka Nishikawa, Hiroko Tsuboi, Yukiyo Nagai, Kei Ohashi, Rie Yamada, Masatsugu Sakata, Akane Nogimura, Toshiya Murai, Atsurou Yamada","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70074","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The City of Nagoya employs full-time school counselors in its schools. This activity report highlights the role of them in offering psychological support after the disaster.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"e70074"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11876853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143560156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}