Oxford open neuroscience最新文献_第3页

Competing contextual processes rely on the infralimbic and prelimbic medial prefrontal cortices in the rat. 竞争上下文过程依赖于大鼠边缘下和边缘前内侧前额叶皮层

Oxford open neuroscience Pub Date : 2023-03-17 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvad003

David N George, Simon Killcross, Josephine E Haddon

{"title":"Competing contextual processes rely on the infralimbic and prelimbic medial prefrontal cortices in the rat.","authors":"David N George, Simon Killcross, Josephine E Haddon","doi":"10.1093/oons/kvad003","DOIUrl":"10.1093/oons/kvad003","url":null,"abstract":"Ambiguous relationships between events may be established using interference procedures such as latent inhibition, extinction or counterconditioning. Under these conditions, the retrieval of individual associations between a stimulus and outcome is affected by contextual cues. To examine the roles of the dorsal (prelimbic) and ventral (infralimbic) medial prefrontal cortex in the contextual modulation of such associations, we investigated the context specificity of latent inhibition. Male Lister hooded rats were pre-exposed to two separate stimuli, one in each of two distinct contexts. Both stimuli were then paired with the delivery of mild foot-shock in the same one of these contexts. Finally, the strength of the resultant conditioned emotional response (CER) to each stimulus was assessed in each context. For the sham-operated control rats, the CER was attenuated for each stimulus when it was tested in the context in which it had been pre-exposed. Rats who had received lesions to the infralimbic cortex showed this effect only in the conditioning context, whereas rats with lesions to the prelimbic cortex showed the effect only in the context in which conditioning had not taken place. These findings indicate that infralimbic and prelimbic cortices play distinct, and competing, roles in the contextual modulation of initial and later learning.","PeriodicalId":74386,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"kvad003"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10913818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49157459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genetic modifiers of synucleinopathies-lessons from experimental models. 同核病的遗传修饰因子——实验模型的经验教训

Oxford open neuroscience Pub Date : 2023-03-09 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvad001

Rachel Min Qi Lee, Tong-Wey Koh

引用次数: 0

Correction to: A fly's eye view of quiescent neural stem cells. 更正：静止神经干细胞的蝇眼视角。

Oxford open neuroscience Pub Date : 2023-03-03 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvac017

Mahekta R Gujar, Hongyan Wang

引用次数: 0

A Critical Review of Zebrafish Neurological Disease Models-2. Application: Functional and Neuroanatomical Phenotyping Strategies and Chemical Screens. 斑马鱼神经系统疾病模型评述-2.应用：功能和神经解剖表型分析策略与化学筛选。

Oxford open neuroscience Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-12-09 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvac019

Edward A Burton, Harold A Burgess

{"title":"A Critical Review of Zebrafish Neurological Disease Models-2. Application: Functional and Neuroanatomical Phenotyping Strategies and Chemical Screens.","authors":"Edward A Burton, Harold A Burgess","doi":"10.1093/oons/kvac019","DOIUrl":"10.1093/oons/kvac019","url":null,"abstract":"Extensive phylogenetic conservation of molecular pathways and neuroanatomical structures, associated with efficient methods for genetic modification, have been exploited increasingly to generate zebrafish models of human disease. A range of powerful approaches can be deployed to analyze these models with the ultimate goal of elucidating pathogenic mechanisms and accelerating efforts to find effective treatments. Unbiased neurobehavioral assays can provide readouts that parallel clinical abnormalities found in patients, although some of the most useful assays quantify responses that are not routinely evaluated clinically, and differences between zebrafish and human brains preclude expression of the full range of neurobehavioral abnormalities seen in disease. Imaging approaches that use fluorescent reporters and standardized brain atlases coupled with quantitative measurements of brain structure offer an unbiased means to link experimental manipulations to changes in neural architecture. Together, quantitative structural and functional analyses allow dissection of the cellular and physiological basis underlying neurological phenotypes. These approaches can be used as outputs in chemical modifier screens, which provide a major opportunity to exploit zebrafish models to identify small molecule modulators of pathophysiology that may be informative for understanding disease mechanisms and possible therapeutic approaches.","PeriodicalId":74386,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open neuroscience","volume":"2 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10455049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10119978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamics and Mechanisms of ERK Activation after Different Protocols that Induce Long-Term Synaptic Facilitation in Aplysia. 不同方案诱导海马长期突触易化后ERK激活的动力学和机制。

Oxford open neuroscience Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvac014

Yili Zhang, Rong-Yu Liu, Paul Smolen, Leonard J Cleary, John H Byrne

{"title":"Dynamics and Mechanisms of ERK Activation after Different Protocols that Induce Long-Term Synaptic Facilitation in Aplysia.","authors":"Yili Zhang, Rong-Yu Liu, Paul Smolen, Leonard J Cleary, John H Byrne","doi":"10.1093/oons/kvac014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oons/kvac014","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorylation of the MAPK family member extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is required to induce long-term synaptic plasticity, but little is known about its persistence. We examined ERK activation by three protocols that induce long-term synaptic facilitation (LTF) of the Aplysia sensorimotor synapse - the standard protocol (five 5-min pulses of 5-HT with interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of 20 min), the enhanced protocol (five pulses with irregular ISIs, which induces greater and longer-lasting LTF) and the two-pulse protocol (two pulses with ISI 45 min). Immunofluorescence revealed complex ERK activation. The standard and two-pulse protocols immediately increased active, phosphorylated ERK (pERK), which decayed within 5 h. A second wave of increased pERK was detected 18 h post-treatment for all protocols. This late phase was blocked by inhibitors of protein kinase A, TrkB and TGF-β. These results suggest that complex interactions among kinase pathways and growth factors contribute to the late increase of pERK. ERK activity returned to basal 24 h after the standard or two-pulse protocols, but remained elevated 24 h for the enhanced protocol. This 24-h elevation was also dependent on PKA and TGF-β, and partly on TrkB. These results begin to characterize long-lasting ERK activation, plausibly maintained by positive feedback involving growth factors and PKA, that appears essential to maintain LTF and LTM. Because many processes involved in LTF and late LTP are conserved among Aplysia and mammals, these findings highlight the importance of examining the dynamics of kinase cascades involved in vertebrate long-term memory.","PeriodicalId":74386,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open neuroscience","volume":"2 ","pages":"kvac014"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10464504/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10165892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hierarchical organization of rhesus macaque behavior. 猕猴行为的等级组织。

Oxford open neuroscience Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvad006

Benjamin Voloh, Benjamin R Eisenreich, David J-N Maisson, R Becket Ebitz, Hyun Soo Park, Benjamin Y Hayden, Jan Zimmermann

{"title":"Hierarchical organization of rhesus macaque behavior.","authors":"Benjamin Voloh, Benjamin R Eisenreich, David J-N Maisson, R Becket Ebitz, Hyun Soo Park, Benjamin Y Hayden, Jan Zimmermann","doi":"10.1093/oons/kvad006","DOIUrl":"10.1093/oons/kvad006","url":null,"abstract":"Primatologists, psychologists and neuroscientists have long hypothesized that primate behavior is highly structured. However, delineating that structure has been impossible due to the difficulties of precision behavioral tracking. Here we analyzed a dataset consisting of continuous measures of the 3D position of two male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) performing three different tasks in a large unrestrained environment over several hours. Using an unsupervised embedding approach on the tracked joints, we identified commonly repeated pose patterns, which we call postures. We found that macaques' behavior is characterized by 49 distinct postures, lasting an average of 0.6 seconds. We found evidence that behavior is hierarchically organized, in that transitions between poses tend to occur within larger modules, which correspond to identifiable actions; these actions are further organized hierarchically. Our behavioral decomposition allows us to identify universal (cross-individual and cross-task) and unique (specific to each individual and task) principles of behavior. These results demonstrate the hierarchical nature of primate behavior, provide a method for the automated ethogramming of primate behavior, and provide important constraints on neural models of pose generation.","PeriodicalId":74386,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open neuroscience","volume":"2 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10421634/pdf/nihms-1918724.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10003023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Critical Review of Zebrafish Neurological Disease Models-1. The Premise: Neuroanatomical, Cellular and Genetic Homology and Experimental Tractability. 斑马鱼神经疾病模型综述-1。前提:神经解剖学，细胞和基因同源性和实验可追溯性。

Oxford open neuroscience Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvac018

Harold A Burgess, Edward A Burton

{"title":"A Critical Review of Zebrafish Neurological Disease Models-1. The Premise: Neuroanatomical, Cellular and Genetic Homology and Experimental Tractability.","authors":"Harold A Burgess, Edward A Burton","doi":"10.1093/oons/kvac018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oons/kvac018","url":null,"abstract":"The last decade has seen a dramatic rise in the number of genes linked to neurological disorders, necessitating new models to explore underlying mechanisms and to test potential therapies. Over a similar period, many laboratories adopted zebrafish as a tractable model for studying brain development, defining neural circuits and performing chemical screens. Here we discuss strengths and limitations of using the zebrafish system to model neurological disorders. The underlying premise for many disease models is the high degree of homology between human and zebrafish genes, coupled with the conserved vertebrate Bauplan and repertoire of neurochemical signaling molecules. Yet, we caution that important evolutionary divergences often limit the extent to which human symptoms can be modeled meaningfully in zebrafish. We outline advances in genetic technologies that allow human mutations to be reproduced faithfully in zebrafish. Together with methods that visualize the development and function of neuronal pathways at the single cell level, there is now an unprecedented opportunity to understand how disease-associated genetic changes disrupt neural circuits, a level of analysis that is ideally suited to uncovering pathogenic changes in human brain disorders.","PeriodicalId":74386,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open neuroscience","volume":"2 ","pages":"kvac018"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10464506/pdf/kvac018.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10159132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Theta oscillations in anterior cingulate cortex and orbitofrontal cortex differentially modulate accuracy and speed in flexible reward learning. 前扣带回皮层和眶额皮层的θ振荡对灵活奖励学习的准确性和速度有不同的调节作用。

Oxford open neuroscience Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-28 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvad005

Tony Ye, Juan Luis Romero-Sosa, Anne Rickard, Claudia G Aguirre, Andrew M Wikenheiser, Hugh T Blair, Alicia Izquierdo

{"title":"Theta oscillations in anterior cingulate cortex and orbitofrontal cortex differentially modulate accuracy and speed in flexible reward learning.","authors":"Tony Ye, Juan Luis Romero-Sosa, Anne Rickard, Claudia G Aguirre, Andrew M Wikenheiser, Hugh T Blair, Alicia Izquierdo","doi":"10.1093/oons/kvad005","DOIUrl":"10.1093/oons/kvad005","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible reward learning relies on frontal cortex, with substantial evidence indicating that anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) subregions play important roles. Recent studies in both rat and macaque suggest theta oscillations (5-10 Hz) may be a spectral signature that coordinates this learning. However, network-level interactions between ACC and OFC in flexible learning remain unclear. We investigated the learning of stimulus-reward associations using a combination of simultaneous in vivo electrophysiology in dorsal ACC and ventral OFC, partnered with bilateral inhibitory DREADDs in ACC. In freely behaving male and female rats and using a within-subject design, we examined accuracy and speed of response across distinct and precisely defined trial epochs during initial visual discrimination learning and subsequent reversal of stimulus-reward contingencies. Following ACC inhibition, there was a propensity for random responding in early reversal learning, with correct vs. incorrect trials distinguished only from OFC, not ACC, theta power differences in the reversal phase. ACC inhibition also hastened incorrect choices during reversal. This same pattern of change in accuracy and speed was not observed in viral control animals. Thus, characteristics of impaired reversal learning following ACC inhibition are poor deliberation and weak theta signaling of accuracy in this region. The present results also point to OFC theta oscillations as a prominent feature of reversal learning, unperturbed by ACC inhibition.","PeriodicalId":74386,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open neuroscience","volume":"2 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10348740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9833716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prefrontal influences on the function of the neural circuitry underlying anxious temperament in primates. 前额叶对灵长类动物焦虑性情神经回路功能的影响。

Oxford open neuroscience Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-28 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvac016

Margaux M Kenwood, Jonathan A Oler, Do P M Tromp, Andrew S Fox, Marissa K Riedel, Patrick H Roseboom, Kevin G Brunner, Nakul Aggarwal, Elisabeth A Murray, Ned H Kalin

{"title":"Prefrontal influences on the function of the neural circuitry underlying anxious temperament in primates.","authors":"Margaux M Kenwood, Jonathan A Oler, Do P M Tromp, Andrew S Fox, Marissa K Riedel, Patrick H Roseboom, Kevin G Brunner, Nakul Aggarwal, Elisabeth A Murray, Ned H Kalin","doi":"10.1093/oons/kvac016","DOIUrl":"10.1093/oons/kvac016","url":null,"abstract":"Anxious temperament, characterized by heightened behavioral and physiological reactivity to potential threat, is an early childhood risk factor for the later development of stress-related psychopathology. Using a well-validated nonhuman primate model, we tested the hypothesis that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is critical in regulating the expression of primate anxiety-like behavior, as well as the function of subcortical components of the anxiety-related neural circuit. We performed aspiration lesions of a narrow 'strip' of the posterior orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) intended to disrupt both cortex and axons entering, exiting and coursing through the pOFC, particularly those of the uncinate fasciculus (UF), a white matter tract that courses adjacent to and through this region. The OFC is of particular interest as a potential regulatory region because of its extensive reciprocal connections with amygdala, other subcortical structures and other frontal lobe regions. We validated this lesion method by demonstrating marked lesion-induced decreases in the microstructural integrity of the UF, which contains most of the fibers that connect the ventral PFC with temporal lobe structures as well as with other frontal regions. While the lesions resulted in modest decreases in threat-related behavior, they substantially decreased metabolism in components of the circuit underlying threat processing. These findings provide evidence for the importance of structural connectivity between the PFC and key subcortical structures in regulating the functions of brain regions known to be involved in the adaptive and maladaptive expression of anxiety.","PeriodicalId":74386,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open neuroscience","volume":"2 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10426770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10394567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sex differences in patch-leaving foraging decisions in rats 大鼠留下斑块觅食决策的性别差异

Oxford open neuroscience Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvad011

Marissa Garcia, Sukriti Gupta, Andrew M Wikenheiser

{"title":"Sex differences in patch-leaving foraging decisions in rats","authors":"Marissa Garcia, Sukriti Gupta, Andrew M Wikenheiser","doi":"10.1093/oons/kvad011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oons/kvad011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The ubiquity, importance, and sophistication of foraging behavior makes it an ideal platform for studying naturalistic decision making in animals. We developed a spatial patch-foraging task for rats, in which subjects chose how long to remain in one foraging patch as the rate of food earnings steadily decreased. The cost of seeking out a new location was varied across sessions. The behavioral task was designed to mimic the structure of natural foraging problems, where distinct spatial locations are associated with different reward statistics, and decisions require navigation and movement through space. Male and female Long-Evans rats generally followed the predictions of theoretical models of foraging, albeit with a consistent tendency to persist with patches for too long compared to behavioral strategies that maximize food intake rate. The tendency to choose overly-long patch residence times was stronger in male rats. We also observed sex differences in locomotion as rats performed the task, but these differences in movement only partially accounted for the differences in patch residence durations observed between male and female rats. Together, these results suggest a nuanced relationship between movement, sex, and foraging decisions.","PeriodicalId":74386,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open neuroscience","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135008177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0