Oxford open neuroscience最新文献_第4页

Dampened sensory representations for expected input across the ventral visual stream. 腹侧视觉流中预期输入的阻尼感觉表示

Oxford open neuroscience Pub Date : 2022-08-15 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvac013

David Richter, Micha Heilbron, Floris P de Lange

{"title":"Dampened sensory representations for expected input across the ventral visual stream.","authors":"David Richter, Micha Heilbron, Floris P de Lange","doi":"10.1093/oons/kvac013","DOIUrl":"10.1093/oons/kvac013","url":null,"abstract":"Expectations, derived from previous experience, can help in making perception faster, more reliable and informative. A key neural signature of perceptual expectations is expectation suppression, an attenuated neural response to expected compared with unexpected stimuli. While expectation suppression has been reported using a variety of paradigms and recording methods, it remains unclear what neural modulation underlies this response attenuation. Sharpening models propose that neural populations tuned away from an expected stimulus are particularly suppressed by expectations, thereby resulting in an attenuated, but sharper population response. In contrast, dampening models suggest that neural populations tuned toward the expected stimulus are most suppressed, thus resulting in a dampened, less redundant population response. Empirical support is divided, with some studies favoring sharpening, while others support dampening. A key limitation of previous neuroimaging studies is the ability to draw inferences about neural-level modulations based on population (e.g. voxel) level signals. Indeed, recent simulations of repetition suppression showed that opposite neural modulations can lead to comparable population-level modulations. Forward models provide one solution to this inference limitation. Here, we used forward models to implement sharpening and dampening models, mapping neural modulations to voxel-level data. We show that a feature-specific gain modulation, suppressing neurons tuned toward the expected stimulus, best explains the empirical fMRI data. Thus, our results support the dampening account of expectation suppression, suggesting that expectations reduce redundancy in sensory cortex, and thereby promote updating of internal models on the basis of surprising information.","PeriodicalId":74386,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"kvac013"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10939312/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45723696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Retina regeneration: lessons from vertebrates. 视网膜再生：脊椎动物的经验教训

Oxford open neuroscience Pub Date : 2022-08-02 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvac012

Poonam Sharma, Rajesh Ramachandran

{"title":"Retina regeneration: lessons from vertebrates.","authors":"Poonam Sharma, Rajesh Ramachandran","doi":"10.1093/oons/kvac012","DOIUrl":"10.1093/oons/kvac012","url":null,"abstract":"Unlike mammals, vertebrates such as fishes and frogs exhibit remarkable tissue regeneration including the central nervous system. Retina being part of the central nervous system has attracted the interest of several research groups to explore its regenerative ability in different vertebrate models including mice. Fishes and frogs completely restore the size, shape and tissue structure of an injured retina. Several studies have unraveled molecular mechanisms underlying retina regeneration. In teleosts, soon after injury, the Müller glial cells of the retina reprogram to form a proliferating population of Müller glia-derived progenitor cells capable of differentiating into various neural cell types and Müller glia. In amphibians, the transdifferentiation of retinal pigment epithelium and differentiation of ciliary marginal zone cells contribute to retina regeneration. In chicks and mice, supplementation with external growth factors or genetic modifications cause a partial regenerative response in the damaged retina. The initiation of retina regeneration is achieved through sequential orchestration of gene expression through controlled modulations in the genetic and epigenetic landscape of the progenitor cells. Several developmental biology pathways are turned on during the Müller glia reprogramming, retinal pigment epithelium transdifferentiation and ciliary marginal zone differentiation. Further, several tumorigenic pathways and gene expression events also contribute to the complete regeneration cascade of events. In this review, we address the various retinal injury paradigms and subsequent gene expression events governed in different vertebrate species. Further, we compared how vertebrates such as teleost fishes and amphibians can achieve excellent regenerative responses in the retina compared with their mammalian counterparts.","PeriodicalId":74386,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"kvac012"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10913848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49279458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

RNA editing of ion channels and receptors in physiology and neurological disorders. 生理和神经疾病中离子通道和受体的RNA编辑

Oxford open neuroscience Pub Date : 2022-07-11 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvac010

Jing Zhai, Joanne Huifen Koh, Tuck Wah Soong

{"title":"RNA editing of ion channels and receptors in physiology and neurological disorders.","authors":"Jing Zhai, Joanne Huifen Koh, Tuck Wah Soong","doi":"10.1093/oons/kvac010","DOIUrl":"10.1093/oons/kvac010","url":null,"abstract":"Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification that diversifies protein functions by recoding RNA or alters protein quantity by regulating mRNA level. A-to-I editing is catalyzed by adenosine deaminases that act on RNA. Millions of editing sites have been reported, but they are mostly found in non-coding sequences. However, there are also several recoding editing sites in transcripts coding for ion channels or transporters that have been shown to play important roles in physiology and changes in editing level are associated with neurological diseases. These editing sites are not only found to be evolutionary conserved across species, but they are also dynamically regulated spatially, developmentally and by environmental factors. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of A-to-I RNA editing of ion channels and receptors in the context of their roles in physiology and pathological disease. We also discuss the regulation of editing events and site-directed RNA editing approaches for functional study that offer a therapeutic pathway for clinical applications.","PeriodicalId":74386,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open neuroscience","volume":"1 1","pages":"kvac010"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11003377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41446495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tissue-Wide Effects Override Cell-Intrinsic Gene Function in Radial Neuron Migration. 径向神经元迁移中的组织宽效应覆盖细胞内在基因功能

Oxford open neuroscience Pub Date : 2022-07-07 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvac009

Andi H Hansen, Florian M Pauler, Michael Riedl, Carmen Streicher, Anna Heger, Susanne Laukoter, Christoph Sommer, Armel Nicolas, Björn Hof, Li Huei Tsai, Thomas Rülicke, Simon Hippenmeyer

{"title":"Tissue-Wide Effects Override Cell-Intrinsic Gene Function in Radial Neuron Migration.","authors":"Andi H Hansen, Florian M Pauler, Michael Riedl, Carmen Streicher, Anna Heger, Susanne Laukoter, Christoph Sommer, Armel Nicolas, Björn Hof, Li Huei Tsai, Thomas Rülicke, Simon Hippenmeyer","doi":"10.1093/oons/kvac009","DOIUrl":"10.1093/oons/kvac009","url":null,"abstract":"The mammalian neocortex is composed of diverse neuronal and glial cell classes that broadly arrange in six distinct laminae. Cortical layers emerge during development and defects in the developmental programs that orchestrate cortical lamination are associated with neurodevelopmental diseases. The developmental principle of cortical layer formation depends on concerted radial projection neuron migration, from their birthplace to their final target position. Radial migration occurs in defined sequential steps, regulated by a large array of signaling pathways. However, based on genetic loss-of-function experiments, most studies have thus far focused on the role of cell-autonomous gene function. Yet, cortical neuron migration in situ is a complex process and migrating neurons traverse along diverse cellular compartments and environments. The role of tissue-wide properties and genetic state in radial neuron migration is however not clear. Here we utilized mosaic analysis with double markers (MADM) technology to either sparsely or globally delete gene function, followed by quantitative single-cell phenotyping. The MADM-based gene ablation paradigms in combination with computational modeling demonstrated that global tissue-wide effects predominate cell-autonomous gene function albeit in a gene-specific manner. Our results thus suggest that the genetic landscape in a tissue critically affects the overall migration phenotype of individual cortical projection neurons. In a broader context, our findings imply that global tissue-wide effects represent an essential component of the underlying etiology associated with focal malformations of cortical development in particular, and neurological diseases in general.","PeriodicalId":74386,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"kvac009"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10939316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47052313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

RNA and neuronal function: the importance of post-transcriptional regulation. RNA与神经元功能:转录后调控的重要性

Oxford open neuroscience Pub Date : 2022-07-07 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvac011

Vandita D Bhat, Jagannath Jayaraj, Kavita Babu

{"title":"RNA and neuronal function: the importance of post-transcriptional regulation.","authors":"Vandita D Bhat, Jagannath Jayaraj, Kavita Babu","doi":"10.1093/oons/kvac011","DOIUrl":"10.1093/oons/kvac011","url":null,"abstract":"The brain represents an organ with a particularly high diversity of genes that undergo post-transcriptional gene regulation through multiple mechanisms that affect RNA metabolism and, consequently, brain function. This vast regulatory process in the brain allows for a tight spatiotemporal control over protein expression, a necessary factor due to the unique morphologies of neurons. The numerous mechanisms of post-transcriptional regulation or translational control of gene expression in the brain include alternative splicing, RNA editing, mRNA stability and transport. A large number of trans-elements such as RNA-binding proteins and micro RNAs bind to specific cis-elements on transcripts to dictate the fate of mRNAs including its stability, localization, activation and degradation. Several trans-elements are exemplary regulators of translation, employing multiple cofactors and regulatory machinery so as to influence mRNA fate. Networks of regulatory trans-elements exert control over key neuronal processes such as neurogenesis, synaptic transmission and plasticity. Perturbations in these networks may directly or indirectly cause neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. We will be reviewing multiple mechanisms of gene regulation by trans-elements occurring specifically in neurons.","PeriodicalId":74386,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"kvac011"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10913846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44284444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The elusive transcriptional memory trace. 难以捉摸的转录记忆痕迹

Oxford open neuroscience Pub Date : 2022-06-16 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvac008

Beatriz Gil-Marti, Celia G Barredo, Sara Pina-Flores, Jose Luis Trejo, Enrique Turiegano, Francisco A Martin

{"title":"The elusive transcriptional memory trace.","authors":"Beatriz Gil-Marti, Celia G Barredo, Sara Pina-Flores, Jose Luis Trejo, Enrique Turiegano, Francisco A Martin","doi":"10.1093/oons/kvac008","DOIUrl":"10.1093/oons/kvac008","url":null,"abstract":"Memory is the brain faculty to store and remember information. It is a sequential process in which four different phases can be distinguished: encoding or learning, consolidation, storage and reactivation. Since the discovery of the first Drosophila gene essential for memory formation in 1976, our knowledge of its mechanisms has progressed greatly. The current view considers the existence of engrams, ensembles of neuronal populations whose activity is temporally coordinated and represents the minimal correlate of experience in brain circuits. In order to form and maintain the engram, protein synthesis and, probably, specific transcriptional program(s) is required. The immediate early gene response during learning process has been extensively studied. However, a detailed description of the transcriptional response for later memory phases was technically challenging. Recent advances in transcriptomics have allowed us to tackle this biological problem. This review summarizes recent findings in this field, and discusses whether or not it is possible to identify a transcriptional trace for memory.","PeriodicalId":74386,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open neuroscience","volume":"1 1","pages":"kvac008"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10913820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61459213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Establishing neuronal polarity: microtubule regulation during neurite initiation. 神经元极性的建立:神经突形成过程中的微管调节

Oxford open neuroscience Pub Date : 2022-05-13 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvac007

Victoria E Higgs, Raman M Das

引用次数: 0

A fly's eye view of quiescent neural stem cells. 静止神经干细胞的 "苍蝇眼"。

Oxford open neuroscience Pub Date : 2022-05-04 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvac001

Mahekta R Gujar, Hongyan Wang

引用次数: 0

Introducing Oxford Open Neuroscience. 牛津开放神经科学介绍。

Oxford open neuroscience Pub Date : 2022-05-04 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvac005

Sam Gilbert, Carlos Ibáñez, Alicia Izquierdo, Orly Reiner, Hongyan Wang

引用次数: 0

Inhibitory postsynaptic density from the lens of phase separation. 来自相分离透镜的抑制性突触后密度

Oxford open neuroscience Pub Date : 2022-05-04 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvac003

Guanhua Bai, Mingjie Zhang

引用次数: 0