Oxford open neurosciencePub Date : 2022-04-29eCollection Date: 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvac006
Eliza Bliss-Moreau, Vincent D Costa, Mark G Baxter
{"title":"A pragmatic reevaluation of the efficacy of nonhuman primate optogenetics for psychiatry.","authors":"Eliza Bliss-Moreau, Vincent D Costa, Mark G Baxter","doi":"10.1093/oons/kvac006","DOIUrl":"10.1093/oons/kvac006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Translational neuroscience is committed to generating discoveries in the laboratory that ultimately can improve human lives. Optogenetics has received considerable attention because of its demonstrated promise in rodent brains to manipulate cells and circuits. In a recent report, Tremblay <i>et al.</i> [28] introduce an open resource detailing optogenetic studies of the nonhuman primate (NHP) brain and make robust claims about the translatability of the technology. We propose that their quantitative (e.g. a 91% success rate) and theoretical claims are questionable because the data were analyzed at a level relevant to the rodent but not NHP brain. Injections were clustered within a few monkeys in a few studies in a few brain regions, and their definitions of success were not clearly relevant to human neuropsychiatric disease. A reanalysis of the data with a modified definition of success that included a behavioral and biological effect revealed a 62.5% success rate that was lower when considering only strong outcomes (53.1%). This calls into question the current efficacy of optogenetic techniques in the NHP brain and suggests that we are a long way from being able to leverage them in 'the service of patients with neurological or psychiatric conditions' as the Tremblay report claims.</p>","PeriodicalId":74386,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"kvac006"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10939311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49083513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anapaula Themann, Minerva Rodriguez, Israel Garcia-Carachure, Omar Lira, Sergio D Iñiguez
{"title":"Adolescent fluoxetine exposure increases ERK-related signaling within the prefrontal cortex of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats.","authors":"Anapaula Themann, Minerva Rodriguez, Israel Garcia-Carachure, Omar Lira, Sergio D Iñiguez","doi":"10.1093/oons/kvac015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oons/kvac015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There has been a disproportionate increase in fluoxetine (FLX) prescription rates within the juvenile population. Thus, we evaluated how adolescent FLX exposure alters expression/phosphorylation of proteins from the extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2 cascade within the adult prefrontal cortex (PFC). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to FLX (20 mg/kg) for 15 consecutive days (postnatal-day [PD] 35-49). At PD70 (adulthood), we examined protein markers for ERK1/2, ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). FLX-pretreatment decreased body weight, while increasing PFC phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and RSK, as well as total mTOR protein expression in adulthood. We provide first-line evidence that juvenile FLX-pretreatment induces long-term decreases in body weight-gain, along with neurobiological changes in the adult PFC - highlighting that early-life antidepressant exposure increases ERK-related signaling markers in later life.</p>","PeriodicalId":74386,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open neuroscience","volume":"1 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9918101/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10696925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}