Nature water最新文献

{"title":"Cryosphere–groundwater connectivity is a missing link in the mountain water cycle","authors":"Marit van Tiel, Caroline Aubry-Wake, Lauren Somers, Christoff Andermann, Francesco Avanzi, Michel Baraer, Gabriele Chiogna, Clémence Daigre, Soumik Das, Fabian Drenkhan, Daniel Farinotti, Catriona L. Fyffe, Inge de Graaf, Sarah Hanus, Walter Immerzeel, Franziska Koch, Jeffrey M. McKenzie, Tom Müller, Andrea L. Popp, Zarina Saidaliyeva, Bettina Schaefli, Oliver S. Schilling, Kapiolani Teagai, James M. Thornton, Vadim Yapiyev","doi":"10.1038/s44221-024-00277-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-024-00277-8","url":null,"abstract":"The mountain cryosphere and groundwater play pivotal roles in shaping the hydrological cycle, yet their connectivity remains incompletely understood. Current knowledge on meltwater recharge and consequent groundwater discharge processes is better developed for snow–groundwater connectivity than for glacier–groundwater connectivity. Estimates of meltwater recharge vary considerably, which is probably a function of not only inherent catchment characteristics but also of the different spatio-temporal scales involved and the uncertainties in the methods used. This hinders a comprehensive understanding of the mountain water cycle. As glaciers retreat, permafrost thaws and snowpack diminishes, the relative importance of mountain groundwater is expected to increase. However, shifting and declining recharge from the cryosphere may decrease absolute groundwater amounts and fluxes with as-yet unknown effects on catchment-scale hydrological processes. We therefore stress the need to better quantify mountain cryosphere–groundwater connectivity to predict climate change impacts on mountain water supply and to support sustainable water resource management of downstream socio-ecological systems. This Perspective reviews the current understanding of groundwater recharge by meltwater, discusses the scales at which cryosphere–groundwater interactions are relevant, identifies key cryo-hydrogeological processes that need further study, and emphasizes the critical importance of these interactions for current and future water availability in mountain regions.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"2 7","pages":"624-637"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141745992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting river flow dynamics using stable isotopes for better adaptation to climate and land-use changes","authors":"Yuliya Vystavna, Leo Chavanne, Astrid Harjung, David X. Soto, Andrew Watson, Jodie Miller, Johannes Cullmann","doi":"10.1038/s44221-024-00280-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-024-00280-z","url":null,"abstract":"Adapting to climate and land-use changes requires accurate prediction of river flow dynamics, particularly the seasonally varying water fraction with a rapid response to hydroclimate changes. By analysing stable isotopes in water molecules from precipitation and rivers, here we identified the young water fraction (<2–3 months) and introduced a dynamic water retention indicator to depict river flow dynamics. Examining 20,045 samples from 136 perennial rivers and 45 large catchments globally, we categorized dynamic water retention as high, moderate or low. Around 25% of rivers showed low dynamic water retention, indicating faster responses to hydroclimate events, whereas 50% exhibited high dynamic water retention, suggesting slower responses. Dynamic water retention and young water fraction correlated with changes in crop cover, forest cover, air temperature and precipitation, demonstrating temporal variations in three European rivers with decade-long isotope records. Isotope monitoring of rivers emerges as a cost-effective tool for understanding river flow dynamics and improving water resource management within ongoing hydroclimate and land-use changes. Using stable isotopes, this study introduces an indicator of dynamic water retention that shows river flow dynamics are influenced by land use and hydroclimate characteristics, helping categorize catchment responses and improving water resource management.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"2 8","pages":"741-748"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141722387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the limits and gaps of flood adaptation","authors":"Jeroen C. J. H. Aerts, Paul D. Bates, W. J. Wouter Botzen, Jens de Bruijn, Jim W. Hall, Bart van den Hurk, Heidi Kreibich, Bruno Merz, Sanne Muis, Jaroslav Mysiak, Eric Tate, Frans Berkhout","doi":"10.1038/s44221-024-00274-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-024-00274-x","url":null,"abstract":"Flood adaptation measures such as levees, flood-proofing structures, nature-based solutions and flood insurance are essential to cope with the growing flood risk caused by climate change and urban development into flood-prone areas. However, many communities in flood zones are ill-protected because the implementation of adaptation measures is hindered by a variety of constraints to adaptation, including the cost, limitations on institutional capacity and societal inertia. When adaptation efforts fall short relative to a desired level due to a combination of constraints, it results in an ‘adaptation gap’. Here we present a risk-based framework to systematically examine the technical, social and behavioural constraints that contribute to adaptation gaps. We argue that, without overcoming these constraints, adaptation gaps will widen under climate change, exposing increasing populations to heightened flood risk. This may then require more radical actions including relocation, as risks become intolerable. We argue that quantitative flood risk assessments must consider constraints and adaptation gaps systematically, especially where they may lead to flood adaptation limits. Without assessing these dynamic relationships, flood managers may overestimate the efficacy of flood adaptation measures and underestimate the unequal distribution of flood risks. This study addresses the limitations and constraints of flood adaptation. These limits could result in a growing ‘adaptation gap’ (the difference between actual and desirable flood risk), leading to unbearable risks and pushing communities in flood zones into retreat.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"2 8","pages":"719-728"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141640958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The capillaries of the Arctic tundra","authors":"Anna K. Liljedahl, Chandi Witharana, Elias Manos","doi":"10.1038/s44221-024-00276-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-024-00276-9","url":null,"abstract":"For millennia, permafrost landscapes have gradually grown the foundation for a capillary hydrologic system. It is now being activated by unusual warmth.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"2 7","pages":"611-614"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141648047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Irrigation water recycling in greenhouses","authors":"Qing Li, Wenshuai Chen","doi":"10.1038/s44221-024-00272-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-024-00272-z","url":null,"abstract":"Solar-powered hygroscopic gels adsorb moisture derived from crop transpiration and soil evaporation at night and release it back into soil under sunlight during the day via a facile device, enabling recycling of irrigation water in greenhouses.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"2 7","pages":"622-623"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141572866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solar-driven scalable hygroscopic gel for recycling water from passive plant transpiration and soil evaporation","authors":"Hao Zou, Xinge Yang, Jingling Zhu, Fan Wang, Ziya Zeng, Chengjie Xiang, Danfeng Huang, Jun Li, Ruzhu Wang","doi":"10.1038/s44221-024-00265-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-024-00265-y","url":null,"abstract":"In the face of escalating global water scarcity, intensified by population growth and agricultural demands, there is an urgent need to improve water efficiency in greenhouse cultivation. The rapid development of atmospheric water harvesting technology offers us an opportunity to address this issue. Here a novel, solar-driven, scalable hygroscopic gel, termed TCP-Li, that demonstrates exceptional water uptake capacity (3.38 gwater gsorbent−1) and rapid solar thermal water release was reported. As a proof-of-concept application, we utilize this material in a transpiration and evaporation adsorption device (TEAD), which leverages the properties of TCP-Li to efficiently harvest water vapour from plant transpiration and soil evaporation. TEAD operates passively, absorbing moisture at high relative humidity during the night and releasing water for irrigation during the day using natural sunlight. Greenhouse experiments confirmed the efficacy of TEAD in ensuring normal plant growth while providing additional irrigation water (87.1 g per plant and 1,890.6 g m−2), thereby achieving an average water-saving effect of 44.9%. This study introduces a groundbreaking solution aimed at enhancing water efficiency in greenhouse cultivation, offering substantial potential for commercial and large-scale agricultural applications and significantly contributing to mitigating the global water crisis and optimizing water use in modern agriculture. A considerable portion of human water usage is allocated to agriculture, yet optimizing water resources remains a persistent challenge. A promising solution lies in solar-powered technology integrated with hygroscopic porous gel, which captures water vapour from both plant transpiration and soil evaporation. This approach holds potential to enhance water utilization efficiency within greenhouses.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"2 7","pages":"663-673"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141572869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unearthing the frozen frontiers","authors":"Yanhua Chen","doi":"10.1038/s44221-024-00275-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-024-00275-w","url":null,"abstract":"Fieldwork isn’t just about collecting data — it’s a deeply immersive experience that connects cryosphere researchers directly to the landscapes they study. Each moment in the field, across the permafrost, snow, and glaciers, fosters a profound appreciation for the responses of these environments to the changing climate and human activities. Nature Water asked three experts about their experiences and insights into fieldwork.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"2 7","pages":"615-617"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141572867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upcycling waste sewage sludge into superior single-atom Fenton-like catalyst for sustainable water purification","authors":"Chao-Hai Gu, Ya Pan, Ting-Ting Wei, Ai-Yong Zhang, Yang Si, Chang Liu, Zhi-Hu Sun, Jie-Jie Chen, Han-Qing Yu","doi":"10.1038/s44221-024-00258-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-024-00258-x","url":null,"abstract":"The worldwide generation of waste sludge emanating from municipal wastewater treatment plants amounts to 80–90 million tons of dry matter annually and continues to escalate, posing a substantial economic and environmental challenge for society. Although waste sludge offers a tantalizing resource to be harnessed, highly efficient and effective strategies for its repurposing remain elusive due to its complex compositions and low concentration of recoverable metallic elements. Here we devise a straightforward methodology for adept transformation of waste sludge into high-value single-atom catalysts (SACs) for water purification. This process involves in situ upcycling of trace redox-reactive transition metals present in sludge into single-atom speciation by carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, silicon and aluminium via the formation of reactive anchoring sites and selective chemical bonds. Sludge-derived SACs demonstrate remarkable reactivity, stability and selectivity in Fenton-like degradation of various contaminants. Structural analyses and density functional theory calculations reveal that co-coordinated iron single atoms act as the principal reactive sites in the catalysts. In addition, other single-atom transition metals with distinct coordination structures form and contribute to catalytic performance. Furthermore, we employ life cycle assessment and payback period analysis to conduct an evaluation of sludge upcycling to SACs with considerations of environmental impacts and production costs at an industrial level. Compared with conventional incineration, the overall life cycle impacts of our upcycling approach on human health, ecosystems and resources are much lower and exhibit a greater potential for reduction of emissions. This innovative technology promises financial benefits, obviates the substantial economic burdens of sludge disposal and charts a new trajectory for waste sludge disposal, promoting the genesis of more sustainable wastewater and waste management frameworks. The transformation of waste sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants into valuable resources is fraught with challenges due to its complex composition. The approach proposed here efficiently upcycles trace redox-reactive transition metals present in sludge into single-atom catalysts, offering the dual benefit of effective sludge disposal and enhanced water purification.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"2 7","pages":"649-662"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141572871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upcycling sludge into high-performance catalysts","authors":"Zhongxiang Wang, Yadong Yin","doi":"10.1038/s44221-024-00270-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-024-00270-1","url":null,"abstract":"Transforming waste sludge into valuable resources presents a promising solution for sludge management. The method of crafting single-atom catalysts by utilizing a range of elements in sludge illustrates its potential effectiveness in water purification.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"2 7","pages":"620-621"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141572870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the feasibility of glacier preservation","authors":"Matthias Huss","doi":"10.1038/s44221-024-00269-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-024-00269-8","url":null,"abstract":"Even though approaches to artificially reduce local glacier melt have been developed, they face considerable challenges on the larger scale. To mitigate the negative effects of an imminent loss of mountain glaciers, preserving the ice by reducing greenhouse gas emissions remains the most effective solution.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"2 7","pages":"606-607"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141572872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}