Nature water最新文献_第10页

Quantifying women in the water workforce 量化妇女在水务工作者队伍中的比例

Nature water Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1038/s44221-024-00308-4

Grace Oluwasanya, Ayodetimi Omoniyi, Manzoor Qadir, Kaveh Madani

引用次数: 0

Preserving Doñana Park requires sound science, wise governance, and expert engineering 保护多纳纳公园需要可靠的科学、明智的管理和专业的工程技术

Nature water Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1038/s44221-024-00309-3

Julio Berbel, Fernando Delgado-Ramos

引用次数: 0

The greenhouse gas cost of irrigation as adaptation 适应性灌溉的温室气体成本

Nature water Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1038/s44221-024-00301-x

Bonnie M. McGill

引用次数: 0

Using water and wastewater decentralization to enhance the resilience and sustainability of cities 利用供水和污水处理权力下放提高城市的复原力和可持续性

Nature water Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1038/s44221-024-00303-9

Manel Garrido-Baserba, David L. Sedlak, Maria Molinos-Senante, Irene Barnosell, Oliver Schraa, Diego Rosso, Marta Verdaguer, Manel Poch

{"title":"Using water and wastewater decentralization to enhance the resilience and sustainability of cities","authors":"Manel Garrido-Baserba, David L. Sedlak, Maria Molinos-Senante, Irene Barnosell, Oliver Schraa, Diego Rosso, Marta Verdaguer, Manel Poch","doi":"10.1038/s44221-024-00303-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-024-00303-9","url":null,"abstract":"The imperative to make energy and resource consumption more sustainable is prompting a critical reconsideration of all human endeavours. Within urban water management, the drive to enhance sustainability is grounded in the recognition that water services consume a substantial amount of energy and that wastewater contains valuable resources, including water, heat, organic matter and essential plant nutrients. To make urban water systems more sustainable, a paradigm shift is needed. Among the proposed strategies, source separation coupled with anaerobic co-digestion appears to be an effective means of recovering energy, water and nutrients. Here, as existing centralized infrastructure that serves tens to hundreds of thousands of people is difficult to alter and the technologies needed to realize this strategy are difficult to implement in single-family homes, we consider the scale of a city block. Using a quantitative model of unit processes that simulate energy, water and nutrient flows, we consider the technical and economic feasibility of a representative decentralized system, as well as its environmental impacts. To realize potential synergies associated with on-site use of the recovered resources, we complement the decentralized water system with vertical farming, photovoltaic energy generation and rainwater harvesting. Our analysis suggests that decentralized water systems can serve as a cornerstone of efforts to enhance resource efficiency and improve the resilience of cities. Decentralized source separation offers a cost-effective, resilient alternative to conventional methods, enhancing resource recovery and reducing environmental impacts.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"2 10","pages":"953-974"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44221-024-00303-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Systematic re-review of WASH trials to assess women’s engagement in intervention delivery and research activities 重新系统审查讲卫生运动试验，评估妇女参与干预措施实施和研究活动的情况

Nature water Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1038/s44221-024-00299-2

Bethany A. Caruso, April M. Ballard, Julia Sobolik, Madeleine Patrick, Janice Dsouza, Sheela S. Sinharoy, Oliver Cumming, Jennyfer Wolf, Isha Ray

{"title":"Systematic re-review of WASH trials to assess women’s engagement in intervention delivery and research activities","authors":"Bethany A. Caruso, April M. Ballard, Julia Sobolik, Madeleine Patrick, Janice Dsouza, Sheela S. Sinharoy, Oliver Cumming, Jennyfer Wolf, Isha Ray","doi":"10.1038/s44221-024-00299-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-024-00299-2","url":null,"abstract":"Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions significantly reduce health risks in low- and middle-income countries. Many rely on women, but the extent of women’s engagement remains undocumented. Here we conducted a re-review of papers from two systematic reviews that assessed the effectiveness of water, sanitation and/or handwashing with soap interventions on diarrhoeal disease and acute respiratory infections to assess women’s roles in WASH research and intervention activities. A total of 133 studies were included. Among studies that specified gender, women were the most sought-after group for engagement in research (n = 91/132; 68.9%) and intervention (n = 49/120; 40.8%) activities. Reporting time burden for research (n = 1; 1%) and intervention activities (n = 3; 2.5%) was rare. All interventions were classified as gender unequal (36.7%) or gender unaware (63.3%) according to the World Health Organization Gender Responsiveness Assessment Scale, indicating exploitative engagement. Women play a critical but instrumentalized role in WASH, and both research and interventions need to change to enable, and not hinder, gender equality. This systematic re-review of water, sanitation and hygiene trials found that women play a critical but instrumentalized role in research and intervention activities. Research and interventions need to change to enable, and not hinder, gender equality.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"2 9","pages":"827-836"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44221-024-00299-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deconvoluting the impacts of harmful algal blooms in multi-stressed systems 多压力系统中有害藻华影响的解卷

Nature water Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1038/s44221-024-00304-8

Bryan W. Brooks

引用次数: 0

Mixtures of organic micropollutants exacerbated in vitro neurotoxicity of prymnesins and contributed to aquatic toxicity during a toxic algal bloom 有机微污染物混合物加剧了胰蛋白酶的体外神经毒性，并在有毒藻类大量繁殖期间加剧了水生毒性

Nature water Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1038/s44221-024-00297-4

Beate I. Escher, Jörg Ahlheim, Alexander Böhme, Dietrich Borchardt, Werner Brack, Georg Braun, John K. Colbourne, Janek Paul Dann, Joern Gessner, Annika Jahnke, Maria König, Nils Klüver, Martin Krauss, Jungeun Lee, Xiaojing Li, Stefan Lips, Luisa Orsini, Karsten Rinke, Mechthild Schmitt-Jansen, Stefan Scholz, Tobias Schulze, Stephanie Spahr, Nadin Ulrich, Markus Weitere, Elisabeth Varga

{"title":"Mixtures of organic micropollutants exacerbated in vitro neurotoxicity of prymnesins and contributed to aquatic toxicity during a toxic algal bloom","authors":"Beate I. Escher, Jörg Ahlheim, Alexander Böhme, Dietrich Borchardt, Werner Brack, Georg Braun, John K. Colbourne, Janek Paul Dann, Joern Gessner, Annika Jahnke, Maria König, Nils Klüver, Martin Krauss, Jungeun Lee, Xiaojing Li, Stefan Lips, Luisa Orsini, Karsten Rinke, Mechthild Schmitt-Jansen, Stefan Scholz, Tobias Schulze, Stephanie Spahr, Nadin Ulrich, Markus Weitere, Elisabeth Varga","doi":"10.1038/s44221-024-00297-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-024-00297-4","url":null,"abstract":"Prymnesins produced by an algal bloom of Prymnesium parvum led to the death of several hundred tons of freshwater fish in the Oder River in summer 2022. We investigated effects on aquatic life and human cell lines from exposure to extracts of contaminated water collected during the fish kill. We detected B-type prymnesins and >120 organic micropollutants. The micropollutants occurred at concentrations that would cause the predicted mixture risk quotient for aquatic life to exceed the acceptable threshold. Extracts of water and filters (biomass and particulates) induced moderate effects in vivo in algae, daphnids and zebrafish embryos but caused high effects in a human neuronal cell line indicating the presence of neurotoxicants. Mixture toxicity modelling demonstrated that the in vitro neurotoxic effects were mainly caused by the detected B-type prymnesins with minor contributions by organic micropollutants. Complex interactions between natural and anthropogenic toxicants may underestimate threats to aquatic ecosystems. In summer 2022 an enormous fish kill was observed in the Oder River as a consequence of prymnesins produced by an algal bloom. An investigation of the exposure of aquatic life and human cells to the contaminated Oder water revealed the presence of neurotoxicants, which are attributed to B-type prymnesins, with minor contributions by organic micropollutants.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"2 9","pages":"889-898"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44221-024-00297-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Upwind moisture supply increases risk to water security 上风向水分供应增加了水安全风险

Nature water Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1038/s44221-024-00291-w

José Posada-Marín, Juan Salazar, Maria Cristina Rulli, Lan Wang-Erlandsson, Fernando Jaramillo

{"title":"Upwind moisture supply increases risk to water security","authors":"José Posada-Marín, Juan Salazar, Maria Cristina Rulli, Lan Wang-Erlandsson, Fernando Jaramillo","doi":"10.1038/s44221-024-00291-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-024-00291-w","url":null,"abstract":"Transboundary assessments of water security typically adopt an ‘upstream’ perspective, focusing on hazards and vulnerabilities occurring within a given hydrological basin. However, as the moisture that provides precipitation in the hydrological basin probably originates ‘upwind’, hazards and vulnerabilities potentially altering the moisture supply can be overlooked. Here we perform a global assessment of risk to water security in 379 hydrological basins accounting for upwind vulnerabilities and hazards from limited governance and environmental performance. We compare this upwind assessment with the more conventional approach focusing upstream. We find that accounting for upwind moisture supply increases the assessed risk to water security. The upwind perspective results in 32,900 km3 yr−1 of water requirements (that is, the specific water needs of vegetation for their development) under very high risk, compared with 20,500 km3 yr−1 under the upstream perspective. This study pinpoints the need to account for upwind moisture dependencies in global water-related risk assessments. A global assessment of water security in 379 hydrological basins reveals that accounting for upwind moisture supply increases the assessed risk to water security.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"2 9","pages":"875-888"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44221-024-00291-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hotspots of carbon release from rock weathering in the unsaturated zone 非饱和带岩石风化释放碳的热点地区

Nature water Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1038/s44221-024-00292-9

Robert G. Hilton

引用次数: 0

Hydrological control of rock carbon fluxes from shale weathering 页岩风化岩石碳通量的水文控制

Nature water Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1038/s44221-024-00293-8

Jiamin Wan, Tetsu K. Tokunaga, Curtis A. Beutler, Alexander W. Newman, Wenming Dong, Markus Bill, Wendy S. Brown, Amanda N. Henderson, Anh Phuong Tran, Kenneth H. Williams

{"title":"Hydrological control of rock carbon fluxes from shale weathering","authors":"Jiamin Wan, Tetsu K. Tokunaga, Curtis A. Beutler, Alexander W. Newman, Wenming Dong, Markus Bill, Wendy S. Brown, Amanda N. Henderson, Anh Phuong Tran, Kenneth H. Williams","doi":"10.1038/s44221-024-00293-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-024-00293-8","url":null,"abstract":"Shale bedrocks hold Earth’s largest carbon inventory. Although water is recognized for cycling elements through terrestrial environments, understanding how hydrology controls ancient rock carbon (Crock) release is limited. Here we measured depth- and season-dependent subsurface water fluxes and pore-water and pore-gas geochemistry (including radiocarbon) over five vastly different water years along a hillslope. The data reveal that the maximum depth of annual water table oscillations determines the weathering depth. Seasonally varying subsurface water fluxes determine the export forms and rates of weathered Crock. Eighty percent of released Crock is emitted as CO2 to the atmosphere primarily during warmer and lower water table seasons and 20% of released Crock as bicarbonate exports mostly during months of snowmelt to the hydrosphere. Thus, the rates and forms of Crock weathering and export are clearly controlled by climate via hydrologic regulation of oxygen availability and subsurface flow. The approaches developed here can be applied to other environments. This study shows that climate-driven hydrology primarily controls subsurface rock carbon weathering, with the groundwater table regulating the weathering depth and subsurface water fluxes determining the transported forms and rates of carbon released from rocks, based on measurements in the East River watershed, Rocky Mountains, United States.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"2 9","pages":"848-862"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44221-024-00293-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0