Nature water最新文献

{"title":"Quantifying the impact of extreme weather on China’s hydropower–wind–solar renewable energy system","authors":"Jianjian Shen, Yue Wang, Mengke Lin, Chuntian Cheng, Jan K. Kazak, Jian Wang, Xihai Guo, Xiufeng Li, Binbin Zhou, Linsong Ge","doi":"10.1038/s44221-025-00408-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-025-00408-9","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon reduction goals have driven China to become the world’s largest renewable energy system (RES) that is dominated by hydropower, wind power and solar power. However, the meteorological sensitivity of wind and solar power greatly affects the reliability and generating capability of the RES, particularly in extreme weather events. Quantifying the electricity supply and flexibility of hydropower is crucial for compensating extreme wind and solar power generation. Here we investigate the influence of extreme weather combinations and future climate on the generating capability of the national RES and quantify the flexibility demand and hydropower supply in typical extreme weathers. Our analysis reveals that the annual utilization hours of the hydropower–wind–solar system are projected to decline by nearly 12% from the current stage to 2060 under conditions of extreme drought, low wind and weak solar radiation. When encountered with extremely strong solar radiation and wind, the probability of flexibility shortages in hydropower is estimated to rise to 47% by 2030 and further increase to 60% by 2060. Nearly half of the provinces will require tens of millions of kilowatts of energy storage by 2030 to supplement the flexibility supply gap of hydropower, and by 2060, both the number of provinces that require such a large-scale energy storage and the storage capacity needs might double. Our findings provide early warnings in extreme electricity supply and underscore the growing necessity for building dispatchable power plants and exploring the flexibility of existing hydropower systems. Renewable energy sources have become the dominant power sources in China's electricity system. By investigating the influence of extreme weather combinations on the country's hydropower–wind–solar system, the authors project that there will be a decline of nearly 12% by 2060 in annual utilization hours under conditions of extreme drought, low wind and weak solar radiation.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"3 4","pages":"415-429"},"PeriodicalIF":24.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precise characterization of the presence and fate of plastic oligomers in water","authors":"Changzhi Shi, Ao Guo, Shaochen Pang, Jing Yang, Min Liu, Feng Zhao, Mengjing Wang, Xiaohan Dou, Qian Sui, Chaoran Xu, Fengbang Wang, Hongbo Fu, Xiqing Li, Zimeng Wang, Xiangcheng Pan, Maoyong Song, Jianmin Chen, Mingliang Fang","doi":"10.1038/s44221-025-00418-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-025-00418-7","url":null,"abstract":"Microplastics are synthetic polymers that contribute to water pollution. However, little is known about the presence and fate of microplastic breakdown products, especially oligomers, due to their structural diversity and lack of standards. Here we present Oligomer-Finder, a non-targeted platform that uses repeated neutral losses, retention time prediction and custom-built databases to screen and annotate oligomers. By incubating four commonly used bioplastics in three natural water types, we identified several hundred released oligomers, which entered water quickly but declined over time. Oligomers with shorter chains or modified end structures showed greater stability. Using Oligomer-Finder combined with a suspect screening approach, we detected dozens of oligomers from five polymers and hundreds of potentially new oligomers in wastewater samples from 13 treatment plants. Aquatic toxicity assessments revealed embryotoxicity in zebrafish, highlighting potential ecological risks. Oligomer-Finder, with its user-friendly interface, provides precise identification of oligomers and supports life-cycle risk assessments for plastics. Oligomers are among the various chemical contaminants that can derive from the breakdown of microplastics and that are challenging to detect. A purposely designed platform allows detection of a large number of oligomers, providing an important step towards their risk assessment.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"3 4","pages":"461-472"},"PeriodicalIF":24.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capturing, enriching and detecting nanoplastics in water based on optical manipulation, surface-enhanced Raman scattering and microfluidics","authors":"Xiaofeng Shi, Tianyu Mao, Xiangmin Huang, Hui Shi, Kaiyang Jiang, Ruyi Lan, Hang Zhao, Jun Ma, Jian Zhao, Baoshan Xing","doi":"10.1038/s44221-025-00417-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-025-00417-8","url":null,"abstract":"Aqueous concentrations of nanoplastics are critical for their risk assessment. Here we developed an optical manipulation and surface-enhanced Raman scattering set-up to capture, enrich and detect nanoplastics in aquatic environments. A small-sized (20 µm) gold nanoparticle stack was used to design a gold nanoparticle stack/polylactic acid optical tweezer, and individual nanoplastics were precisely manipulated. A large-sized (80 µm) gold nanoparticle stack enabled massive enrichment of nanoplastics, and high enrichment recoveries (for example, 89.3–94.3% for polystyrene) and low limits of detection (for example, 150 ng l−1 for polystyrene) of nanoplastics were achieved. Moreover, interference from natural organic matter was eliminated by adding a cleaning step before detection. The nanoplastics in natural waters (required volume, ≤7.2 ml) were thus successfully enriched and analysed, with determined concentrations of polystyrene nanoplastics of 6.5–8.5, 1.4–1.8 and 0.7–1.0 μg l−1 for water samples from a river, a mariculture farm and a beach, respectively. This newly developed optical manipulation–surface-enhanced Raman scattering approach is able to simultaneously enrich and detect nanoplastics in natural waters. The use of an optical manipulation set-up combined with the high sensitivity of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy allows the simultaneous enrichment and detection of nanoplastics. This technique has great potential for the analysis of trace amounts of nanoplastics in natural waters.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"3 4","pages":"449-460"},"PeriodicalIF":24.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate and landscape drive catchment hydrological processes at the global scale","authors":"Daniele Penna","doi":"10.1038/s44221-025-00411-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-025-00411-0","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding catchment hydrological functioning across the world is critical to providing theoretical support for large-domain model applications. A global assessment of catchment perceptual models reveals the role of climate, biomes, and landforms in controlling hydrological processes.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"3 4","pages":"372-373"},"PeriodicalIF":24.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global patterns in observed hydrologic processes","authors":"Hilary McMillan, Ryoko Araki, Lauren Bolotin, Dong-Hyun Kim, Gemma Coxon, Martyn Clark, Jan Seibert","doi":"10.1038/s44221-025-00407-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-025-00407-w","url":null,"abstract":"To manage water resources and forecast river flows, hydrologists seek to understand how water moves from precipitation, through watersheds, into river channels. However, we lack fundamental information on the spatial distribution and physical controls on global hydrologic processes. This information is needed to provide theoretical support for large-domain model simulations. Here, to address this issue, we present a global, searchable database of 400 research watersheds with published descriptions of dominant hydrologic flow pathways. This knowledge synthesis approach leverages decades of grant funding, fieldwork effort and local expertise. We use the database to test longstanding hypotheses about the roles of climate, biomes and landforms in controlling hydrologic processes. We show that aridity predicts the depth of water flow pathways and that terrain and biomes predict the prevalence of lateral flow pathways. These new data and search capabilities support efficient hypothesis testing to investigate emergent patterns that relate landscape organization to hydrologic function. This study presents a global, searchable database of 400 research watersheds with published descriptions of dominant hydrologic flow pathways, supporting efficient hypothesis testing to investigate emergent patterns that relate landscape organization to hydrologic function.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"3 4","pages":"497-506"},"PeriodicalIF":24.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s44221-025-00407-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineralization of captured perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid at zero net cost using flash Joule heating","authors":"Phelecia Scotland, Kevin M. Wyss, Yi Cheng, Lucas Eddy, Jacob L. Beckham, Justin Sharp, Youngkun Chung, Chi Hun Choi, Tengda Si, Bo Wang, Juan A. Donoso, Bing Deng, Yu-Yi Shen, Sarah Grace Zetterholm, Christopher Griggs, Yimo Han, Mason Tomson, Michael S. Wong, Boris I. Yakobson, Yufeng Zhao, James M. Tour","doi":"10.1038/s44221-025-00404-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-025-00404-z","url":null,"abstract":"Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS), including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), are persistent environmental contaminants that have infiltrated freshwater systems. Granular activated carbon (GAC) is widely used for PFAS removal but becomes secondary waste (PFAS-GAC). Current treatment methods are energy intensive and release hazardous fluorocarbons. This study demonstrates electrothermal mineralization of PFOA and PFOS-GAC via flash Joule heating, a scalable and efficient process. Heating PFAS-GAC with sodium or calcium salts converts PFAS into inert fluoride salts with >90% fluorine conversion and >99% PFOA and PFOS removal. Simultaneously, the spent carbon is upcycled into flash graphene, offsetting treatment costs by US$60–100 per kg. This solvent- and catalyst-free method substantially reduces energy use, greenhouse gas emissions and secondary waste. A techno-economic assessment highlights its scalability and environmental benefits, offering a rapid (~1 s), cost-effective solution for PFAS remediation and upcycling of waste carbon into high-value products. Activated carbon has been widely used for PFAS adsorption, but this method generates secondary solid wastes. The flash Joule heating approach realizes mineralization of PFAS and generation of useful flash graphene in waste granular activated carbon.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"3 4","pages":"486-496"},"PeriodicalIF":24.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equality matters","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s44221-025-00423-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-025-00423-w","url":null,"abstract":"In times of growing insecurity and pushbacks against gender equality, we honour International Women’s Day and the 30th anniversary of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"3 3","pages":"245-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44221-025-00423-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ecological benefits of more room for rivers","authors":"Christina L. McCabe, Christoph D. Matthaei, Jonathan D. Tonkin","doi":"10.1038/s44221-025-00403-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-025-00403-0","url":null,"abstract":"Floodplain river ecosystems have been extensively artificially constrained globally. As climate change heightens flood risks, the command-and-control approach to river flood management is beginning to make way for a paradigm shift towards ‘living with water’. The ecological co-benefits of this shift, where rivers are given the space they need to migrate on the landscape, have so far been undervalued. Here we synthesize the ecological benefits of allowing rivers more room to move. We emphasize how the physical and ecological processes of unconfined river channels interact to provide the foundations for ecosystem resilience through spatiotemporal variability in multiple dimensions, including hydrologic and meta-ecosystem connectivity. More informed and sustainable decision-making that involves trade-offs between river ecology and engineering will be aided by elucidating these connections. Giving rivers more room to move can represent a mutually beneficial solution for both the freshwater biodiversity crisis and flood hazard management as climate-driven extremes escalate. This Review synthesizes the ecological features and processes that arise when rivers are given room to move. Understanding these interactions will support more sustainable decisions that weigh river ecology against engineering in a rapidly changing world.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"3 3","pages":"260-270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The global economy runs on water, not capital","authors":"Musonda Mumba, Henk Ovink, Johan Rockström","doi":"10.1038/s44221-025-00426-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-025-00426-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"3 4","pages":"356-357"},"PeriodicalIF":24.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The overlooked role of terrestrial groundwater in coastal wetland resilience","authors":"Julia A. Guimond","doi":"10.1038/s44221-025-00406-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-025-00406-x","url":null,"abstract":"Changes to terrestrial groundwater should be considered in coastal wetland climate change vulnerability assessments and resilience planning due to their effects on ecosystem hydrology, biogeochemistry, and vertical land motion.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"3 4","pages":"364-366"},"PeriodicalIF":24.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}