Nature water最新文献

{"title":"Structure-dependent reductive defluorination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances by hydrated electrons","authors":"Zhanghao Chen, Cheng Gu","doi":"10.1038/s44221-025-00456-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-025-00456-1","url":null,"abstract":"The basic theoretical framework for the reductive defluorination of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances by hydrated electrons is obscure. Now, an electron-transfer-limiting mechanism based on the Marcus theory reveals the structure-dependent reactivity of these substances with hydrated electrons.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"3 6","pages":"638-639"},"PeriodicalIF":24.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling the structure-dependent defluorination mechanisms of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances by hydrated electrons in UV/sulfite","authors":"Shendong Tan, Runyun Wang, Kemeng Wang, Zilin Yang, Yinjuan Chen, Yanyan Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s44221-025-00449-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-025-00449-0","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrated electron ( $${mathrm{e}}_{{rm{aq}}}^{-}$$ )-based technologies are promising for resolving the global pollution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) by efficiently breaking C−F bonds. However, achieving complete defluorination has been challenging, and the fundamental mechanisms behind the stalled efficacy and varied reactivity remain obscure. Here we propose an electron transfer (ET)-limiting mechanism for PFAS degradation by $${mathrm{e}}_{{rm{aq}}}^{-}$$ through experimental and theoretical evaluations of 41 structures in UV/sulfite. The degradation rate constants spanned four orders of magnitude, with 34 PFAS achieving ~100% defluorination. We found that the defluorination occurs in a stepwise manner, with ET from $${mathrm{e}}_{{rm{aq}}}^{-}$$ to PFAS being rate limiting rather than subsequent C−F bond cleavage. This ET-limiting mechanism was verified by the effectiveness of the free energy of activation (2.33–27.4 kcal mol−1) calculated on the basis of the Marcus theory to predict the distinct reactivity of PFAS. Combined with spin-density analysis, this mechanism reveals that C=C, C−Cl, CF2COO− and (CF2)n≥6 promote the complete defluorination by favouring ET, whereas ET-disfavouring moieties, C−H, −O−, (CH2)n, SO3− and (CF2)n≤3, hinder the defluorination to varying extents. In particular, most PFAS were found to undergo initial attack of $${mathrm{e}}_{{rm{aq}}}^{-}$$ either at α-CF2 of CF2COO− or in the middle of (CF2)n≥6, resulting in two defluorination patterns with extensive or absent intermediates, respectively. The ET-limiting mechanism captures these different pathways that align with experimental results by governing the reactivity of potential intermediates. Our theoretical framework explains the $${mathrm{e}}_{{rm{aq}}}^{-}$$ -induced defluorination process and provides insights into designing rapid degradable substitutes to tackle the PFAS crisis. Complete defluorination of diverse per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances can be achieved in the UV/sulfite system. Further experimental and theoretical evaluation demonstrates that the rate-limiting step is electron transfer from hydrated electrons, rather than the subsequent C−F bond cleavage.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"3 6","pages":"734-745"},"PeriodicalIF":24.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate science and the case of the missing moisture","authors":"Erica Gies","doi":"10.1038/s44221-025-00455-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-025-00455-2","url":null,"abstract":"Expected air moisture is missing over drier areas worldwide, possibly because climate models undervalue the effects of plants and other life. This finding could be a fingerprint of human-caused land degradation, which would underscore calls to solve climate, biodiversity and water availability together.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"3 6","pages":"634-637"},"PeriodicalIF":24.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing sustainable water use across the agricultural life cycle in the USA","authors":"Huma Tariq Malik, Yael Zvulunov, Eva Kinnebrew, Timothy K. Gates, Steven R. Evett, Jacob P. VanderRoest, Adi Radian, Jialin Chi, Gopinathan R. Abhijith, Nathan D. Mueller, Avi Ostfeld, Liping Fang, Thomas Borch","doi":"10.1038/s44221-025-00450-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-025-00450-7","url":null,"abstract":"Water scarcity presents an ever-growing challenge in global agriculture, with major implications for food security. In the USA, the scale and complexity of the agricultural system magnify these challenges, calling for an integrated and adaptive approach to water management. Hence, we reviewed six key strategies aimed at sustainable agricultural water management — crop distribution optimization, soil management, modern irrigation technologies, water treatment and reuse, reduction of water demand in animal agriculture, and minimizing food loss and waste — identified based on their prominence in recent literature and potential to address water scarcity. In examining these strategies through a multidimensional lens, several challenges have emerged, including gaps in the current structure of incentives, psychological barriers, lack of awareness, reluctance to alter existing farming practices and consumption habits, and insufficient data on the effectiveness of certain water conservation measures. By offering actionable insights into potential areas of improvement, this Review aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on agricultural sustainability amid changing climate dynamics. A multifaceted approach integrating strategies across food production and consumption is required to advance sustainable water management in agriculture.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"3 6","pages":"655-667"},"PeriodicalIF":24.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sanitation-related withholding and suppression among women in urban Uganda and India","authors":"Elaina Sinclair, Anke Hüls, Madeleine Patrick, Srishty Arun, Vinod Ramanarayanan, Sheela S. Sinharoy, Bethany A. Caruso","doi":"10.1038/s44221-025-00452-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-025-00452-5","url":null,"abstract":"Despite sanitation facility availability, perceived privacy, safety and security, and health status and risks may prevent toilet use, particularly for women. Women may withhold food and water (withholding) or suppress urination and defecation urges (suppression) to cope, though evidence on the prevalence and drivers of these behaviours is limited. This secondary analysis of data generated as part of the Measuring Urban Sanitation and Empowerment project (n = 2,173) assesses the prevalence of withholding and suppression among urban women in Kampala, Uganda and Tiruchirappalli, India, and associations with perceived sanitation-related privacy, safety and security, and health status and risks (withholding analytic sample, 1,308; suppression analytic sample, 862). Witholding was reported by 38% (265/697) of women in Kampala and 16% (100/611) in Tiruchirappalli; more than 93% of women in both populations (Kampala, 415/440; Tiruchirappalli, 336/350) reported suppression. Privacy, safety and security, and health scores were all significantly associated with the odds of withholding in both cities. Fewer significant results were found from linear regression analyses assessing privacy, safety and health scores and suppression, suggesting other, unaccounted-for influences. The results suggest that sanitation-related privacy, safety and health conditions should be addressed programmatically to improve women’s sanitation-related circumstances and behaviours. As a result of unsupportive sanitation environments, women may cope by suppressing urges to urinate and defecate or by not eating food and/or drinking water. Among urban women in Uganda and India, nearly all women surveyed reported suppressing urination and defecation urges. Withholding food and water was less common. Perceived privacy, safety and health influenced these coping behaviours.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"3 7","pages":"782-792"},"PeriodicalIF":24.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12279531/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wastewater surveillance unveils the impact of mass gatherings on antimicrobial resistance after the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Changzhi Wang, Yevhen Myshkevych, Tiannyu Wang, Mohammad Khalil Monjed, Pei-Ying Hong","doi":"10.1038/s44221-025-00446-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-025-00446-3","url":null,"abstract":"Mass gatherings (MGs), such as Hajj and Umrah, gather vast and diverse populations and potentially contribute to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the host country. However, assessing this impact is challenging due to the lack of a suitable baseline. During the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions and lifting, 185 sewage samples were collected from four wastewater treatment plants affected by MG and a control wastewater treatment plant, covering 3 Hajj seasons and 2 Ramadan periods. Here we show that despite no overall increase in total antibiotic resistance gene level, metagenomic analysis revealed that MGs introduced antibiotic resistance genes, including blaPER, into the local sewage. This gene was also found in a genomic island facilitated by the IS26 array, which was identified in viable opportunistic pathogens, including Shewanella putrefaciens, Shewanella xiamenesis and Aeromonas media, indicating emerging AMR threats to the local environment. These insights are crucial for informing public health strategies and interventions, ensuring better preparedness and response to AMR dissemination during MGs. Mass gatherings can impact the antimicrobial resistance in the environment. Surveillance of wastewater in areas of Saudi Arabia affected by mass gatherings after the lifting of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions shows the introduction of new antibiotic resistance genes into local sewage.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"3 6","pages":"693-703"},"PeriodicalIF":24.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s44221-025-00446-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A metre-scale vertical origami hydrogel panel for atmospheric water harvesting in Death Valley","authors":"Chang Liu, Xiao-Yun Yan, Shucong Li, Hongshi Zhang, Bolei Deng, Nicholas X. Fang, Youssef Habibi, Shih-Chi Chen, Xuanhe Zhao","doi":"10.1038/s44221-025-00447-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-025-00447-2","url":null,"abstract":"Water scarcity impacts over 2.2 billion people globally, especially in underdeveloped, landlocked or off-grid regions. Passive sorbent-based atmospheric water harvesting offers a promising solution by converting ubiquitous atmospheric moisture into liquid water. However, current approaches are limited by low water production (a few millilitres a day), the release of unsafe lithium ions and poor efficiency in conditions of low relative humidity. Here we report an atmospheric water harvesting window (AWHW) featuring a vertical origami hydrogel panel and a window-like solar still. This passive, metre-scale device was tested in Death Valley, producing 57.0–161.5 ml of water a day across a relative humidity range of 21–88%. The device has a lifespan of at least 1 year and delivers safe water with lithium ion concentrations below 0.06 ppm. Our AWHW sets a benchmark in daily water production and climate adaptability, representing an advance towards practical, scalable, safe and sustainable decentralized water solutions for the most water-stressed regions. Water scarcity is a global issue that demands urgent resolution, but current approaches are inadequate. Now a metre-scale atmospheric water harvester, featuring a hygroscopic origami hydrogel panel and a window-like glass chamber, demonstrates exceptional efficiency in extracting water from air, even in extremely arid conditions.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"3 6","pages":"714-722"},"PeriodicalIF":24.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance and mass gathering","authors":"Zhi Zhou","doi":"10.1038/s44221-025-00454-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-025-00454-3","url":null,"abstract":"Mass gatherings can lead to the emergence of antibiotic resistance gene types that are otherwise absent from local systems.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"3 6","pages":"642-643"},"PeriodicalIF":24.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capturing water from air in an economical and stable way","authors":"Jiabin Liu, Shaoting Lin","doi":"10.1038/s44221-025-00453-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-025-00453-4","url":null,"abstract":"An atmospheric water harvesting device comprising a super-stable hygroscopic hydrogel origami panel and a window-like glass chamber operates efficiently at a wide range of relative humidities, providing an economic and safe water solution for decentralized regions.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"3 6","pages":"640-641"},"PeriodicalIF":24.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Augmentation of wastewater-based epidemiology with machine learning to support global health surveillance","authors":"Eva Aßmann, Timo Greiner, Hugues Richard, Matthew Wade, Shelesh Agrawal, Fabian Amman, Sindy Böttcher, Susanne Lackner, Markus Landthaler, Serghei Mangul, Viorel Munteanu, Fotis Psomopoulos, Maureen Smith, Maria Trofimova, Alexander Ullrich, Max von Kleist, Emanuel Wyler, Martin Hölzer, Christopher Irrgang","doi":"10.1038/s44221-025-00444-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-025-00444-5","url":null,"abstract":"Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has proven to be a valuable tool for monitoring the evolution and spread of global health threats, from pathogens to antimicrobial resistances. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple wastewater surveillance programmes have advanced statistical and machine learning methods for detecting pathogens from wastewater sequencing data and correlating measured targets with the represented population to infer meaningful conclusions for public health. Integrating contextual data can account for measurement uncertainties across the WBE workflow that affect the reliability of analyses. However, the broader availability and harmonization of data are major obstacles to method development. Here we review the benefits and limitations of wastewater-related data streams, highlighting the potential of machine learning to leverage these streams for normalization and other WBE applications. We emphasize the relevance of developing global frameworks for integrating WBE with other health surveillance systems and discuss next steps to address current and foreseeable challenges for robust and interpretable machine learning-enhanced WBE. Wastewater-based epidemiology has already proven to be a powerful tool to monitor the spread of a number of diseases. This Perspective discusses the integration with machine learning, highlighting its potential in a number of wastewater-based epidemiology applications.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"3 7","pages":"753-763"},"PeriodicalIF":24.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}