Nature water最新文献_第5页

Systematic re-review of WASH trials to assess women’s engagement in intervention delivery and research activities 重新系统审查讲卫生运动试验，评估妇女参与干预措施实施和研究活动的情况

Nature water Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1038/s44221-024-00299-2

Bethany A. Caruso, April M. Ballard, Julia Sobolik, Madeleine Patrick, Janice Dsouza, Sheela S. Sinharoy, Oliver Cumming, Jennyfer Wolf, Isha Ray

{"title":"Systematic re-review of WASH trials to assess women’s engagement in intervention delivery and research activities","authors":"Bethany A. Caruso, April M. Ballard, Julia Sobolik, Madeleine Patrick, Janice Dsouza, Sheela S. Sinharoy, Oliver Cumming, Jennyfer Wolf, Isha Ray","doi":"10.1038/s44221-024-00299-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-024-00299-2","url":null,"abstract":"Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions significantly reduce health risks in low- and middle-income countries. Many rely on women, but the extent of women’s engagement remains undocumented. Here we conducted a re-review of papers from two systematic reviews that assessed the effectiveness of water, sanitation and/or handwashing with soap interventions on diarrhoeal disease and acute respiratory infections to assess women’s roles in WASH research and intervention activities. A total of 133 studies were included. Among studies that specified gender, women were the most sought-after group for engagement in research (n = 91/132; 68.9%) and intervention (n = 49/120; 40.8%) activities. Reporting time burden for research (n = 1; 1%) and intervention activities (n = 3; 2.5%) was rare. All interventions were classified as gender unequal (36.7%) or gender unaware (63.3%) according to the World Health Organization Gender Responsiveness Assessment Scale, indicating exploitative engagement. Women play a critical but instrumentalized role in WASH, and both research and interventions need to change to enable, and not hinder, gender equality. This systematic re-review of water, sanitation and hygiene trials found that women play a critical but instrumentalized role in research and intervention activities. Research and interventions need to change to enable, and not hinder, gender equality.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"2 9","pages":"827-836"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44221-024-00299-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deconvoluting the impacts of harmful algal blooms in multi-stressed systems 多压力系统中有害藻华影响的解卷

Nature water Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1038/s44221-024-00304-8

Bryan W. Brooks

引用次数: 0

Mixtures of organic micropollutants exacerbated in vitro neurotoxicity of prymnesins and contributed to aquatic toxicity during a toxic algal bloom 有机微污染物混合物加剧了胰蛋白酶的体外神经毒性，并在有毒藻类大量繁殖期间加剧了水生毒性

Nature water Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1038/s44221-024-00297-4

Beate I. Escher, Jörg Ahlheim, Alexander Böhme, Dietrich Borchardt, Werner Brack, Georg Braun, John K. Colbourne, Janek Paul Dann, Joern Gessner, Annika Jahnke, Maria König, Nils Klüver, Martin Krauss, Jungeun Lee, Xiaojing Li, Stefan Lips, Luisa Orsini, Karsten Rinke, Mechthild Schmitt-Jansen, Stefan Scholz, Tobias Schulze, Stephanie Spahr, Nadin Ulrich, Markus Weitere, Elisabeth Varga

{"title":"Mixtures of organic micropollutants exacerbated in vitro neurotoxicity of prymnesins and contributed to aquatic toxicity during a toxic algal bloom","authors":"Beate I. Escher, Jörg Ahlheim, Alexander Böhme, Dietrich Borchardt, Werner Brack, Georg Braun, John K. Colbourne, Janek Paul Dann, Joern Gessner, Annika Jahnke, Maria König, Nils Klüver, Martin Krauss, Jungeun Lee, Xiaojing Li, Stefan Lips, Luisa Orsini, Karsten Rinke, Mechthild Schmitt-Jansen, Stefan Scholz, Tobias Schulze, Stephanie Spahr, Nadin Ulrich, Markus Weitere, Elisabeth Varga","doi":"10.1038/s44221-024-00297-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-024-00297-4","url":null,"abstract":"Prymnesins produced by an algal bloom of Prymnesium parvum led to the death of several hundred tons of freshwater fish in the Oder River in summer 2022. We investigated effects on aquatic life and human cell lines from exposure to extracts of contaminated water collected during the fish kill. We detected B-type prymnesins and >120 organic micropollutants. The micropollutants occurred at concentrations that would cause the predicted mixture risk quotient for aquatic life to exceed the acceptable threshold. Extracts of water and filters (biomass and particulates) induced moderate effects in vivo in algae, daphnids and zebrafish embryos but caused high effects in a human neuronal cell line indicating the presence of neurotoxicants. Mixture toxicity modelling demonstrated that the in vitro neurotoxic effects were mainly caused by the detected B-type prymnesins with minor contributions by organic micropollutants. Complex interactions between natural and anthropogenic toxicants may underestimate threats to aquatic ecosystems. In summer 2022 an enormous fish kill was observed in the Oder River as a consequence of prymnesins produced by an algal bloom. An investigation of the exposure of aquatic life and human cells to the contaminated Oder water revealed the presence of neurotoxicants, which are attributed to B-type prymnesins, with minor contributions by organic micropollutants.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"2 9","pages":"889-898"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44221-024-00297-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Upwind moisture supply increases risk to water security 上风向水分供应增加了水安全风险

Nature water Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1038/s44221-024-00291-w

José Posada-Marín, Juan Salazar, Maria Cristina Rulli, Lan Wang-Erlandsson, Fernando Jaramillo

{"title":"Upwind moisture supply increases risk to water security","authors":"José Posada-Marín, Juan Salazar, Maria Cristina Rulli, Lan Wang-Erlandsson, Fernando Jaramillo","doi":"10.1038/s44221-024-00291-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-024-00291-w","url":null,"abstract":"Transboundary assessments of water security typically adopt an ‘upstream’ perspective, focusing on hazards and vulnerabilities occurring within a given hydrological basin. However, as the moisture that provides precipitation in the hydrological basin probably originates ‘upwind’, hazards and vulnerabilities potentially altering the moisture supply can be overlooked. Here we perform a global assessment of risk to water security in 379 hydrological basins accounting for upwind vulnerabilities and hazards from limited governance and environmental performance. We compare this upwind assessment with the more conventional approach focusing upstream. We find that accounting for upwind moisture supply increases the assessed risk to water security. The upwind perspective results in 32,900 km3 yr−1 of water requirements (that is, the specific water needs of vegetation for their development) under very high risk, compared with 20,500 km3 yr−1 under the upstream perspective. This study pinpoints the need to account for upwind moisture dependencies in global water-related risk assessments. A global assessment of water security in 379 hydrological basins reveals that accounting for upwind moisture supply increases the assessed risk to water security.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"2 9","pages":"875-888"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44221-024-00291-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hotspots of carbon release from rock weathering in the unsaturated zone 非饱和带岩石风化释放碳的热点地区

Nature water Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1038/s44221-024-00292-9

Robert G. Hilton

引用次数: 0

Hydrological control of rock carbon fluxes from shale weathering 页岩风化岩石碳通量的水文控制

Nature water Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1038/s44221-024-00293-8

Jiamin Wan, Tetsu K. Tokunaga, Curtis A. Beutler, Alexander W. Newman, Wenming Dong, Markus Bill, Wendy S. Brown, Amanda N. Henderson, Anh Phuong Tran, Kenneth H. Williams

{"title":"Hydrological control of rock carbon fluxes from shale weathering","authors":"Jiamin Wan, Tetsu K. Tokunaga, Curtis A. Beutler, Alexander W. Newman, Wenming Dong, Markus Bill, Wendy S. Brown, Amanda N. Henderson, Anh Phuong Tran, Kenneth H. Williams","doi":"10.1038/s44221-024-00293-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-024-00293-8","url":null,"abstract":"Shale bedrocks hold Earth’s largest carbon inventory. Although water is recognized for cycling elements through terrestrial environments, understanding how hydrology controls ancient rock carbon (Crock) release is limited. Here we measured depth- and season-dependent subsurface water fluxes and pore-water and pore-gas geochemistry (including radiocarbon) over five vastly different water years along a hillslope. The data reveal that the maximum depth of annual water table oscillations determines the weathering depth. Seasonally varying subsurface water fluxes determine the export forms and rates of weathered Crock. Eighty percent of released Crock is emitted as CO2 to the atmosphere primarily during warmer and lower water table seasons and 20% of released Crock as bicarbonate exports mostly during months of snowmelt to the hydrosphere. Thus, the rates and forms of Crock weathering and export are clearly controlled by climate via hydrologic regulation of oxygen availability and subsurface flow. The approaches developed here can be applied to other environments. This study shows that climate-driven hydrology primarily controls subsurface rock carbon weathering, with the groundwater table regulating the weathering depth and subsurface water fluxes determining the transported forms and rates of carbon released from rocks, based on measurements in the East River watershed, Rocky Mountains, United States.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"2 9","pages":"848-862"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44221-024-00293-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The prize of water 水奖

Nature water Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1038/s44221-024-00302-w

引用次数: 0

Spatiotemporal inequality in land water availability amplified by global tree restoration 全球植树造林加剧了陆地供水的时空不平等

Nature water Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1038/s44221-024-00296-5

Beilei Zan, Jun Ge, Mengyuan Mu, Qiaohong Sun, Xing Luo, Jiangfeng Wei

{"title":"Spatiotemporal inequality in land water availability amplified by global tree restoration","authors":"Beilei Zan, Jun Ge, Mengyuan Mu, Qiaohong Sun, Xing Luo, Jiangfeng Wei","doi":"10.1038/s44221-024-00296-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-024-00296-5","url":null,"abstract":"Afforestation can influence evapotranspiration (E) and precipitation (P), thereby altering water availability (known as P − E) on land. However, such effects on P − E have rarely been examined in the context of seasonal and spatial variations in background P − E conditions. Here we show the impacts of global tree restoration on P − E under spatiotemporally varying P − E conditions. Afforestation amplifies seasonal contrasts in P − E, resulting in higher P − E in the high P − E season and/or lower P − E in the low P − E season, over approximately two-thirds of the land area. Afforestation also amplifies spatial contrasts in P − E, leading to higher P − E in the high P − E regions but lower P − E in the low P − E regions. This study underscores the importance of considering background P − E conditions when evaluating the hydrological effects of afforestation, with important implications for both forestry and water management. This study investigates the potential impacts of afforestation on land precipitation (P), evapotranspiration (E) and water availability (P − E) at global and country scales, finding that afforestation amplifies seasonal and spatial contrasts in P − E.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"2 9","pages":"863-874"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Engineered DNA scavenger for mitigating antibiotic resistance proliferation in wastewater treatment 用于缓解废水处理中抗生素耐药性扩散的工程 DNA 清除剂

Nature water Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1038/s44221-024-00289-4

Yang Li, Syed A. Hashsham, Fei-Fei Chen, Hong Sun, Qiang Tang, Han-Qing Yu, James M. Tiedje

{"title":"Engineered DNA scavenger for mitigating antibiotic resistance proliferation in wastewater treatment","authors":"Yang Li, Syed A. Hashsham, Fei-Fei Chen, Hong Sun, Qiang Tang, Han-Qing Yu, James M. Tiedje","doi":"10.1038/s44221-024-00289-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-024-00289-4","url":null,"abstract":"The rising challenge of antibiotic resistance, accelerated by mobile genetic elements carrying antibiotic resistance genes, necessitates effective and environmentally friendly control strategies. Here we present an approach employing Shewanella oneidensis, transformed into an efficient whole-cell DNA scavenger by expressing a highly active nuclease. This approach aimed at enzymatically eliminating cell-free mobile genetic elements in wastewater treatment plants. The DNA scavenger demonstrated high efficiency and ultrafast degradation with a model multiple antibiotic resistance plasmid. Experiments across various dosages and hydraulic retention times showed substantial antibiotic resistance gene reduction, even at minimal dosages. Effectiveness was confirmed in practical scenarios involving return activated sludge and secondary clarifier effluent, where a low dose of 0.08 U ml−1 achieved over 99.92% removal in 4 h and almost complete inactivation in 6 h. Simulations showed consistent, high efficiency across various wastewater treatment plant reactors. These findings establish enzymatic scavenging as a new strategy for managing the antibiotic resistance spread. The development of antibiotic resistance in wastewater is accelerated by the wide presence of mobile genetic elements. An engineered DNA scavenger based on Shewanella oneidensis is shown to be an efficient tool for eliminating mobile genetic elements in wastewater treatment plants, thus decreasing the rise and dissemination of antibiotic resistance.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"2 8","pages":"758-769"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142021824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Destruction of mobile genetic elements 破坏流动遗传因子

Nature water Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1038/s44221-024-00288-5

Benno H. ter Kuile

引用次数: 0