Med-XPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1007/s44258-025-00052-8
Samannoy Ghosh, Rajan Neupane, Dwipak Prasad Sahu, Jian Teng, Yong Lin Kong
{"title":"The continuous actuation of liquid metal with a 3D-printed electrowetting device.","authors":"Samannoy Ghosh, Rajan Neupane, Dwipak Prasad Sahu, Jian Teng, Yong Lin Kong","doi":"10.1007/s44258-025-00052-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44258-025-00052-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ability of liquid metals (LMs) to recover from repeated stretching and deformation is a particularly attractive attribute for soft bioelectronics. In addition to their high electrical and thermal conductivity, LMs can be actuated, potentially enabling highly durable electro-mechanical and microfluidics systems for applications such as cooling, drug delivery, or reconfigurable electronics. In particular, continuous electrowetting (CEW) phenomena can actuate liquid metal at relatively low voltage and affordable power requirements for wearable systems (~ < 10 V, ~ 10 - 100 µW) by inducing a surface tension gradient across the LM. However, sustaining LM actuation remains challenging due to factors such as electrolyte depletion, polarity changes in multi-electrode systems, and limitations related to LM composition. Here, we demonstrate LM actuation in a circular conduit for prolonged durations of at least nine hours. We enabled sustained actuation by sequentially applying short, direct current (DC) pulses through a multi-electrode system based on the dynamics of LM actuation. As a proof of concept, we also demonstrated the ability of LM to transport electrically conducting, non-conducting, and magnetic materials within a microchannel and show the liquid metal actuation system can be potentially miniaturized to the size of a wearable device. We envision that with further miniaturization of the device architectures, our CEW platform can enable future integration of low-voltage electro-mechanical systems into a broad range of wearable form factors.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong></p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44258-025-00052-8.</p>","PeriodicalId":74169,"journal":{"name":"Med-X","volume":"3 1","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11958460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143774938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Med-XPub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.1007/s44258-024-00025-3
Allan Sun, Arian Nasser, Chaohao Chen, Y. Zhao, Haimei Zhao, Zihao Wang, Wenlong Cheng, Pierre Qian, L. Ju
{"title":"Strategic reuse of rapid antigen tests for coagulation status assessment: an integrated machine learning approach","authors":"Allan Sun, Arian Nasser, Chaohao Chen, Y. Zhao, Haimei Zhao, Zihao Wang, Wenlong Cheng, Pierre Qian, L. Ju","doi":"10.1007/s44258-024-00025-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44258-024-00025-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74169,"journal":{"name":"Med-X","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141827717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Med-XPub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.1007/s44258-024-00022-6
David T. She, M. Nai, C. T. Lim
{"title":"Atomic force microscopy in the characterization and clinical evaluation of neurological disorders: current and emerging technologies","authors":"David T. She, M. Nai, C. T. Lim","doi":"10.1007/s44258-024-00022-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44258-024-00022-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74169,"journal":{"name":"Med-X","volume":"113 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141272197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Med-XPub Date : 2024-05-21DOI: 10.1007/s44258-024-00020-8
Han-Sem Kim, Tanza Baby, Jung-Hwan Lee, U. Shin, Hae-Won Kim
{"title":"Biomaterials-enabled electrical stimulation for tissue healing and regeneration","authors":"Han-Sem Kim, Tanza Baby, Jung-Hwan Lee, U. Shin, Hae-Won Kim","doi":"10.1007/s44258-024-00020-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44258-024-00020-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74169,"journal":{"name":"Med-X","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141114692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Med-XPub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.1007/s44258-024-00021-7
Yu Yong, Yicong Cai, Jiawei Lin, Lin Ma, HongBin Han, Fenfang Li
{"title":"Advancement in modulation of brain extracellular space and unlocking its potential for intervention of neurological diseases","authors":"Yu Yong, Yicong Cai, Jiawei Lin, Lin Ma, HongBin Han, Fenfang Li","doi":"10.1007/s44258-024-00021-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44258-024-00021-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74169,"journal":{"name":"Med-X","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141014715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Med-XPub Date : 2024-03-18DOI: 10.1007/s44258-024-00017-3
Shuai Shao, Sha Deng, Na Li, Zheng-Zhu Zhang, Hangyu Zhang, Bo Liu
{"title":"Mapping the distribution of tension across paxillin upon shear stress with FRET-based biosensor","authors":"Shuai Shao, Sha Deng, Na Li, Zheng-Zhu Zhang, Hangyu Zhang, Bo Liu","doi":"10.1007/s44258-024-00017-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44258-024-00017-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74169,"journal":{"name":"Med-X","volume":"297 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140233205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Med-XPub Date : 2024-01-29DOI: 10.1007/s44258-024-00015-5
Keziah Jacob Souza, Deepak K. Agrawal
{"title":"Employing toehold-mediated DNA strand displacement reactions for biomedical applications","authors":"Keziah Jacob Souza, Deepak K. Agrawal","doi":"10.1007/s44258-024-00015-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44258-024-00015-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74169,"journal":{"name":"Med-X","volume":"63 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140486913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Med-XPub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-07-03DOI: 10.1007/s44258-024-00024-4
Cih Cheng, Eric J Williamson, George T-C Chiu, Bumsoo Han
{"title":"Engineering biomaterials by inkjet printing of hydrogels with functional particulates.","authors":"Cih Cheng, Eric J Williamson, George T-C Chiu, Bumsoo Han","doi":"10.1007/s44258-024-00024-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44258-024-00024-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrogels with particulates, including proteins, drugs, nanoparticles, and cells, enable the development of new and innovative biomaterials. Precise control of the spatial distribution of these particulates is crucial to produce advanced biomaterials. Thus, there is a high demand for manufacturing methods for particle-laden hydrogels. In this context, 3D printing of hydrogels is emerging as a promising method to create numerous innovative biomaterials. Among the 3D printing methods, inkjet printing, so-called drop-on-demand (DOD) printing, stands out for its ability to construct biomaterials with superior spatial resolutions. However, its printing processes are still designed by trial and error due to a limited understanding of the ink behavior during the printing processes. This review discusses the current understanding of transport processes and hydrogel behaviors during inkjet printing for particulate-laden hydrogels. Specifically, we review the transport processes of water and particulates within hydrogel during ink formulation, jetting, and curing. Additionally, we examine current inkjet printing applications in fabricating engineered tissues, drug delivery devices, and advanced bioelectronics components. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for next-generation inkjet printing are also discussed.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":74169,"journal":{"name":"Med-X","volume":"2 1","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11222244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141556455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}