Medical review (Berlin, Germany)最新文献_第4页

Modes of the initiation of T cell-mediated immune responses. T细胞介导的免疫应答的启动模式。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2026-01-20 eCollection Date: 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2025-0066

Long Li, Zhi Yao

{"title":"Modes of the initiation of T cell-mediated immune responses.","authors":"Long Li, Zhi Yao","doi":"10.1515/mr-2025-0066","DOIUrl":"10.1515/mr-2025-0066","url":null,"abstract":"T cell-mediated immune response is the center of adaptive immunity. Despite more than five decades of research, the knowledge of mechanisms drives the initiation of T cell-mediated immune response is still limited due to the complexity of T cell-mediated immunity. Based on the accumulating evidences of Th1-mediated immune response, a \"priming-activation\" model was proposed to describe the initiation of the immune response. In this model, naïve CD4 T cells undergo a priming phase in the draining lymph nodes (dLNs) to polarize to Th1 fate by signals from dendritic cells (DCs). The primed Th1 cells then migrate to the antigen-affected loci and encounter antigen presenting cells (APCs) again. With signals from these cells, the primed Th1 cells differentiate to activated effector cells to coordinate Th1-centered immunity, which is the activation phase of Th1-mediated immune response. Recently, a model for the initiation of Th2-mediated immunity has been proposed, which highly resembles the priming-activation model for Th1 cells. We summarize the advances of Th17-mediated immunity and our understanding of it, and propose a two-step model for the initiation of Th17-mediated autoimmune immunity. Our model is similar to the priming-activation model of Th1 cells, as well. Although there are major knowledge gaps on molecular and cellular mechanisms in our model to be addressed, we hope that this model, with the associated gaps being addressed, will provide framework for research on the initiation of Th17-mediated immune responses and eventually enhances our understanding of how T cell-mediated immunity initiates.","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"6 1","pages":"83-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12955352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147356716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Obesity: current developments in mechanisms, diagnosis, classification and the evolution of personalized management. 肥胖：机制、诊断、分类和个性化管理的最新进展。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2026-01-09 eCollection Date: 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2025-0048

Ling Shi, Dongze Li, Yue Li

引用次数: 0

Gastrointestinal complications in intensive care. 重症监护中的胃肠道并发症。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2025-12-19 eCollection Date: 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2025-0039

Liping Liu, Jiali Duan, Wangping He, Christian Waydhas

{"title":"Gastrointestinal complications in intensive care.","authors":"Liping Liu, Jiali Duan, Wangping He, Christian Waydhas","doi":"10.1515/mr-2025-0039","DOIUrl":"10.1515/mr-2025-0039","url":null,"abstract":"Gastrointestinal (GI) complications are prevalent and severe clinical challenges encountered in critically ill patients. They are closely linked to disease progression, increased morbidity and mortality, and escalating healthcare expenses. This comprehensive review summarizes the epidemiology of GI complications in critically ill patients, elucidating the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms including hemodynamic alterations, inflammatory cascades, neuro-endocrine dysregulation, and gut microbiota imbalance. It confers distinctive clinical manifestations and effective diagnostic approaches. Therapeutic strategies, encompassing nutritional support, pharmacological management, and surgical or interventional procedures will be discussed. The review also briefly introduces the concept of the \"gut-organ axis,\" emphasizing how intestinal barrier disruption and dysbiosis can disseminate inflammatory and metabolic signals to distant organs such as the lungs, liver, kidneys, and brain, thereby underscoring the need for clinicians to recognize systemic effects. In essence, prompt identification and multimodal intervention are pivotal for optimizing outcomes in critically ill patients; judiciously addressing GI complications in clinical decision-making can mitigate morbidity and enhance both short-term and long-term prognosis.","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"5 6","pages":"452-476"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12752737/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145879607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ribozyme biotechnology: emerging opportunities for medical applications in the RNA therapeutics era. 核酶生物技术：RNA治疗时代医学应用的新机遇。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2025-12-16 eCollection Date: 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2025-0062

Jingjing Zhang, Zhiqin Xi, Ming Zhao, Jie Bai, Zhenzhen Li, Xuelin Zhan, Ying Zhang, Yijin Liu

{"title":"Ribozyme biotechnology: emerging opportunities for medical applications in the RNA therapeutics era.","authors":"Jingjing Zhang, Zhiqin Xi, Ming Zhao, Jie Bai, Zhenzhen Li, Xuelin Zhan, Ying Zhang, Yijin Liu","doi":"10.1515/mr-2025-0062","DOIUrl":"10.1515/mr-2025-0062","url":null,"abstract":"RNA-based medicines have transformed modern therapeutics, exemplified by the clinical success of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), and mRNA vaccines. Small self-cleaving ribozymes - compact catalytic RNA species capable of programmable cleavage and ligation - were among the earliest RNA drugs explored, yet their progress was initially hindered by instability, nuclease degradation, inefficient intracellular delivery, and immune activation. In this Perspective, we discuss how recent technological convergence has revived their potential. Comparative genomics has uncovered new catalytic classes, including Twister, Pistol, Hatchet, and Hovlinc ribozymes, thereby expanding the catalytic repertoire. High-resolution structural and computational studies have elucidated their reaction architectures, while chemical modifications and advanced nanocarrier systems - such as DNA nanostructures, spherical nucleic acids, and lipid nanoparticles - have markedly improved molecular stability and delivery efficiency. Emerging applications, from ligand-responsive aptazymes and ribozyme-SNA conjugates to the StitchR RNA trans-ligation platform, further illustrate the expanding biomedical versatility of catalytic RNA. Together, these advances are redefining the role of ribozymes in oncology, virology, and genetic medicine. No longer a dormant concept, ribozymes now stand as an evolving frontier - rationally engineered catalysts that continue to inspire technological creativity and renewed optimism in RNA therapeutics.","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"6 1","pages":"79-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12955351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147357442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interplay between aging and metabolic diseases: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic horizons. 衰老与代谢性疾病的相互作用：从分子机制到治疗视野。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2025-12-09 eCollection Date: 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2025-0047

Dandan Zhong, Yue Sun, Lanlan Zhao, Zhenchao Hu, Guanming Li, Hao Li, Zhengwei Xie

{"title":"Interplay between aging and metabolic diseases: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic horizons.","authors":"Dandan Zhong, Yue Sun, Lanlan Zhao, Zhenchao Hu, Guanming Li, Hao Li, Zhengwei Xie","doi":"10.1515/mr-2025-0047","DOIUrl":"10.1515/mr-2025-0047","url":null,"abstract":"Aging and metabolic diseases are intricately linked through bidirectional molecular mechanisms that foster a harmful cycle of physiological decline. This cycle is driven by several key factors, including altered nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, chronic inflammation, epigenetic modifications, circadian rhythm disruptions, and imbalances in the gut microbiota. Emerging interventions targeting this aging-metabolism axis hold significant promise for extending healthspan. These approaches include the use of pharmacological mimetics, senolytics, multi-omics strategies, and microbiome modulation, all of which aim to restore metabolic homeostasis and mitigate age-related pathologies. However, several challenges remain in translating these strategies into clinical practice. These include the need for tissue-specific targeting, ensuring the long-term safety of interventions, and addressing socioeconomic disparities in healthcare access. Future research efforts are focusing on integrating multi-omic technologies, organoid and human cellular models, and developing equitable precision medicine frameworks. These initiatives aim to extend healthspan and reduce the global impact of aging-related metabolic diseases.","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"5 6","pages":"477-489"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12752735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145879586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

G protein-coupled receptors as novel therapeutic targets in non-small-cell lung cancer. G蛋白偶联受体作为非小细胞肺癌的新治疗靶点。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2025-12-04 eCollection Date: 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2025-0052

Lijuan Ma, Pengju Zhang, Jin-Peng Sun

引用次数: 0

Traditional Chinese medicine on epilepsy: focus on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors. 中药治疗癫痫：以n -甲基- d -天冬氨酸受体和α-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基-4-异恶唑烯丙酸受体为主。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2025-11-27 eCollection Date: 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2025-0041

Siruan Chen, Jiaojiao Zhao, Xuenan Hao, Xia Qin, Zuxiao Yang, Panpan Zhang, Jie Hao, Dezhi Kong, Wei Zhang

引用次数: 0

Next-generation biomedical sensing through photoacoustic-electrochemical synergy. 通过光声电化学协同作用的下一代生物医学传感。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2025-11-27 eCollection Date: 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2025-0071

Mingxi Chen, Junyu Zhou, Keying Guo, Valery V Tuchin, Xunbin Wei

{"title":"Next-generation biomedical sensing through photoacoustic-electrochemical synergy.","authors":"Mingxi Chen, Junyu Zhou, Keying Guo, Valery V Tuchin, Xunbin Wei","doi":"10.1515/mr-2025-0071","DOIUrl":"10.1515/mr-2025-0071","url":null,"abstract":"Modern biomedical sensing increasingly demands technologies capable of capturing structural, functional, and molecular information simultaneously. Photoacoustic (PA) and electrochemical (EC) sensing individually address these needs but exhibit inherent limitations when used alone. PA imaging offers deep-tissue, label-free visualization with high spatiotemporal resolution, yet lacks molecular specificity. Conversely, EC sensing provides quantitative, chemically specific information through electrode functionalization, but struggles with spatial mapping and noninvasive detection. Integrating these complementary modalities establishes a unified framework-Photoacoustic-Electrochemical Synergy (PAECS)-that fuses PA's noninvasive, flow-resolved optical contrast with EC's molecular selectivity and quantitative accuracy. PAECS enables multimodal sensing across scales, improving rare-event detection, dynamic monitoring of metabolic and hemodynamic processes, and mechanistic studies of disease and drug response. Applications include coupling PA flow cytometry with EC microfluidics for circulating tumor cell and biomarker analysis, as well as integrating PA imaging with EC metabolite monitoring for real-time tissue profiling. To realize PAECS, future efforts must address system co-registration, signal decoupling, and biomarker-driven design. By bridging optical, acoustic, and electrochemical information, PAECS represents a transformative step toward comprehensive, multiscale biomedical diagnostics and personalized health monitoring.","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"5 6","pages":"515-519"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12752733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145879600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The AI doctor will see you soon: from assistants to autonomous practitioners. 人工智能医生很快就会看到你：从助理到自主医生。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2025-10-28 eCollection Date: 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2025-0044

Tianshu Gu, Xia Meng, Yongjun Wang, Weikuan Gu

引用次数: 0

Trophoblast-derived exosomes containing PD-L1 may have protective effects on preeclampsia by regulating Tregs. 含有PD-L1的滋养细胞衍生外泌体可能通过调节Tregs对子痫前期具有保护作用。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2025-10-16 eCollection Date: 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2025-0042

Ruonan Zhang, Jianliu Wang

{"title":"Trophoblast-derived exosomes containing PD-L1 may have protective effects on preeclampsia by regulating Tregs.","authors":"Ruonan Zhang, Jianliu Wang","doi":"10.1515/mr-2025-0042","DOIUrl":"10.1515/mr-2025-0042","url":null,"abstract":"Once maternal-fetal immune tolerance is broken, pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia (PE) will occur. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) as unique immunosuppressive cells, play an important role in this whole process. Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) is widely expressed in human placental trophoblasts, through binding with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) to maternal-fetal immunomodulation. Exosomes belong to extracellular membrane-bound microvesicles (EMV) that get more and more attention in signaling pathways and disease regulation. The role of Tregs in the development of PE and the role of PD-1/PD-L1 in regulating the function of Tregs have been studied, but the mechanism of trophoblast-derived exosomes containing PD-L1 influences PE by mediating maternal-fetal interface immunity is still unclear. In this article, our specific hypothesis is that trophoblast-derived exosomes containing PD-L1 which may decrease in PE could regulate the proportion and differentiation of Tregs in the decidua. This mechanism of suppression must be further investigated as it may provide valuable clues to novel therapeutic design in the realm of PE research.","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"5 5","pages":"425-428"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12558034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145395443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0