Medical review (Berlin, Germany)最新文献_第10页

The future of care and clinical research in autism - recommendations from the 2021 Lancet Commission. 自闭症护理和临床研究的未来——2021年柳叶刀委员会的建议。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2022-07-01 eCollection Date: 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0015

Xiang Yu, Xiu Xu

{"title":"The future of care and clinical research in autism - recommendations from the 2021 Lancet Commission.","authors":"Xiang Yu, Xiu Xu","doi":"10.1515/mr-2022-0015","DOIUrl":"10.1515/mr-2022-0015","url":null,"abstract":"At least 78 million people worldwide are affected by autism, a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interactions, and repetitive behaviors and/or interests. Autism typically manifests in early childhood, and affects social communications and behaviors throughout the lifespan of the individual. Under the umbrella of autism spectrum disorder, it is a highly heterogeneous disorder, with some individuals profoundly affected and needing care every day, while others can live highly independent lives, with some adjustments. The past 60 years has seen a major influx of interest in autism, and significant advances in many areas. However, a large gap remains between current scientific knowledge and the help and support that people with autism and their families need. To address these concerns, the Lancet commissioned a report on the \"future of care and clinical research in autism\". The Commission calls for government coordination between health-care, education and social sectors, as well as active participation from people with autism and their families. The Commission proposes personalized, evidence-based assessments and intervention, that is accessible and affordable to all, and call for increased appreciation of neurodiversity and prioritization of research that can improve the lives of people with autism and their families. How to support each and every autistic individual and their families is highly challenging. The 64-page Lancet Commission Report, published on December 2021, was written jointly by 32 authors from 6 continents and 13 disciplines, including clinicians, other health-care providers, researchers, advocates, autistic individuals and their parents.","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"2 3","pages":"216-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0e/2d/mr-2-3-mr-2022-0015.PMC10388786.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10314697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Adiponectin: friend or foe in obesity and inflammation. 脂联素：肥胖和炎症的朋友或敌人。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2022-07-01 eCollection Date: 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0002

Liping Luo, Meilian Liu

引用次数: 0

Progress of the China brain project. 中国大脑工程进展。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2022-06-30 eCollection Date: 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0014

Kai Yuan, Haoyun Zhao, Yuxin Zhang, Yimiao Gong, Xiaoxing Liu, Lin Lu

引用次数: 1

Astrocytes: the neglected stars in the central nervous system and drug addiction. 星形胶质细胞：中枢神经系统中被忽视的恒星和毒瘾。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2022-06-29 eCollection Date: 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0006

Wenjun Chen, Shiqiu Meng, Ying Han, Jie Shi

引用次数: 1

Data mining and mathematical models in cancer prognosis and prediction. 癌症预后和预测的数据挖掘和数学模型。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2022-06-29 eCollection Date: 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2021-0026

Chong Yu, Jin Wang

{"title":"Data mining and mathematical models in cancer prognosis and prediction.","authors":"Chong Yu, Jin Wang","doi":"10.1515/mr-2021-0026","DOIUrl":"10.1515/mr-2021-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is a fetal and complex disease. Individual differences of the same cancer type or the same patient at different stages of cancer development may require distinct treatments. Pathological differences are reflected in tissues, cells and gene levels etc. The interactions between the cancer cells and nearby microenvironments can also influence the cancer progression and metastasis. It is a huge challenge to understand all of these mechanistically and quantitatively. Researchers applied pattern recognition algorithms such as machine learning or data mining to predict cancer types or classifications. With the rapidly growing and available computing powers, researchers begin to integrate huge data sets, multi-dimensional data types and information. The cells are controlled by the gene expressions determined by the promoter sequences and transcription regulators. For example, the changes in the gene expression through these underlying mechanisms can modify cell progressing in the cell-cycle. Such molecular activities can be governed by the gene regulations through the underlying gene regulatory networks, which are essential for cancer study when the information and gene regulations are clear and available. In this review, we briefly introduce several machine learning methods of cancer prediction and classification which include Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Decision Trees (DTs), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and naive Bayes. Then we describe a few typical models for building up gene regulatory networks such as Correlation, Regression and Bayes methods based on available data. These methods can help on cancer diagnosis such as susceptibility, recurrence, survival etc. At last, we summarize and compare the modeling methods to analyze the development and progression of cancer through gene regulatory networks. These models can provide possible physical strategies to analyze cancer progression in a systematic and quantitative way.","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"2 3","pages":"285-307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/eb/ae/mr-2-3-mr-2021-0026.PMC10388766.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10314698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Spontaneous pain as a challenge of research and management in chronic pain. 自发性疼痛是慢性疼痛研究和管理的挑战。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2022-06-28 eCollection Date: 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0007

Longyu Ma, Shuting Liu, Ming Yi, You Wan

{"title":"Spontaneous pain as a challenge of research and management in chronic pain.","authors":"Longyu Ma, Shuting Liu, Ming Yi, You Wan","doi":"10.1515/mr-2022-0007","DOIUrl":"10.1515/mr-2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Spontaneous pain occurring without apparent external stimuli, is a significant complaint of individuals with chronic pain whose mechanisms, somewhat surprisingly, remain poorly understood. Over the past decades, neuroimaging studies start to reveal brain activities accompanying spontaneous pain. Meanwhile, a variety of animal models and behavioral tests have been established, including non-reflexive tests and free-choice tests, which have been shown to be effective in assessing spontaneous pain. For the spontaneous pain mechanisms, multiple lines of research mainly focus on three aspects: (1) sensitization of peripheral nociceptor receptors and ion channels, (2) spontaneous neuronal firing and abnormal activity patterns at the dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord level, (3) functional and structural alterations in the brain, particularly the limbic system and the medial pain pathway. Despite accumulating evidence revealing distinct neuronal mechanisms from evoked pain, we are still far from full understanding of spontaneous pain, leaving a big gap between bench and bedside for chronic pain treatment. A better understanding of the neural processes in chronic pain, with specific linkage as to which anatomical structures and molecules related to spontaneous pain perception and comorbidities, will greatly improve our ability to develop novel therapeutics.","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"2 3","pages":"308-319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/27/52/mr-2-3-mr-2022-0007.PMC10388751.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10314694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Peripheral mechanisms of chronic pain. 慢性疼痛的外周机制。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2022-06-27 Epub Date: 2022-07-07 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0013

Qin Zheng, Xintong Dong, Dustin P Green, Xinzhong Dong

引用次数: 10

Oxytocin and arginine vasopressin: a bridge between acupuncture and autism spectrum disorder. 催产素和精氨酸加压素：针灸和自闭症谱系障碍之间的桥梁。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2022-04-27 eCollection Date: 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0001

Rong Zhang, Jisheng Han, Songping Han

{"title":"Oxytocin and arginine vasopressin: a bridge between acupuncture and autism spectrum disorder.","authors":"Rong Zhang, Jisheng Han, Songping Han","doi":"10.1515/mr-2022-0001","DOIUrl":"10.1515/mr-2022-0001","url":null,"abstract":"In the Sui Dynasty (581–618) of China, Chao’s “On the Etiology of Diseases” described the “hun se” (muddleheaded) and “yu chi” (language delay) phenotypes, which are clinically manifested as a lack of speech and neurodevelopmental retardation in children (Figure 1). Since the first report of early infantile autism by Kanner in 1943 [1], the diagnosis of autism has undergone several revisions, and this broader group of disorders was renamed autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) in 2013 [2]. The phenotypes of ASD extend beyond the classic form of autism described by Dr. Leo Kanner, as evidenced by the observation that an increasing number of peoplewith some autistic traits, including social and communication deficits and stereotyped repetitive behaviors, have normal intelligence. In recent years, the prevalence of ASD has reached 1 in 44 8-year-old children in the United States [3] and 1 in 143 6–12-year-old children in China [4]. As rapid advances in genetic research and neuroscience have clarified this disorder more than 200 highly plausible ASD-risk genes or copy number variants and environmental risk factors have been identified. These complex etiologies cause structural and functional brainwide alterations, resulting in abnormal cortical development, synaptic dysfunction, circuit-level brain dysfunction, and neuroinflammation, which can, in turn, lead to behavioral phenotypes in ASD. However, there is currently no true medication available for effectively treating ASD, and early behavior modification has long been regarded as the only effective treatment technique. There is still a long way to go in terms of new drug development, with aripiprazole and risperidone being the only FDA-approved medications for treating severe symptoms of ASD. Several other new drugs have failed in phase two or three clinical trials.","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"2 2","pages":"119-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/24/5f/mr-2-2-mr-2022-0001.PMC10471124.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10309490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Comprehensive narrative review of real-world COVID-19 vaccines: viewpoints and opportunities. 对现实世界COVID-19疫苗的综合叙述综述:观点和机遇。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2022-04-26 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2021-0021

Shelan Liu, Min Kang, Na Zhao, Yali Zhuang, Shijian Li, Tie Song

{"title":"Comprehensive narrative review of real-world COVID-19 vaccines: viewpoints and opportunities.","authors":"Shelan Liu, Min Kang, Na Zhao, Yali Zhuang, Shijian Li, Tie Song","doi":"10.1515/mr-2021-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mr-2021-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, people all over the world have been affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Fighting against COVID-19 is the top priority for all the countries and nations. The development of a safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine is considered the optimal way of ending the pandemic. Three hundred and 44 vaccines were in development, with 149 undergoing clinical research and 35 authorized for emergency use as to March 15 of 2022. Many studies have shown the effective role of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections as well as serious and fatal COVID-19 cases. However, tough challenges have arisen regarding COVID-19 vaccines, including long-term immunity, emerging COVID-19 variants, and vaccine inequalities. A systematic review was performed of recent COVID-19 vaccine studies, with a focus on vaccine type, efficacy and effectiveness, and protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants, breakthrough infections, safety, deployment and vaccine strategies used in the real-world. Ultimately, there is a need to establish a unified evaluation standard of vaccine effectiveness, monitor vaccine safety and effectiveness, along with the virological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 variants; and determine the most useful booster schedule. These aspects must be coordinated to ensure timely responses to beneficial or detrimental situations. In the future, global efforts should be directed toward effective and immediate vaccine allocations, improving vaccine coverage, SARS-CoV-2 new variants tracking, and vaccine booster development.","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"2 2","pages":"169-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f3/3a/mr-2-2-mr-2021-0021.PMC9274757.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9840418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

The role of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019. 中医药在2019冠状病毒病防治中的作用

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2022-04-26 Epub Date: 2022-05-10 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0003

Chensi Yao, Yingying Yang, Xiaolin Tong

{"title":"The role of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019.","authors":"Chensi Yao, Yingying Yang, Xiaolin Tong","doi":"10.1515/mr-2022-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mr-2022-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly since its outbreak in 2019, which constitutes a pandemic. As of March 28, 2022, there were 4,76,374,234 confirmed cases and 6,108,976 confirmed deaths globally, which seriously threatened human life and health [1]. COVID-19, declared a pandemic by TheWorld Health Organization (WHO), is one of thegreatest challenges theworldhas faced for centuries. In the face of the sudden disease outbreak, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which has developed over thousands of years, has achieved remarkable progress in the global fight against the pandemic. With effective policies and measures, China has contributed “Chinese solutions”worth noting in the global response to the pandemic. Nowadays, the situation of pandemic prevention and is grim worldwide. We should promptly summarize the experience, learnings, and achievements of TCM in dealing with the current pandemic, and pay attention to the distinct advantages of TCM. Under the context of pandemic prevention and control, TCM should be involved in the early, comprehensive, and in-depth management of patients. Health policy guarantee mechanisms should be improved to implement practical strategies for the prevention and control of major emerging infectious diseases globally.","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":" ","pages":"115-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8a/0f/mr-2-2-mr-2022-0003.PMC9274758.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40613838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1