Medical review (Berlin, Germany)最新文献_第9页

Post-traumatic stress disorder: a psychiatric disorder requiring urgent attention. 创伤后应激障碍：一种需要紧急关注的精神障碍。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2022-08-02 eCollection Date: 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0012

Jun Du, Huapeng Diao, Xiaojuan Zhou, Chunkui Zhang, Yifei Chen, Yan Gao, Yizheng Wang

{"title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder: a psychiatric disorder requiring urgent attention.","authors":"Jun Du, Huapeng Diao, Xiaojuan Zhou, Chunkui Zhang, Yifei Chen, Yan Gao, Yizheng Wang","doi":"10.1515/mr-2022-0012","DOIUrl":"10.1515/mr-2022-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe and heterogenous psychiatric disorder that was first defined as a mental disorder in 1980. Currently, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5) and the International Classification of Diseases 11th Edition (ICD-11) offer the most widely accepted diagnostic guidelines for PTSD. In both diagnostic categories, experiencing a traumatic event (TE) is the necessary criterion for diagnosing PTSD. The TEs described in the DSM-5 include actual or threatened death, serious injury, sexual violence, and other extreme stressors, either directly or indirectly. More than 70% of adults worldwide are exposed to a TE at least once in their lifetime, and approximately 10% of individuals develop PTSD after experiencing a TE. The important features of PTSD are intrusion or re-experiencing fear memories, pervasive sense of threat, active avoidance, hyperarousal symptoms, and negative alterations of cognition and mood. Individuals with PTSD have high comorbidities with other psychiatric diseases, including major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and substance use disorder. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the pathophysiology of PTSD is complex, involving abnormal neural circuits, molecular mechanisms, and genetic mechanisms. A combination of both psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy is used to treat PTSD, but has limited efficacy in patients with refractory PTSD. Because of the high prevalence, heavy burden, and limited treatments, PTSD is a psychiatric disorder that requires urgent attention. In this review, we summarize and discuss the diagnosis, prevalence, TEs, pathophysiology, and treatments of PTSD and draw attention to its prevention.","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"2 3","pages":"219-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fc/69/mr-2-3-mr-2022-0012.PMC10388753.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10314695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Potential diagnostic biomarkers for schizophrenia. 精神分裂症的潜在诊断生物标志物。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2022-08-02 eCollection Date: 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0009

Weihua Yue, Hailiang Huang, Jubao Duan

引用次数: 0

Enhancement of visual perception by combining transcranial electrical stimulation and visual perceptual training. 通过结合经颅电刺激和视觉感知训练来增强视觉感知。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2022-07-19 eCollection Date: 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0010

Qing He, Xin-Yue Yang, Daiqing Zhao, Fang Fang

{"title":"Enhancement of visual perception by combining transcranial electrical stimulation and visual perceptual training.","authors":"Qing He, Xin-Yue Yang, Daiqing Zhao, Fang Fang","doi":"10.1515/mr-2022-0010","DOIUrl":"10.1515/mr-2022-0010","url":null,"abstract":"The visual system remains highly malleable even after its maturity or impairment. Our visual function can be enhanced through many ways, such as transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) and visual perceptual learning (VPL). TES can change visual function rapidly, but its modulation effect is short-lived and unstable. By contrast, VPL can lead to a substantial and long-lasting improvement in visual function, but extensive training is typically required. Theoretically, visual function could be further improved in a shorter time frame by combining tES and VPL than by solely using tES or VPL. Vision enhancement by combining these two methods concurrently is both theoretically and practically significant. In this review, we firstly introduced the basic concept and possible mechanisms of VPL and tES; then we reviewed the current research progress of visual enhancement using the combination of two methods in both general and clinical population; finally, we discussed the limitations and future directions in this field. Our review provides a guide for future research and application of vision enhancement and restoration by combining VPL and tES.","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"2 3","pages":"271-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b9/44/mr-2-3-mr-2022-0010.PMC10388778.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10313089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The molecular mechanisms that underlie neural network assembly. 神经网络组装的分子机制。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2022-07-01 eCollection Date: 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0011

Bing Ye

引用次数: 0

The future of care and clinical research in autism - recommendations from the 2021 Lancet Commission. 自闭症护理和临床研究的未来——2021年柳叶刀委员会的建议。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2022-07-01 eCollection Date: 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0015

Xiang Yu, Xiu Xu

{"title":"The future of care and clinical research in autism - recommendations from the 2021 Lancet Commission.","authors":"Xiang Yu, Xiu Xu","doi":"10.1515/mr-2022-0015","DOIUrl":"10.1515/mr-2022-0015","url":null,"abstract":"At least 78 million people worldwide are affected by autism, a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interactions, and repetitive behaviors and/or interests. Autism typically manifests in early childhood, and affects social communications and behaviors throughout the lifespan of the individual. Under the umbrella of autism spectrum disorder, it is a highly heterogeneous disorder, with some individuals profoundly affected and needing care every day, while others can live highly independent lives, with some adjustments. The past 60 years has seen a major influx of interest in autism, and significant advances in many areas. However, a large gap remains between current scientific knowledge and the help and support that people with autism and their families need. To address these concerns, the Lancet commissioned a report on the \"future of care and clinical research in autism\". The Commission calls for government coordination between health-care, education and social sectors, as well as active participation from people with autism and their families. The Commission proposes personalized, evidence-based assessments and intervention, that is accessible and affordable to all, and call for increased appreciation of neurodiversity and prioritization of research that can improve the lives of people with autism and their families. How to support each and every autistic individual and their families is highly challenging. The 64-page Lancet Commission Report, published on December 2021, was written jointly by 32 authors from 6 continents and 13 disciplines, including clinicians, other health-care providers, researchers, advocates, autistic individuals and their parents.","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"2 3","pages":"216-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0e/2d/mr-2-3-mr-2022-0015.PMC10388786.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10314697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Adiponectin: friend or foe in obesity and inflammation. 脂联素：肥胖和炎症的朋友或敌人。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2022-07-01 eCollection Date: 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0002

Liping Luo, Meilian Liu

引用次数: 0

Progress of the China brain project. 中国大脑工程进展。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2022-06-30 eCollection Date: 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0014

Kai Yuan, Haoyun Zhao, Yuxin Zhang, Yimiao Gong, Xiaoxing Liu, Lin Lu

引用次数: 1

Astrocytes: the neglected stars in the central nervous system and drug addiction. 星形胶质细胞：中枢神经系统中被忽视的恒星和毒瘾。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2022-06-29 eCollection Date: 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0006

Wenjun Chen, Shiqiu Meng, Ying Han, Jie Shi

引用次数: 1

Data mining and mathematical models in cancer prognosis and prediction. 癌症预后和预测的数据挖掘和数学模型。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2022-06-29 eCollection Date: 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2021-0026

Chong Yu, Jin Wang

{"title":"Data mining and mathematical models in cancer prognosis and prediction.","authors":"Chong Yu, Jin Wang","doi":"10.1515/mr-2021-0026","DOIUrl":"10.1515/mr-2021-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is a fetal and complex disease. Individual differences of the same cancer type or the same patient at different stages of cancer development may require distinct treatments. Pathological differences are reflected in tissues, cells and gene levels etc. The interactions between the cancer cells and nearby microenvironments can also influence the cancer progression and metastasis. It is a huge challenge to understand all of these mechanistically and quantitatively. Researchers applied pattern recognition algorithms such as machine learning or data mining to predict cancer types or classifications. With the rapidly growing and available computing powers, researchers begin to integrate huge data sets, multi-dimensional data types and information. The cells are controlled by the gene expressions determined by the promoter sequences and transcription regulators. For example, the changes in the gene expression through these underlying mechanisms can modify cell progressing in the cell-cycle. Such molecular activities can be governed by the gene regulations through the underlying gene regulatory networks, which are essential for cancer study when the information and gene regulations are clear and available. In this review, we briefly introduce several machine learning methods of cancer prediction and classification which include Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Decision Trees (DTs), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and naive Bayes. Then we describe a few typical models for building up gene regulatory networks such as Correlation, Regression and Bayes methods based on available data. These methods can help on cancer diagnosis such as susceptibility, recurrence, survival etc. At last, we summarize and compare the modeling methods to analyze the development and progression of cancer through gene regulatory networks. These models can provide possible physical strategies to analyze cancer progression in a systematic and quantitative way.","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"2 3","pages":"285-307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/eb/ae/mr-2-3-mr-2021-0026.PMC10388766.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10314698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Spontaneous pain as a challenge of research and management in chronic pain. 自发性疼痛是慢性疼痛研究和管理的挑战。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2022-06-28 eCollection Date: 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0007

Longyu Ma, Shuting Liu, Ming Yi, You Wan

{"title":"Spontaneous pain as a challenge of research and management in chronic pain.","authors":"Longyu Ma, Shuting Liu, Ming Yi, You Wan","doi":"10.1515/mr-2022-0007","DOIUrl":"10.1515/mr-2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Spontaneous pain occurring without apparent external stimuli, is a significant complaint of individuals with chronic pain whose mechanisms, somewhat surprisingly, remain poorly understood. Over the past decades, neuroimaging studies start to reveal brain activities accompanying spontaneous pain. Meanwhile, a variety of animal models and behavioral tests have been established, including non-reflexive tests and free-choice tests, which have been shown to be effective in assessing spontaneous pain. For the spontaneous pain mechanisms, multiple lines of research mainly focus on three aspects: (1) sensitization of peripheral nociceptor receptors and ion channels, (2) spontaneous neuronal firing and abnormal activity patterns at the dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord level, (3) functional and structural alterations in the brain, particularly the limbic system and the medial pain pathway. Despite accumulating evidence revealing distinct neuronal mechanisms from evoked pain, we are still far from full understanding of spontaneous pain, leaving a big gap between bench and bedside for chronic pain treatment. A better understanding of the neural processes in chronic pain, with specific linkage as to which anatomical structures and molecules related to spontaneous pain perception and comorbidities, will greatly improve our ability to develop novel therapeutics.","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"2 3","pages":"308-319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/27/52/mr-2-3-mr-2022-0007.PMC10388751.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10314694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0