MedComm - Future medicine最新文献_第8页

Accelerating the integration of ChatGPT and other large-scale AI models into biomedical research and healthcare 加快ChatGPT和其他大规模人工智能模型在生物医学研究和医疗保健领域的整合

MedComm - Future medicine Pub Date : 2023-05-17 DOI: 10.1002/mef2.43

Ding-Qiao Wang, Long-Yu Feng, Jin-Guo Ye, Jin-Gen Zou, Ying-Feng Zheng

{"title":"Accelerating the integration of ChatGPT and other large-scale AI models into biomedical research and healthcare","authors":"Ding-Qiao Wang, Long-Yu Feng, Jin-Guo Ye, Jin-Gen Zou, Ying-Feng Zheng","doi":"10.1002/mef2.43","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mef2.43","url":null,"abstract":"Large-scale artificial intelligence (AI) models such as ChatGPT have the potential to improve performance on many benchmarks and real-world tasks. However, it is difficult to develop and maintain these models because of their complexity and resource requirements. As a result, they are still inaccessible to healthcare industries and clinicians. This situation might soon be changed because of advancements in graphics processing unit (GPU) programming and parallel computing. More importantly, leveraging existing large-scale AIs such as GPT-4 and Med-PaLM and integrating them into multiagent models (e.g., Visual-ChatGPT) will facilitate real-world implementations. This review aims to raise awareness of the potential applications of these models in healthcare. We provide a general overview of several advanced large-scale AI models, including language models, vision-language models, graph learning models, language-conditioned multiagent models, and multimodal embodied models. We discuss their potential medical applications in addition to the challenges and future directions. Importantly, we stress the need to align these models with human values and goals, such as using reinforcement learning from human feedback, to ensure that they provide accurate and personalized insights that support human decision-making and improve healthcare outcomes.","PeriodicalId":74135,"journal":{"name":"MedComm - Future medicine","volume":"2 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mef2.43","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46230747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

The distribution pattern of corneal volume in Chinese myopic patients from multiple centers 多中心中国近视患者角膜体积分布规律分析

MedComm - Future medicine Pub Date : 2023-05-07 DOI: 10.1002/mef2.44

Changting Tang, Linyuan Qin, Wei Wang, Suqing Lu, Yinan Li, Ying Fang, Honghua Yu, Yijun Hu

{"title":"The distribution pattern of corneal volume in Chinese myopic patients from multiple centers","authors":"Changting Tang, Linyuan Qin, Wei Wang, Suqing Lu, Yinan Li, Ying Fang, Honghua Yu, Yijun Hu","doi":"10.1002/mef2.44","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mef2.44","url":null,"abstract":"Corneal volume (CV) is a useful index for detecting forme fruste keratoconus from normal corneas. It can be used to evaluate the whole cornea, since it can measure corneal areas up to 10 mm in diameter. Thus, CV has become the clinicians' interest as a diagnostic tool of corneal ectatic disease and a measure of corneal integrity to determine suitability for refractive surgery. We conducted a cross-sectional study including 7893 myopic patients from five ophthalmic centers to investigate the distribution pattern of CV. Our study showed that distribution of CV-3, CV-5, and CV-7 mm were slightly positively skewed and the 2.5th to 97.5th percentiles were 3.6–4.4, 10.4–12.8, 22.5–27.5 mm3, respectively. Central corneal thickness (CCT) was significantly correlated with CV in all measurement regions. The correlation between CV and CCT showed an inconsistent trend with the increase of age. The correlation coefficient between CV and CCT did not change significantly with the increase of myopia degree in low to moderate myopia, but fluctuated significantly in high myopia (less than −6.0 diopters). According to our results, corneal volume follows a slightly positively skewed distribution pattern in myopic Chinese patients. The information is useful for screening refractive surgery candidates and assessing the risk of corneal refractive surgery.","PeriodicalId":74135,"journal":{"name":"MedComm - Future medicine","volume":"2 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mef2.44","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43854442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A multiparameter radiomic model for accurate prognostic prediction of glioma 用于胶质瘤准确预后预测的多参数放射学模型

MedComm - Future medicine Pub Date : 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.1002/mef2.41

Yan Li, Li Bao, Caiwei Yang, Zhenglong Deng, Xin Zhang, Pin Xu, Xiaorui Su, Fanxin Zeng, Mir Q. U. Mehrabi, Qiang Yue, Bin Song, Qiyong Gong, Su Lui, Min Wu

{"title":"A multiparameter radiomic model for accurate prognostic prediction of glioma","authors":"Yan Li, Li Bao, Caiwei Yang, Zhenglong Deng, Xin Zhang, Pin Xu, Xiaorui Su, Fanxin Zeng, Mir Q. U. Mehrabi, Qiang Yue, Bin Song, Qiyong Gong, Su Lui, Min Wu","doi":"10.1002/mef2.41","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mef2.41","url":null,"abstract":"An accurate prediction of prognosis is important for clinical treatments of glioma. In this study, a multiparameter radiomic model is proposed for accurate prognostic prediction of glioma. Three kinds of region of interest were extracted from preoperative postcontrast T1-weighted images and T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images acquired from 140 glioma patients. Radiomics score (Radscore) was calculated and the conventional image features and clinical molecular characteristics that may be related to progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated. Five uniparameter and various combinations of biparameter and multiparameter models based on above characteristics were built. The performance of these models was evaluated by concordance index (C index), and the nomogram of the multiparameter radiomic model was constructed. The results show that the proposed multiparameter radiomic model has a better prediction performance than other models. In the training and validation sets, the calibration curves of the multiparameter radiomic model for the 1-, 2-, and 3-year PFS probability demonstrate a high consistence between predictions and observations. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the multiparameter radiomic model based on Radscore, conventional image features and clinical molecular characteristics can improve the prediction accuracy of glioma prognosis, which could be informative for individualized treatments.","PeriodicalId":74135,"journal":{"name":"MedComm - Future medicine","volume":"2 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mef2.41","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47169859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Posterior corneal surface and anterior chamber changes after Small incision lenticule extraction and Femtosecond laser-assisted laser in-situ keratomileusis 小切口晶状体摘除和飞秒激光辅助原位角膜磨镶术后角膜后表面和前房的变化

MedComm - Future medicine Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.1002/mef2.40

Lijie Xie, Shanqing Zhu, Guanrong Wu, Changting Tang, Yunxiang Guo, Honghua Yu, Yijun Hu

{"title":"Posterior corneal surface and anterior chamber changes after Small incision lenticule extraction and Femtosecond laser-assisted laser in-situ keratomileusis","authors":"Lijie Xie, Shanqing Zhu, Guanrong Wu, Changting Tang, Yunxiang Guo, Honghua Yu, Yijun Hu","doi":"10.1002/mef2.40","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mef2.40","url":null,"abstract":"We aimed to evaluate the posterior corneal and anterior chamber changes following small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK). This retrospective study included 93 eyes for SMILE and 228 eyes for FS-LASIK. Posterior corneal curvature, anterior chamber biometrics, and posterior corneal aberrations preoperatively and at 1 week and 3 months after surgery were evaluated. The correlation between surgical-related factors and posterior corneal morphology changes, posterior corneal morphology changes, and posterior corneal aberration alterations were determined. There was an increase in mean posterior corneal radius (PCC R) and flat posterior corneal radius (PCC R1) and decrease in anterior chamber depth and anterior chamber volume in the SMILE and FS-LASIK group (all p < 0.05). A significant difference was observed in posterior corneal higher-order aberrations before and after the FS-LASIK (p = 0.006). A negative correlation was found between alterations of PCC R and changes of posterior corneal spherical aberrations in the SMILE (r = −0.289) and FS-LASIK group (r = −0.383). In conclusion, posterior corneal and anterior chamber biometrics are changed after SMILE and FS-LASIK. Innovatively, we find that changes in posterior corneal morphology are correlated with posterior corneal aberration alterations.","PeriodicalId":74135,"journal":{"name":"MedComm - Future medicine","volume":"2 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mef2.40","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43643689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anti-HIV drugs reduce risk of prediabetes and progression to type 2 diabetes in HIV-infected patients 抗hiv药物降低hiv感染患者前驱糖尿病和进展为2型糖尿病的风险

MedComm - Future medicine Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1002/mef2.37

Joseph Magagnoli, Felipe Pereira, Siddharth Narendran, Peirong Huang, Tammy Cummings, James W. Hardin, Joseph Nguyen, S. Scott Sutton, Jayakrishna Ambati

{"title":"Anti-HIV drugs reduce risk of prediabetes and progression to type 2 diabetes in HIV-infected patients","authors":"Joseph Magagnoli, Felipe Pereira, Siddharth Narendran, Peirong Huang, Tammy Cummings, James W. Hardin, Joseph Nguyen, S. Scott Sutton, Jayakrishna Ambati","doi":"10.1002/mef2.37","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mef2.37","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) impacts the incidence of prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or the progression from prediabetes to T2DM in people living with HIV (PLWH). We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the US Veterans Health Administration database among adult patients with an HIV diagnosis from the year 2000 until 2021 to determine the incidence of prediabetes and further progression to T2DM among NRTI exposed and unexposed patients. A multistate model was used to evaluate progression from normoglycemia to prediabetes and then to T2DM, and covariate adjustment with the Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs). Among 32,240 veterans diagnosed with HIV, prediabetes and T2DM were observed among 20.2% and 20.7% of patients, respectively. Among those diagnosed with prediabetes, 31.8% progressed to T2DM. Patients exposed to NRTIs at any time (86.6%), had a reduced risk of prediabetes [HR: 0.50 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.47–0.53)] and among prediabetics, a lower risk of progression to T2DM [HR: 0.73 (95% CI: 0.63–0.85)] when compared to patients who never used NRTIs. In summary, NRTIs may reduce the risk of developing prediabetes and the progression from prediabetes to T2DM in PLWH.","PeriodicalId":74135,"journal":{"name":"MedComm - Future medicine","volume":"2 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mef2.37","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10239593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recent advances of Transformers in medical image analysis: A comprehensive review 变形金刚在医学图像分析中的最新进展：综述

MedComm - Future medicine Pub Date : 2023-03-24 DOI: 10.1002/mef2.38

Kun Xia, Jinzhuo Wang

{"title":"Recent advances of Transformers in medical image analysis: A comprehensive review","authors":"Kun Xia, Jinzhuo Wang","doi":"10.1002/mef2.38","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mef2.38","url":null,"abstract":"Recent works have shown that Transformer's excellent performances on natural language processing tasks can be maintained on natural image analysis tasks. However, the complicated clinical settings in medical image analysis and varied disease properties bring new challenges for the use of Transformer. The computer vision and medical engineering communities have devoted significant effort to medical image analysis research based on Transformer with especial focus on scenario-specific architectural variations. In this paper, we comprehensively review this rapidly developing area by covering the latest advances of Transformer-based methods in medical image analysis of different settings. We first give introduction of basic mechanisms of Transformer including implementations of selfattention and typical architectures. The important research problems in various medical image data modalities, clinical visual tasks, organs and diseases are then reviewed systemically. We carefully collect 276 very recent works and 76 public medical image analysis datasets in an organized structure. Finally, discussions on open problems and future research directions are also provided. We expect this review to be an up-to-date roadmap and serve as a reference source in pursuit of boosting the development of medical image analysis field.","PeriodicalId":74135,"journal":{"name":"MedComm - Future medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mef2.38","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41456627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Comparison of the disease severity with infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta and Omicron variants: A meta-analysis 严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型德尔塔和奥密克戎变异株感染的疾病严重程度比较：荟萃分析

MedComm - Future medicine Pub Date : 2023-03-21 DOI: 10.1002/mef2.39

Ying Qiu, Zhenghao Li, Fan Lin, Yilin Yang, Lanxuan Yang, Ting Li

{"title":"Comparison of the disease severity with infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta and Omicron variants: A meta-analysis","authors":"Ying Qiu, Zhenghao Li, Fan Lin, Yilin Yang, Lanxuan Yang, Ting Li","doi":"10.1002/mef2.39","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mef2.39","url":null,"abstract":"The increased transmissibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta and Omicron variants due to their complex mutations has been confirmed by many studies, but the disease severity caused by these two variants and vaccine efficacy have not been clearly concluded. This meta-analysis evaluated and compared disease severity and vaccine efficacy for infection with these two variants. Databases were searched on July 29, 2022, for original studies. Data extracted included participants, hospitalization rate, intensive care unit (ICU) admission rate, mortality rate, and vaccination status. Total 15 studies (570,713 subjects) were included. The risk of hospitalization, ICU admission and death in patients with Delta were increased compared with patients with Omicron, especially hospitalization (Log risk ratio [RR]: 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65–1.53). The Delta was associated with a higher risk of death in the unvaccinated population (Log RR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.04–0.93). No significant differences in the risk of severe illness between BA.1 and BA.2 were observed. All three risks were reduced in fully vaccinated populations infected with Delta and Omicron. The existing evidence shows that the inherent virulence and disease severity of Omicron are reduced compared with Delta, and fully vaccination is effective in preventing severe infection of both variants.","PeriodicalId":74135,"journal":{"name":"MedComm - Future medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mef2.39","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49625754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ferredoxin 1, the key regulator of cuproptosis, was associated with prognosis and immune cell infiltration in clear cell renal cell carcinoma 透明细胞肾细胞癌中铜增生的关键调控因子铁氧化还原蛋白1与预后和免疫细胞浸润相关

MedComm - Future medicine Pub Date : 2023-03-07 DOI: 10.1002/mef2.36

Dian Xia, Kun Liu, Wen Jiao, Longfei Peng, Qi Liu, Chang Liu, Liangkuan Bi

{"title":"Ferredoxin 1, the key regulator of cuproptosis, was associated with prognosis and immune cell infiltration in clear cell renal cell carcinoma","authors":"Dian Xia, Kun Liu, Wen Jiao, Longfei Peng, Qi Liu, Chang Liu, Liangkuan Bi","doi":"10.1002/mef2.36","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mef2.36","url":null,"abstract":"According to a number of studies, the occurrence and progression clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), among the most prevalent cancerous tumors of the urinary bladder, may be inextricable from metabolism and immunology. The recent discovery of cuproptosis revealed a novel cell death mechanism based on mitochondrial respiration and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and cuproptosis is strongly linked to the metabolic process. The cuproptosis process is different from the previously revealed cell death processes such as pyroptosis, apoptosis and ferroptosis, which is expected to provide a new perspective in the study of tumor mechanism. Here we aim to explore the important role of key regulators of cuproptosis in renal cancer using a combination of bioinformatics and experimental validation. We found that Ferredoxin 1 (FDX1) was related to the infiltration of various immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and the response to immunotherapy in ccRCC. At the same time, the experiment confirmed that FDX1 was significantly lower in ccRCC, which was consistent with the previous analysis results. In conclusions, FDX1 was expected to be an important marker of immune infiltration, immunotherapy, and tumor prognosis in ccRCC.","PeriodicalId":74135,"journal":{"name":"MedComm - Future medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mef2.36","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48284816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Direct cellular targets and anticancer mechanisms of the natural product oridonin 天然产物冬凌草甲素的直接细胞靶点及其抗癌机制

MedComm - Future medicine Pub Date : 2023-02-24 DOI: 10.1002/mef2.35

Jialin Yao, Lu Liu, Qingxiang Sun, Xiaofei Shen

{"title":"Direct cellular targets and anticancer mechanisms of the natural product oridonin","authors":"Jialin Yao, Lu Liu, Qingxiang Sun, Xiaofei Shen","doi":"10.1002/mef2.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mef2.35","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The proliferation, survival, and metastasis of cancer cells are governed by a complex series of intracellular and extracellular signaling pathways. Therefore, efficient cancer therapy often requires the modulation of multiple targets. Besides, the modulation of several biological targets with a single drug can lead to synergistic therapeutic effects and avoid side effects associated with combination therapy. Oridonin, an ent-kaurane type diterpenoid isolated from Rabdosia rubescens, has been reported to possess potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and neuroprotective activities. Among its many benefits, the anticancer effects have attracted the most attention because of its effectiveness in many tumor cells and its potential to overcome therapeutic resistance. Recently, several proteins involved in oncogenic signaling, including CRM1, PHGDH, HSP70, AML1-ETO, and STAT3, were identified as functional targets of oridonin and its analogs. The binding mechanism and the consequence of oridonin binding to these oncogenic proteins are summarized and discussed. These advances suggest that oridonin exhibits broad spectrum anticancer effects by targeting multiple oncogenic proteins mainly via Michael addition between its unsaturated ketone and the cysteines in the target proteins. Therefore, oridonin and its derivatives hold the potential to be developed as multitargeting anticancer drugs.","PeriodicalId":74135,"journal":{"name":"MedComm - Future medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mef2.35","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50118717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Direct cellular targets and anticancer mechanisms of the natural product oridonin 天然产物鸢尾草甲素的直接细胞靶点及抗癌机制

MedComm - Future medicine Pub Date : 2023-02-24 DOI: 10.1002/mef2.35

Jialin Yao, Lu Liu, Qingxiang Sun, Xiaofei Shen

引用次数: 0