Journal of mood and anxiety disorders最新文献

{"title":"Investigating the dynamic relations between maternal sleep and depression across pregnancy","authors":"Melissa Nevarez-Brewster ,&nbsp;Anna M. Zhou ,&nbsp;Jenalee R. Doom ,&nbsp;Benjamin L. Hankin ,&nbsp;Elysia Poggi Davis","doi":"10.1016/j.xjmad.2025.100139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xjmad.2025.100139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sleep problems and depression symptoms are highly prevalent and dynamic during pregnancy with impacts on both maternal and offspring health. However, few studies have examined their bidirectional relations across pregnancy to determine whether sleep is an independent predictor of later depression symptoms, and vice versa. The purpose of this study is to investigate the dynamic relations between prenatal maternal sleep problems and depression symptoms three times across pregnancy.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Pregnant participants (<em>n</em> = 222) recruited in early pregnancy completed sleep and depression questionnaires at around 17-, 28-, and 35-weeks’ gestation. Prenatal maternal sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, while depression symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Cross-lagged panel models were utilized to examine autoregressive and cross-lagged associations between sleep problems and depression symptoms across pregnancy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Findings reveal that both sleep problems and depression symptoms independently predict one another across pregnancy. All associations covaried for baseline sleep problems and depression symptoms. Specifically, more sleep problems in early pregnancy predicted higher depression symptoms mid-pregnancy (β=.14, <em>p</em> = .011), and elevated depression symptoms in early pregnancy predicted more sleep problems mid-pregnancy (β=.18, <em>p</em> = .002). Similarly, more sleep problems in mid-pregnancy predicted more depression symptoms in late pregnancy (β =.10, <em>p</em> = .029), while depression symptoms in mid-pregnancy predicted more sleep problems during late pregnancy (β=.16, <em>p</em> = .004).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Both prenatal maternal sleep and depression independently predict one another across pregnancy. Assessing sleep in early pregnancy may help with the detection of worsening depression, and vice versa, across the perinatal period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73841,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mood and anxiety disorders","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144579563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of the choice of method to identify major depressive disorder in large research cohorts","authors":"Jorge A. Sanchez-Ruiz ,&nbsp;Nicolas A. Nuñez ,&nbsp;Gregory D. Jenkins ,&nbsp;Brandon J. Coombes ,&nbsp;Lauren A. Lepow ,&nbsp;Braja Gopal Patra ,&nbsp;Ardesheer Talati ,&nbsp;Mark Olfson ,&nbsp;J. John Mann ,&nbsp;Myrna M. Weissman ,&nbsp;Jyotishman Pathak ,&nbsp;Alexander Charney ,&nbsp;Euijung Ryu ,&nbsp;Joanna M. Biernacka","doi":"10.1016/j.xjmad.2025.100136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xjmad.2025.100136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Clinical heterogeneity and variations in methods to identify major depressive disorder (MDD) across studies compromise replicability of research findings. This study evaluated potential implications of different MDD case definitions in a large biobank cohort.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Among Mayo Clinic Biobank participants, MDD was identified using two methods: self-report MDD in a participant questionnaire (PQ-MDD) and MDD ICD codes in the electronic health record (EHR-MDD). We examined agreement between these definitions and evaluated relationships between case agreement and participant characteristics, including MDD polygenic risk scores (PRS). Finally, we evaluated associations between different MDD case/control definitions and participant characteristics known to be related to MDD.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 55,656 participants, 23 % were identified as PQ-MDD cases and 17 % as EHR-MDD cases, with 85 % overall agreement (61 % case agreement) between these definitions. Among participants identified as MDD cases by one method, older and male patients, and those with lower measures of morbidity at enrollment, were less likely to be identified as cases by the other method. The strength of the associations between different MDD case/control definitions and participant characteristics varied depending on whether MDD definitions used the same source of information (i.e., EHR-only, self-report only)—resulting in stronger associations—versus different sources of information (i.e., one from EHR, one from self-report)—resulting in weaker associations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our results demonstrate how the methods used to identify patients with history of MDD can affect sample characteristics and risk factor associations, highlighting the importance of considering phenotype ascertainment in the interpretation of research results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73841,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mood and anxiety disorders","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sense of purpose and emotion regulation strategy use: A mini-review with directions for future research","authors":"Patrick L. Hill,&nbsp;Judy J. Kwak,&nbsp;Jennifer F. Beatty-Wright","doi":"10.1016/j.xjmad.2025.100133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xjmad.2025.100133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Individuals with a stronger sense of purpose in life consistently exhibit less anxiety and depressive symptoms, in part due to their reduced reactivity to stressful situations. However, the affective, behavioral, and cognitive mechanisms underlying these associations remain somewhat unclear. The current brief review addresses this concern with respect to how sense of purpose may be associated with emotion regulation strategy use. Although relatively nascent, the emerging literature suggests that emotion regulation strategies may be integral to living a purposeful life. Our review highlights that while some strategies, such as cognitive reappraisal, have been consistently connected to a sense of purpose, others, including situation selection, merit further attention from the research literature. The brief review concludes by highlighting directions for future research, including the observation of whether a sense of purpose relates to polyregulation, as well as how individuals employ emotion regulation strategies in their daily lives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73841,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mood and anxiety disorders","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The structure of posttraumatic stress symptoms in youth with and without obsessive-compulsive disorder: New insights using factor and network analysis","authors":"Caitlin M. Pinciotti ,&nbsp;Matti Cervin ,&nbsp;Kendall N. Drummond ,&nbsp;Jeffrey D. Shahidullah ,&nbsp;Justin F. Rousseau ,&nbsp;Cody G. Dodd ,&nbsp;Mercedes Ramirez ,&nbsp;John M. Hettema ,&nbsp;Robyn Richmond ,&nbsp;Leslie K. Taylor ,&nbsp;Lynn Monnat ,&nbsp;Leslie Proch ,&nbsp;Fei Teng ,&nbsp;Wayne K. Goodman ,&nbsp;Eric A. Storch ,&nbsp;Andrew G. Guzick ,&nbsp;D. Jeffrey Newport ,&nbsp;Karen Dineen Wagner ,&nbsp;Charles B. Nemeroff","doi":"10.1016/j.xjmad.2025.100135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xjmad.2025.100135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) share ostensibly similar and sometimes overlapping symptoms that complicate diagnostic assessment and conceptualization. While varying models for the symptom structure of PTSD have been proposed – including the presently used 4-factor and a more fine-grained 7-factor model – little research has focused on youth and even less is known about how these symptoms relate to one another when OCD is present. The present study used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and network analysis to compare PTSD symptom relations among 2066 trauma-exposed youth aged 8–20 enrolled in the Texas Childhood Trauma Research Network, of which 10.9 % met diagnostic criteria for OCD. CFA model fit was strongest for the 7-factor PTSD model, and multigroup CFA found no evidence that the structure differed as a function of OCD diagnosis, sex, nor age group. Internal consistency in the 7-factor model ranged from poor to good (α = 0.59–0.80), while all clusters of the 4-factor model demonstrated adequate internal consistency (α = 0.75–0.89). Network analysis revealed unique associations between PTSD and OCD. Specifically, having OCD was linked to more Negative Affect (edge = 0.15) and Anhedonia (edge = 0.16), which are both part of the 4-factor Negative Alterations in Cognitions and Mood symptom cluster. While the clinical relevance of the 7-factor model is still unclear, it evidenced mixed empirical support in the present sample and provided greater nuance when examining links between PTSD and OCD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73841,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mood and anxiety disorders","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144335797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of depression treatment on subjective sleep components among primary care patients: Data from the eIMPACT trial","authors":"Matthew D. Schuiling ,&nbsp;Wei Wu ,&nbsp;Brittanny M. Polanka ,&nbsp;Aubrey L. Shell ,&nbsp;Michelle K. Williams ,&nbsp;Christopher A. Crawford ,&nbsp;Krysha L. MacDonald ,&nbsp;John I. Nurnberger Jr. ,&nbsp;Christopher M. Callahan ,&nbsp;Jesse C. Stewart","doi":"10.1016/j.xjmad.2025.100132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xjmad.2025.100132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Sleep disturbance is a multifaceted symptom of depression that disproportionately impacts marginalized groups. Depression treatment improves sleep disturbance in some individuals; however, the components of sleep disturbance improved remain unidentified. This secondary analysis of the eIMPACT randomized controlled trial examines effects of depression treatment on subjective sleep disturbance components.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>216 primary care patients with depression from a safety net healthcare system were randomized to 12-months of modernized collaborative care (internet cognitive-behavioral therapy [CBT], telephonic CBT, and/or antidepressants; <em>n</em> = 107) or usual primary care for depression (primary care providers supported by embedded behavioral health clinicians and psychiatrists; <em>n</em> = 109). Subjective sleep disturbance components were assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mixed-effect models examined intervention effects on changes in subjective sleep disturbance components. The intervention improved PSQI global scores, sleep onset latency, subjective sleep quality, and daytime dysfunction across 24-months, and these effects diminished after treatment termination. At post-treatment, intervention participants had greater improvements in PSQI global scores (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001, <em>d</em>=-0.62), sleep onset latency (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01, <em>d</em>=-0.43), daytime dysfunction (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01, <em>d</em>=-0.35), and sleep disturbances (<em>p</em> = 0.01, <em>d</em>=-0.26) compared to usual care, but no differences in subjective sleep quality, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, or sleep medication use. Intervention effects were not moderated by race, education, or income. Pre- to post-treatment improvements in depressive symptoms were associated with improvements in some sleep disturbance components.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Depression treatment improves some, not all, subjective sleep disturbance components, with benefits diminishing after termination. Adjunctive interventions are likely needed to address the lingering components of sleep disturbance.</div></div><div><h3>ClinicalTrials.gov Idenifier</h3><div>NCT02458690</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73841,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mood and anxiety disorders","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144261499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in ventral prefrontal-subcortical network connectivity during the course of remission from bipolar mania","authors":"Jennifer E. Siegel-Ramsay ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Lippard ,&nbsp;Thomas Blom ,&nbsp;Wade Webber ,&nbsp;Cal Adler ,&nbsp;David E. Fleck ,&nbsp;Melissa P. DelBello ,&nbsp;Jorge R.C. Almeida ,&nbsp;Stephen M. Strakowski","doi":"10.1016/j.xjmad.2025.100131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xjmad.2025.100131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dysregulated ventral prefrontal-subcortical networks are implicated in bipolar disorder, although how connectivity changes within these networks during the emergence and resolution of affective episodes is unclear. To address this knowledge gap, in this post-hoc study, we investigated longitudinal changes in prefrontal-subcortical connectivity during remission from mania in individuals with bipolar I disorder.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We followed 35 individuals with bipolar I disorder through eight weeks of treatment for a manic episode. Using mixed models, we compared changes in ventral prefrontal-subcortical connectivity between individuals who remitted (n = 16, Young Mania Rating Scale/Hamilton Depression Rating Scale &lt; 10 by week eight) and those who did not (n = 19) during emotional distractor conditions of the continuous performance task (CPT-END), a cognitive attentional task with emotional and neutral distractors; at baseline, one and eight weeks of treatment covarying for age and sex.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During the eight-week trial, significant group-by-time interactions were found between medial prefrontal cortex and right inferior frontal gyrus pars triangularis. There was also a group-by-time interaction in connectivity between prefrontal cortex and left thalamus, bilateral amygdala, and pregenual anterior cingulate cortex.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These results highlight distinct ventral prefrontal-subcortical connectivity patterns characterizing the remitted state in bipolar disorder during tasks requiring focused attention amid emotional distractions. In the context of previous research, remission was associated with more normative connectivity between medial prefrontal and both thalamus and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. However, while ventral prefrontal–paralimbic/limbic connectivity may show improvement with symptom remission, it may not fully normalize, suggesting residual functional abnormalities despite clinical recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73841,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mood and anxiety disorders","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is latent about trauma exposure? Commentary on the use of latent class analysis for identifying trauma subtypes","authors":"Erika J. Wolf ,&nbsp;Mark W. Miller","doi":"10.1016/j.xjmad.2025.100130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xjmad.2025.100130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Latent class analysis (LCA) is a “person-centered” analytic method designed to identify subgroups of individuals defined by a common characteristic that distinguishes them from other groups within a larger population. Many recent studies have applied LCA to data from self-report trauma exposure measures in an effort to identify clinically useful and/or nosologically informative trauma history “types.” In this article, we provide a non-technical overview of this analytic approach and its application to trauma exposure data. We raise concerns about the use of LCA for identifying trauma exposure types relating to: (a) the application of a person-centered approach to variables that reflect environmental exposures; (b) lack of evidence that use of LCA is more informative than other more straightforward and generalizable methods for quantifying trauma exposure; (c) failure to show meaningful differences in the correlates (e.g., risk factors, outcomes, treatment response) of latent classes; (d) forcing severity-based categories on variables that are dimensional, promotion of small classes, and misinterpretation of fit statistics; and (e) interpretation of changing class definitions over time as individual-level changes. Collectively, these concerns lead us to ask, “what is latent about trauma exposure?” and suggest the need for alternative approaches to quantifying and summarizing trauma exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73841,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mood and anxiety disorders","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144254590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Augmenting single-session behavioral activation for depression with delta-beta tACS: Preliminary investigation of a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized pilot clinical trial","authors":"Corinne N. Carlton ,&nbsp;Erin Bondy ,&nbsp;Justin Riddle ,&nbsp;David Mahan ,&nbsp;Stacey Daughters ,&nbsp;Crystal Schiller ,&nbsp;Flavio Frohlich","doi":"10.1016/j.xjmad.2025.100127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xjmad.2025.100127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Single-session behavioral activation (BA) and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) are promising interventions for major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the synergy of combined single-session BA and tACS has not yet been evaluated. This pilot study assessed whether tACS augments the efficacy of single-session BA in individuals with MDD. N = 30 (<em>M</em>_age=36, <em>SD</em>=15; 70 % female) participants with MDD were randomized to receive either: 1) tACS with BA or 2) sham tACS with BA. Change in depression and anhedonia symptoms were assessed (preregistration: NCT05693922). Clinician-rated depression and anhedonia showed significant effects of time, but no significant differences between conditions, with the exception of dysphoria. Specifically, between baseline and two-week follow-up, those in the verum condition demonstrated significantly less dysphoria than those in the sham condition; however, these significant differences did not maintain at one-month follow-up. While preliminary, this is the first study to assess the augmentation of psychotherapy with tACS for MDD and it further serves as a template for future studies using combined interventions to treat depression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73841,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mood and anxiety disorders","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practice-based research examining effectiveness of exposure-based CBT for youth in a community mental health setting","authors":"Emily M. Becker-Haimes ,&nbsp;Michal Weiss ,&nbsp;Temma Schaechter ,&nbsp;Sophia Young ,&nbsp;Amanda L. Sanchez","doi":"10.1016/j.xjmad.2025.100129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xjmad.2025.100129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examined the naturalistic effectiveness of exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapy (Ex-CBT) for pediatric anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder in a community mental health setting. We also characterized adaptations made to Ex-CBT and whether treatment factors varied by whether youth were Medicaid recipients or not. To do so, we conducted a three-year, retrospective chart review of consecutively treated youth in an Ex-CBT treatment center embedded in a community mental health setting (<em>N</em> = 94; 72.3 % Medicaid recipients, 68.1 % female). We abstracted baseline demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment techniques delivered, and treatment process and response variables to examine whether these varied as a function of Medicaid status and identify predictors of treatment response. Medicaid youth were more racially and linguistically diverse than non-Medicaid youth; there otherwise were no differences in baseline demographic and clinical variables. Ex-CBT was delivered in more than twice as many sessions compared to typical clinical trials. Coded session data indicated a more diverse suite of techniques delivered by clinicians not typically included in Ex-CBT protocols (e.g., case management, discussion of cultural and contextual factors) alongside Ex-CBT. Techniques employed by clinicians varied by insurance status. However, response rates were comparable to those seen in clinical trials (51–70 %, depending on response definition). Receiving a higher dose of exposure predicted greater likelihood of treatment response, as did younger age and male gender; Medicaid status and racial/ethnic minority status did not predict response. Overall, data supported Ex-CBT effectiveness in this setting. Ex-CBT was adapted in ways that differed based on whether youth were Medicaid recipients or not.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73841,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mood and anxiety disorders","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144089257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between PACAP levels and psychophysiological indicators of fear and arousal in adults with posttraumatic stress symptoms","authors":"Antonia V. Seligowski ,&nbsp;Kevin J. Clancy ,&nbsp;Eylül Akman ,&nbsp;Michael Lewis ,&nbsp;Victor May ,&nbsp;Caitlin Ravichandran ,&nbsp;Sydney A. Jobson ,&nbsp;Daniel E. Bradford ,&nbsp;Sayamwong E. Hammack ,&nbsp;William A. Carlezon Jr. ,&nbsp;Kerry J. Ressler ,&nbsp;Scott L. Rauch ,&nbsp;Isabelle M. Rosso","doi":"10.1016/j.xjmad.2025.100128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xjmad.2025.100128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with heightened fear responding and decreased fear regulation, as demonstrated with psychophysiological measures (e.g., autonomic function) and circulating biomarkers of stress, such as pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP). The current study examined associations between PACAP levels and psychophysiological indicators of arousal in a sample of 168 trauma-exposed adults with a range of PTSD symptoms. We also examined sex differences in these relationships. Psychophysiological indicators included fear-potentiated startle (FPS), heart rate (HR), and heart rate variability (HRV) during a fear acquisition and extinction paradigm. PACAP levels were derived from fasting blood samples. PACAP levels were positively correlated with FPS during acquisition and HR during extinction, and negatively correlated with HRV during extinction. There were no significant PACAP-by-sex interaction effects in FPS, HR, or HRV models. Our results in the total sample are consistent with prior work demonstrating associations between PACAP and psychophysiological arousal. They add to previous evidence that circulating PACAP levels are associated with biological markers of centromedial amygdala-dependent functioning. Future research is needed among larger samples, including longitudinal designs to better determine causal relationships between PACAP levels and fear-related arousal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73841,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mood and anxiety disorders","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144177656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}