Journal of hazardous materials advances最新文献

{"title":"Recent advance in nanotechnology for circular food systems: Innovations for sustainable production, waste valorization, and nutrient recovery","authors":"Oluwatobi Victoria Obayomi ,&nbsp;Lukman Shehu Mustapha ,&nbsp;Kehinde Shola Obayomi ,&nbsp;Mina Dokouhaki ,&nbsp;Jianhua Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition to sustainable and circular food systems is essential to addressing global challenges such as resource depletion, food waste, and environmental pollution. Nanotechnology offers innovative solutions across multiple stages of the food value chain, aligning with circular economy principles. This review explores the multifaceted role of nanotechnology in enhancing food system sustainability across production, preservation, waste valorization, and resource recovery. In agriculture, nano-fertilizers and nano-pesticides improve nutrient use efficiency and pest management while minimizing environmental residues. Nano-enabled packaging and coatings offer extended shelf life, spoilage detection, and reduction in postharvest losses. Furthermore, food and agricultural waste can be converted into high-value bioactive or functional nanomaterials through nano-assisted extraction, catalysis, and upcycling. In water and nutrient management, nanomaterials facilitate the recovery of critical resources from wastewater, remediate polluted soils, and enable the safe reuse of treated water in agriculture. However, the deployment of nanotechnology in food systems is not without challenges. Concerns surrounding toxicity, environmental persistence, and regulatory ambiguity remain. This review highlights the potential of nanotechnology to advance food sustainability while emphasizing the importance of eco-safety, biodegradable nanomaterials, and robust governance frameworks to ensure responsible use across the value chain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 101023"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning-based screening of zebrafish embryo malformations for assessing the developmental toxicity and EC50 estimation of disinfection by-products","authors":"Yizhi Pei ,&nbsp;Chunxu Chen ,&nbsp;Kongyan Luo ,&nbsp;Junmin Gao ,&nbsp;Haifeng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chlorine disinfection of drinking water has widely led to the formation of carcinogenic and teratogenic halogenated disinfection by-products, but only a small fraction of them have been identified and undergone systematic toxicological evaluation. In this study, a high-throughput toxicity screening strategy that integrates a computer vision-based model with the zebrafish embryo assay was presented. This framework enables automated identification of teratogenic morphological endpoints from embryo images and facilitates subsequent dose–response analysis for toxicological metrics. Four DBPs (trichloroacetaldehyde, dichloroacetaldehyde, chloroacetaldehyde and tribromoacetaldehyde) were selected for acute exposure. An annotated zebrafish deformity image dataset with literature images and 609 in house images were curated. Channel Attention and Multi-scale Detection module were incorporated into the neural network architecture to improve detection performance. The optimized model demonstrated high classification accuracy across diverse malformation types (mAP50 = 0.873), with strong precision and recall metricsand EC₅₀ values calculated by the model were highly consistent with those obtained manually. Beyond high-throughput screening, this framework could bridge computer vision with the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) concept, as AI-recognized malformations correspond to key developmental events related to cardiotoxicity and metabolic disruption in the future. This integration enhances the mechanistic interpretability and predictive capacity of AI-based toxicity evaluation, providing a scalable tool for zebrafish-based chemical screening and environmental risk assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100960"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alkaline stabilization of sewage sludge using quicklime: A process-based approach for reducing environmental risk and enhancing safe reuse","authors":"Meghdad Pirsaheb ,&nbsp;Hiwa Hossaini ,&nbsp;Jila Amini ,&nbsp;Ali Elahinia ,&nbsp;Soma Goftari ,&nbsp;Zeynab Feyzi","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Municipal sewage sludge, while rich in nutrients, poses significant environmental and operational safety concerns due to the presence of ammonia, organic nitrogen, heavy metals, and pathogenic microorganisms. This study investigates the process-based alkaline stabilization of anaerobically digested sludge using quicklime (CaO) at four solids concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) and three lime doses (10%, 20%, 30% w/w of dry solids) in a 50-L pilot-scale in-vessel reactor. Over a 72-h period, chemical, microbiological, and biological stability parameters were evaluated, including nitrogen speciation, phosphorus retention, pathogen indicators, phytotoxicity, and heavy metal leachability. Lime addition elevated pH and significantly reduced total Kjeldahl nitrogen (by up to 61%) and ammonium (by 93%) via pH-driven ammonia volatilization. Organic nitrogen declined most notably in lower-solids sludge, while nitrate levels remained largely unchanged. Slight reductions in total phosphorus were attributed to calcium phosphate precipitation. Phytotoxicity bioassays revealed species-specific responses, with Brassica alba maintaining up to 90% germination, while Sorghum saccharatum was more sensitive (down to 52%). Microbiological analyses confirmed complete inactivation of total and fecal coliforms and Salmonella spp. to below U.S. EPA Class A limits. TCLP tests indicated a marked decrease in leachable cadmium, lead, copper, and nickel—often below detection limits. The results demonstrate that optimized quicklime stabilization provides a robust and scalable approach for ensuring microbial safety, minimizing environmental risk, and enhancing the safe reuse of sewage sludge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 101045"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migration dynamics of PE and PVC microplastics in soil: An experimental column-based investigation on the effects of drip irrigation","authors":"Khaoula En-Nejmy ,&nbsp;Bouchra El Hayany ,&nbsp;Eric Record ,&nbsp;Mohamed Hafidi ,&nbsp;Loubna El Fels","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Migration patterns of microplastics (MPs) in agricultural soil remain unclear due to a lack of scientific data. In this study, a soil column experiment was conducted using polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) particles of different sizes under simulated drip irrigation. The MPs were collected and analysed after different irrigation time intervals (4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks) to track their migration over time.</div><div>Results showed that simulated drip irrigation triggered a time-dependent migration of MPs through soil matrices. After 16 weeks, the maximum migration depth of MP particles reached 15–20 cm. Moreover, we further revealed that the migration of MPs in sandy loam soil was influenced by both the size/type of the particles and the duration of irrigation. Comparatively, small-sized MPs, particularly those &lt;0.5 mm, showed higher mobility compared to larger-sized MPs. A difference in mobility between the two types of MPs was also observed, with PVC exhibiting a higher mobility than PE (6.6 % of recovered PVC compared to 4 % of PE from 20 cm soil depth). This study is one of the first to simulate quantitatively and temporally (16 weeks) the migration of MPs (PE and PVC) in agricultural soil under drip irrigation. Given that MPs are hazardous materials whose transfer must be assessed, our study quantifies the critical impact of MP size and polymer type on their vertical mobility in soils, providing essential data for assessing and modelling the risks of contaminant transfer to groundwater resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100962"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nature’s Cleanup Crew: Algal–Bacterial Partnerships in Heavy Metal-Polluted Waters","authors":"Asra Fadaeipour ,&nbsp;Noreen Ashraf ,&nbsp;Ammad Abbas ,&nbsp;Assemgul K. Sadvakasova ,&nbsp;Mostafa E. Elshobary ,&nbsp;Amina Khalid ,&nbsp;Da-Chuan Yin ,&nbsp;Fiaz Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The escalating accumulation and dissemination of heavy metals (HMs) in the environmental matrices present growing ecological and public health concerns, underscoring the significance of natural process mediating their removal from environment. Among emerging biotechnological approaches, microalgae–bacteria consortia have garnered significant attention as naturally occurring, sustainable systems for the remediation of HMs and organic pollutants in industrial and municipal wastewaters. Despite their promise, the underlying mechanisms that govern microalgae–bacteria interactions, particularly under stress from emerging pollutants and during HM removal remain inadequately understood. Two primary modes of interaction, physical associations and molecular-level communications, are fundamental to their co-adaptation, survival, and functional synergy. These interactions encompass extracellular and intracellular processes such as chemotaxis, quorum sensing, transcriptomic reprogramming, and genetic adaptation. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the dynamic interplay within microalgae–bacteria systems, emphasizing their mechanistic roles in metal sequestration. We presented recent advancements to deepen our understanding of these interactions and support the development of efficient and sustainable biotechnologies for environmental remediation and resource recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100957"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant activity and anti-melanogenic of the exopolysaccharide EPS-HuA40 from Mesonia sp. HuA40","authors":"TingTing Tang ,&nbsp;ZhaoLi Li ,&nbsp;YuPing Dai ,&nbsp;BaiLu Tang ,&nbsp;WenZhao Li ,&nbsp;Tong Li ,&nbsp;Hao Cheng ,&nbsp;PingYi Li ,&nbsp;HaiLun He","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for antioxidant and whitening skincare products has driven the development of eco-friendly natural ingredients. Marine microorganisms represent a rich source of novel bioactive molecules. This study investigated the antioxidant and melanogenesis-inhibitory activities of EPS-HuA40, an exopolysaccharide from the marine bacterium <em>Mesonia</em> sp. HuA40. EPS-HuA40 demonstrated significant dose-dependent scavenging activities against multiple free radicals, with a scavenging rate reaching up to 86.05%, which is comparable to that of the positive control antioxidant Vc (88.13%) at the same mass concentration. In HaCaT, HDF, and HUVEC cells, treatment with EPS-HuA40 significantly inhibited the production of intracellular ROS due to oxidative stress, without exhibiting cytotoxicity. And it enhanced the activities of intracellular antioxidant enzymes such as CAT and SOD to bolster cellular antioxidant capacity, protecting cells against adverse environments. Furthermore, EPS-HuA40 effectively reduced α-MSH-induced melanin production in B16-F10 cells by indirectly suppressing tyrosinase activity and downregulating melanogenesis-related gene expression. The results suggested that EPS-HuA40 exhibits significant antioxidant activity and reduces hyperpigmentation. Therefore, it holds potential for future application in skincare formulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 101012"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative tomography of contaminant phytomobilization: β+ emitters 83Sr and 86Y as tracers of fission-product analog mobility","authors":"Jann Schöngart ,&nbsp;Marcel Lindemann ,&nbsp;Max Klotzsche ,&nbsp;Karsten Franke ,&nbsp;Cornelius Fischer","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mobility of fission-product analogs in sandy soil and phytoremediation contexts was investigated using positron emission tomography (PET) ⁸³Sr²⁺ and ⁸⁶Y³⁺ β⁺ tracers. Flow experiments in quartz and FeOOH-coated sands revealed limited baseline mobility of ⁸⁶Y³⁺. Chelating agents enhanced transport: citrate mobilized ⁸⁶Y³⁺ in quartz sand, while NTA was required for FeOOH-coated sand. Phosphate reduced citrate-driven mobilization, highlighting chemical controls on rare earth element transport relevant in the phytoremediation context. High-resolution ⁸³Sr²⁺ PET captured millimeter-scale heterogeneities in hydrodynamics, with ammonium nitrate mobilization producing mean velocities of 55.8 mm·h⁻¹.</div><div>Phytomobilization experiments with <em>Avena strigosa</em> demonstrated plant-mediated contaminant movement. Localized radiotracer injections remained confined due to strong adsorption, with ⁸³Sr²⁺ showing tracer cloud velocities of 33–360 μm·h⁻¹ and ⁸⁶Y exhibiting minimal mobilization. Detection of radiotracer concentrations down to 0.1 fmol·mm⁻³ provides quantitative insight into substrate-dependent transport processes.</div><div>The results validate the capabilities of PET for high-resolution quantification of radiometal mobility in both abiotic and plant-mediated remediation scenarios. The datasets provide an estimate for assessing the time-scales on which remediation efforts should be planned. In addition, the introduction of novel radiotracers, experimental designs and methods for data validation lay the groundwork for <em>ex-situ</em> research concerning remediation and environmental safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100952"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145594791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of an isoleucine-derived organogelator for diluted bitumen spill treatment and its effects on seawater microbial community dynamics","authors":"Nayereh Saborimanesh ,&nbsp;Lindsay J. Hounjet ,&nbsp;Jong Jin Lee ,&nbsp;Uta Passow ,&nbsp;Stanislav R. Stoyanov","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective response measures are crucial to minimizing the negative impacts of crude oil spilled into aquatic ecosystems. The phase-selective organogelator N-acetyl-L-isoleucine-N’-<em>n</em>-octylamide can effectively solidify light and heavy crude oils into a cohesive mass, aiding in their containment and cleanup. However, its biodegradation and ecological impacts remain largely unexplored. The objective of this study was to investigate the fate and biodegradability of the organogelator and gelated diluted bitumen (DB) in seawater, as well as to assess the microbial community response during a 42-day aerobic weathering experiment at 5 °C. Seawater was treated either with (i) DB and gelator, (ii) gelator only, or (iii) DB only, with (iv) untreated seawater as a control. Results showed that the gelator, DB, and the combination thereof remained afloat on seawater throughout the 42-day weathering experiment at 5 °C. Significant biodegradation of non-gelated DB was detected, indicated by a decrease in the pristane-to-phytane ratio from 1.29 ± 0.03 to 1.10 ± 0.10 after 42 days of weathering at 5 °C., but biomarker and spectroscopic analyses did not detect significant biodegradation for the gelator and gelated DB. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that while overall microbial abundances remained stable, community compositions diverged across treatments. The gelator alone elicited a distinct microbial response compared to both gelated and non-gelated DB. While the observed species declined after exposure to the gelator, microbial diversity was more affected by non-gelated DB or gelated DB treatments. The prolonged persistence of gelated DB and the gelator underscores the need for their timely removal post-application to minimize ecological risks. This study is among the first to provide insights into the environmental impacts of N-acetyl-L-isoleucine-N’-<em>n</em>-octylamide organogelator as an oil spill-treating agent, emphasizing the need for further research on its sustainability as a spill response tool.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 101046"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From waste to resource: unveiling the nexus between compost, microplastics, and agroecosystem","authors":"Munawar Hussain ,&nbsp;Wajiha Sarfraz ,&nbsp;Chengrong Chen ,&nbsp;Rahat Shabir ,&nbsp;Ghulam Abbas ,&nbsp;Mehran Rezaei Rashti","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compost is a widely used organic amendment to improve soil health and increase crop yield. However, the contamination of compost with microplastics (MPs) has emerged as a growing concern for the sustainability of agroecosystems. Despite concerns, the fate of compost bound MPs largely remained unclear. This review critically assessed the sources, characteristics and fate of MPs in the compost. The findings clarified that contaminated organic waste feedstocks were the main contributor of MPs to compost, with fibers, fragments, and films being the most observed shapes. The abundance of polypropylene (PP), Polyethylene (PE), and Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymers in compost reflected their widespread use in the production of everyday plastic products. The review further investigated the effect of MPs on the soil system and found that the severity of impact mainly depends on MP morphology. The results also highlighted that partial degradation of bioplastics could persist as non-point source of MPs in the compost. However, addition of biochar, strict monitoring of composting conditions, and introduction of specific microbial strains during the composting process could be possible solutions to increase the degradation of MPs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 101033"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insight for the excision of amoxicillin using bio-sorbents from effluent: Impact, fate and treatment mechanism for Water Management– A review","authors":"Sathish Sundararaman ,&nbsp;Bagavathy Sudalai Muthu ,&nbsp;Venkat Vignesh Seenuvasan ,&nbsp;D. Prabu ,&nbsp;D. Venkatesan ,&nbsp;J. Aravind Kumar ,&nbsp;M. Kavisri ,&nbsp;Praburaman Loganathan ,&nbsp;Meivelu Moovendhan","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The accumulation of pharmaceutical residues in aquatic ecosystems has emerged as a critical environmental and public health concern, leading to water scarcity, deteriorating water quality, and escalating treatment costs in many regions across the globe. This comparative study investigates the utilization of bio-based adsorbents for the efficient removal of pharmaceutical contaminants specifically the antibiotic amoxicillin from wastewater.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Both agro-based and organism-derived adsorbents exhibit promising characteristics such as high porosity, extensive specific surface area, superior adsorption capacity, and environmental sustainability. These green adsorbents operate through multiple adsorption mechanisms, including π–π interactions, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and weak van der Waals forces, enabling effective contaminant removal. Unlike synthetic materials, they are renewable, biodegradable, and free from secondary pollution, making them ideal for sustainable water treatment applications.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>The study further analyses the influence of key production parameters such as activation temperature, pH, precursor type, and surface modification on adsorptive efficiency and compares the performance of agro-waste-based adsorbents with conventional synthetic alternatives.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>By comparing or contrasting the articles, a step by step process for the number of preparation and modification steps of biosorbents is developed that also turns out to be agro-based or natural polymer or microorganism having an incredibly high adsorption capacities and capabilities and it can be used in order to treat organically loaded wastewater more economically, efficiently and effectively than the conventional treatment methods because of their characteristics of high orders such as tolerance to contaminants</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100983"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}