Journal of hazardous materials advances最新文献

{"title":"Disinfectant-induced metal leaching in stainless steel plumbing materials: An investigation into the effects of free chlorine and monochloramine","authors":"Ding-Quan Ng ,&nbsp;Shui-Wen Chang Chien ,&nbsp;Jian-Zhi Su ,&nbsp;Saroj Adhikari","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effects of two commonly used water disinfectants—free chlorine and monochloramine—on metal release dynamics and water quality in a simulated stainless steel (SS) premise plumbing system. A flow-through system, assembled with SS 304 pipes, fittings and chrome faucets, was used to examine the effects of increasing disinfectant concentrations (1, 2, and 4 mg/L as Cl₂) for a period of 14 weeks. Total concentrations of chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), and nickel (Ni), along with residual disinfectant levels, were monitored at three sampling faucets positioned along the pipeline as a function of pipe length and contact time. Free chlorine exposure resulted in substantially higher metal release, with Cr and Fe increasing with disinfectant doses reaching up to 122 µg/L and 199 µg/L, respectively, at 4 mg/L as Cl₂. In contrast, monochloramine maintained lower and more uniform metal concentrations (maximum: 6 µg/L Cr, 76 µg/L Fe at 4 mg/L as Cl₂). Free chlorine exhibited a more rapid decay than monochloramine with increasing pipe length. Similarly, SEM-EDS analysis corroborated the findings regarding metal release as pipe surfaces exposed to free chlorine displayed distinct degradation and reduced Cr content (15.2 wt%) compared to relatively intact surfaces and higher Cr retention (18.4 wt%) under monochloramine. These findings highlight the role of disinfectant chemistry on corrosion and metal leaching in SS systems. Monochloramine offers a more stable and material-compatible alternative for maintaining water quality in SS premise plumbing applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101155"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochar–Hydrogel composites as multifunctional materials for environmental remediation and circular resource recovery","authors":"Md Nashir Uddin ,&nbsp;Mohammad AH Badsha ,&nbsp;Abigail Mwin-nea Samwini ,&nbsp;Nko Solomon ,&nbsp;Yulai Yang ,&nbsp;Jamal Uddin ,&nbsp;Dong Hee Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil degradation, water contamination, nutrient depletion, and climate change are interlinked global challenges that demand multifunctional, sustainable solutions. Conventional remediation methods such as activated carbon adsorption, coagulation–flocculation, and advanced oxidation are often costly, energy-intensive, and limited in scalability. Biochar–hydrogel (BC–HG) composites have recently emerged as promising materials that integrate the high porosity, surface functionality, and carbon sequestration potential of biochar with the water-retention and controlled-release properties of hydrogels. This review critically synthesizes advances in BC–HG research by linking substrate choice, synthesis techniques, and physicochemical characterization with performance outcomes across environmental and agricultural applications. This review further highlights how synthesis-driven composite architecture governs dominant adsorption pathways, enabling design-oriented optimization beyond model-based interpretation. Mechanistic insights from adsorption kinetics, isotherm modeling, and thermodynamics are integrated to explain the composites’ ability to remove heavy metals, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and emerging contaminants, while simultaneously supporting nutrient recovery, soil fertility, drought resilience, and greenhouse gas reduction. Compared to standalone biochar or hydrogels, BC–HGs exhibit enhanced mechanical stability, swelling behavior, and pollutant affinity, positioning them as multifunctional platforms for remediation and sustainable resource use. However, challenges remain in scaling up synthesis, improving regeneration efficiency, ensuring stability under real-matrix conditions with competing ions and natural organic matter, and addressing risks from waste-derived feedstocks. Framing BC–HGs within the circular bioeconomy this review highlights their potential to valorize waste resources, recycle nutrients, and contribute to carbon management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101169"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MOF-based strategies for bisphenol A remediation in water: from adsorption to photocatalytic degradation","authors":"Amin Alamdari,&nbsp;Zhila Alipour Journey","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bisphenol A (BPA), a ubiquitous endocrine-disrupting compound, poses significant ecological and health risks due to its widespread use in plastics and continuous release into aquatic environments. Conventional removal techniques often face limitations in efficiency, cost, and sustainability. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising advanced materials for BPA remediation, owing to their tunable porosity, high surface area, and multifunctional properties. This review comprehensively examines the recent advances in MOF-based materials for the removal of BPA through adsorption and photocatalytic degradation. We systematically categorize MOFs based on their metal centers (e.g., Zr, Fe, Al, Cr, Cu, Zn) and structural modifications, including functionalization and composite formation. The effects of key operational parameters—such as pH, temperature, adsorbent/photocatalyst dosage, and coexisting ions—on removal performance are critically analyzed. Furthermore, adsorption isotherms, kinetics, thermodynamics, and photocatalytic mechanisms are discussed in detail, with emphasis on the roles of π–π interactions, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic effects, and reactive oxygen species generation. The review also addresses the challenges related to MOF stability, reusability, and practical application. Finally, future research directions are outlined, focusing on the design of robust, scalable, and multifunctional MOF-based systems for real-world water treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101211"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147849946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discriminant analysis in predicting the leaching behaviour of Ca/Na/K in cardboard tube waste biomass/biochar","authors":"Chinedum Chukwujekwu Anyika ,&nbsp;Isabelle Nathaly de Paula Silva ,&nbsp;Filipe Gomes Fagundes ,&nbsp;Ana Carolina Ferreira Piazzi Fuhr ,&nbsp;Robson Pereira de Lima ,&nbsp;Mariana Vitoria Silverio Alves ,&nbsp;Wisley Moreira Farias ,&nbsp;Osania Emerenciano Ferreira ,&nbsp;Augusto Cesar da Silva Bezerra ,&nbsp;Guilherme Luiz Dotto ,&nbsp;Alan Rodrigues Teixeira Machado","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Studies integrating the leaching behaviour of alkaline/alkali earth metal species (AAEMs; Ca/ Na, K) in the context of the rate of ion dissolution from the solid-phase and subsequent migration into the bulk solution are scarce. Similarly, studies always considered the faster rate of ion migration in the bulk solution in terms of greater diffusion coefficients of K/Na relative to those of the divalent species. Accordingly, the leaching behaviour of AAEMs were investigated in biomass/(biochar produced at 500 °C) under different extractants: Melich-1 (M-1), Ammonium Acetate (AA), and water. The Univariate ANOVA accounted for group differences, with M-1 yielding the greatest extractable-Ca (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.04) relative to AA and water. Stepwise discriminant analysis (DA) enabled the discrimination of the AAEMs into two Discriminant functions (DFs). Function 1 (F1) classified the AAEMs as belonging to their geochemical partitioning coefficients, in the order of Ca &gt; Na as the best discriminators/predictors, with M-1 as the best extractant for greater yield of extractable-Ca and Na. Conversely, F2 classified the AAEMs according to their rates of solid-phase dissolution and migration into the bulk solution, in the order of Na &gt; Ca, with Na being the best discriminator/predictor for faster rate of dissolution at the solid-phase and migration in water relative to Ca and K. It is concluded that the leaching behaviour of the AAEMs in biomass/biochar is not a function of the rate of ion migration/diffusion coefficient within the bulk solution alone, but a combined process, which proceeds with the rate of dissolution from the solid-phase step, to diffussion/transport in the bulk solution step, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101185"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147849947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metagenomics analysis of antibiotic resistance gene Co-selection by heavy metals and BTEX in landfill soils","authors":"Hussein Ali Obaid Alyafuri,&nbsp;Majid Komijani,&nbsp;Amir Jalali","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Landfills are significant sources of environmental pollution, releasing heavy metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) into surrounding soils. This study examined microbial communities, ARGs, and chemical contaminants in soils from seven landfill sites in Gilan, Mazandaran, and Golestan Provinces, northern Iran. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing, inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis for heavy metals, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) compounds were applied. Proteobacteria dominated most sites, while Firmicutes prevailed at one site, reflecting site-specific conditions. Bacterial communities showed a small core microbiome (7.5 %) and high site specificity (42.5 %). ARG profiling revealed efflux pumps (40 %) as the most abundant mechanism, followed by antibiotic-inactivating enzymes (23 %) and two-component systems (22 %). While chromium and zinc levels were acceptable, nickel, palladium, and platinum indicated localized anthropogenic pollution. Toluene was the predominant BTEX compound. Network analyses revealed extensive ARG–mobile element associations, including 122 significant ARG–insertion sequence and 12,297 ARG–integron correlations, highlighting mobilization of clinically relevant genes such as <em>mcr-9.1</em> and <em>aadA7</em>. Co-selection networks of 141 ARGs and 578 metal resistance genes showed strong modularity (0.54) and key hub ARGs (<em>qnr, mexY, msbA</em>; degree = 70), with β-lactamase <em>ACT-77</em> linked to zinc/copper resistance (r = −0.99). Correlations between bacterial abundance and pollutants suggested co-selection processes. These findings reveal complex interactions among microbial communities, ARGs, and pollutants, providing insights for improved landfill management and reduced environmental and health risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101158"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From natural adsorption to targeted immobilization: Efficacy and mechanisms of clay minerals in remediating soil heavy metals","authors":"Tianhong Fu ,&nbsp;Jinlan Shi ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Wang ,&nbsp;Ling Tang ,&nbsp;Zhen Yang ,&nbsp;Bo Chen ,&nbsp;Yujin Zhang ,&nbsp;Bangxi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heavy metals (HMs) pollution in soil poses a serious threat to agricultural production, food safety, and human health, making relevant remediation research of great practical significance. Therefore, it is of great significance to pay attention to the remediation of soil HMs pollution. Clay minerals (CMs) as an economical and efficient green remediation material, they have been widely used in soil remediation. We systematically summarized the methods, effects and mechanisms of CMs and modified clay minerals (MCMs) on the immobilization of typical HMs in soil. Studies have shown that raw clay minerals can effectively immobilize heavy metal cations, while modification treatments that increase their specific surface area, number of functional groups, and heavy metal precipitant content can significantly improve the immobilization efficiency. Modified clay materials mainly immobilize heavy metal anions through reduction precipitation and electrostatic adsorption mechanisms. Soil pH, organic matter content, moisture conditions, coexisting ions, and material application rate are key environmental factors affecting fixation effectiveness. This article also summarizes the characterization techniques and latest trends used to elucidate the fixation mechanisms of clay-based materials. Overall, this study constructs a “structure-functionalization-targeted immobilization” framework for clay mineral remediation and critically assesses the shortcomings of current research in understanding long-term environmental behavior and ecological risks. Our research provides a fundamental understanding of the changes in heavy metal bioavailability in contaminated soils mediated by CMs and their modified materials, the mechanisms involved, and their subsequent impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101178"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degradation of recalcitrant polyaromatic hydrocarbons (pyrene) by indigenous microbial population of the oil-contaminated saline wetland: Behesht-e-Masoumeh","authors":"Farzaneh Farzali Shirehjini ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Shavandi ,&nbsp;Parvaneh Safarian ,&nbsp;Mohammad Ali Amoozegar","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human activities, including oil extraction and industrial emissions, are known to have resulted in extensive contamination of hypersaline environments by hydrocarbons, requiring efficient remediation by microbes. Since hypersaline environments are usually accompanied by environments contaminated with petroleum, high salt concentration inhibits microbial efficiency in this process; hence, microbial adaptation is essential for efficient remediation. This study introduces a pyrene-degrading halophilic consortium, named BMS (Behesht-e-Masoumeh-Soil), isolated from a saline soil sample obtained from Behesht-e-Masoumeh wetland. The consortium utilizes pyrene effectively at high NaCl concentrations, from 5% to 20% (w/v). The highest growth rate and pyrene degradation by BMS-consortium were observed at pH levels of 7 to 8 and 10% (w/v) NaCl in the presence of 100 mg <span>l</span>^-1 pyrene, where &gt;85% removal was achieved within 30 days. Phthalate (ethylhexyl) was identified in BMS-consortium culture media, illustrating that an initial dioxygenation step may occur at the C4 and C5 positions. According to the consortium's 16S sequencing analysis, <em>Pseudomonadota</em> (<em>proteobacteria)</em> in the Bacteria domain and <em>Halobacteriota</em> in the Archaea domain, with 50.74% and 37.12% respective abundance, were the dominant phyla in the BMS-consortium. In addition to pyrene, BMS effectively degraded other PAHs, achieving 94% acenaphthene, 81% fluoranthene, and 78% acenaphthylene removal within 30 days. The present findings highlight the significant potential of the studied microbial consortium to develop soil bioremediation through bioaugmentation and biostimulation approaches. It could serve as an effective strategy for the treatment of sites contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, largely attributed to the consortium's high tolerance and capacity to utilize these aromatic compounds as an energy source.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101201"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147849934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioleaching of heavy metals from soils contaminated by military activities using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans","authors":"Natálie Hanáková ,&nbsp;Štěpán Vinter ,&nbsp;Pavel Jeřábek ,&nbsp;Marek Koutný ,&nbsp;Martin Sedláček","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study compares the bioleaching efficiency of <em>Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans</em> in real soils contaminated by military activities. Samples came from three sites with distinct histories: (i) debris from a 2014 munition storage explosion (MS), (ii) an infantry shooting range impact area (SR), and (iii) a grenade range throwing zone (GR). Bioleaching performance was benchmarked against nitric-acid extraction (HNO₃), and the total metal content was determined after soil mineralization. Copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) predominated. Cu and Pb mobilization were highest in SR, while Ni was most effectively mobilized in MS, reflecting site-specific contamination. Although MS is a Gleyic Luvisol and SR/GR are Modal Mesobasic Cambisols, soil type was not the primary driver. Soil acidity impacted outcomes: more acidic soils (SR) yielded higher solubilization, whereas the more alkaline GR showed limited leaching. Nickel exhibited a distinct temporal trend: while its dissolved concentration declined during extended bioleaching due to sequestration within secondary jarosite phases, the process nonetheless achieved an approximately fivefold higher solubilization efficiency compared to HNO₃ extraction. This suggests that bioleaching effectively circumvents the mineral passivation that limits HNO₃ efficacy in this specific soil matrix, even though late-stage Ni solubility is constrained by jarosite precipitation. Overall, bioleaching efficiency followed Cu <span><math><mo>≥</mo></math></span> Ni <span><math><mo>≫</mo></math></span> Pb. <em>A. ferrooxidans</em>-mediated bioleaching is a promising, environmentally friendly <em>in-situ</em> approach for removing Cu and Ni from acidic soils, including explosion sites and shooting ranges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101180"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects and mechanisms of the Bt Cry1Ab protein on the adsorption of Cu(II) in red and fluvo-aquic soils: insights from adsorption kinetics, isotherms, thermodynamics, and functional group characterization","authors":"Xin Yu ,&nbsp;Xueyong Zhou ,&nbsp;Depei Kong ,&nbsp;Yongji Wang ,&nbsp;Lihong Zhang ,&nbsp;Liyan Yang ,&nbsp;Anhong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, copper contamination in agricultural soils has exhibited a consistent upward trend. With the widespread cultivation of Bt crops, the influence of Bt insecticidal proteins on Cu(II) adsorption behavior has emerged as a potentially significant factor. However, this issue has received limited attention. This study investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of Bt protein on Cu(II) adsorption in red and fluvo-aquic soils, employing kinetic, thermodynamic, and isothermal analyses. The adsorption of Cu(II) in both soil types conformed to the pseudo-second-order and Elovich models. The Langmuir, <span>d</span>-R, Freundlich, and Temkin models fit the adsorption data well. Bt protein enhanced Cu(II) adsorption within the soil. In terms of the magnitude of adsorption energy, red and fluvo-aquic soils exhibit different Cu(II) adsorption mechanisms: red soil mainly adopts ion exchange adsorption, while fluvo-aquic soil mainly adopts chemical adsorption. As suggested by our thermodynamic analysis, Cu(II) adsorption in soils represented a spontaneous (Δ<em>G</em>⁰&lt;0), endothermic (Δ<em>H</em>⁰&gt;0) process, and the spontaneity improved as the Bt protein concentration increased. Positive values of Δ<em>S</em>° for Cu(II) adsorption in soils indicated that entropy was the driving force for adsorption. FTIR and XPS analyses indicated that Bt protein enhanced the chemisorption of Cu(II), primarily through bridging interactions and complexation between Cu(II) and the adsorbed Bt protein. These findings suggest that Bt proteins released by Bt crops may influence the environmental behavior of Cu(II).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101189"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a fingerprint of aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) as source of PFAS across environmental compartments","authors":"Nikola Krlovic,&nbsp;Heidemarie Paula Schaar,&nbsp;Jörg Krampe,&nbsp;Matthias Zessner,&nbsp;Ottavia Zoboli","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of Aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF) is a major emission source of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). This review explores whether fingerprints of AFFF contamination can be identified. We examine the composition of AFFF formulations and whether the physicochemical properties of AFFF-related PFAS differ from those of other PFAS. We then compare the distribution patterns of PFAS in various environmental compartments at AFFF-impacted sites. Either PFOS or 6:2 FTS congeners usually dominate formulations, depending on the production method. PFHxSAm, a potential precursor to FHxSA and PFHxS, was also found to be relevant in AFFFs produced via electrochemical fluorination. The analysis of the chemical descriptors suggests that AFFF-related PFAS are constitutionally similar, regardless of the manufacturing process. On average, PFOS accounts for 75% of the total content of the most detected PFAS in soils, while 6:2 FTS and its congeners were dominant where exclusively telomerisation-based AFFF were applied. PFHxS, PFHxA and PFOA were the next most detected compounds. Groundwater shows a lower median share of PFOS (50%), a higher occurrence of short chain PFCA and PFSA and a larger range of concentrations. These findings rely on surveys primarily targeting a limited number of compounds. In a few cases, FHxSA, its related compounds, and 6:2-FTAB accounted for a large fraction of total analyzed PFAS in affected sites. This review marks a significant step forward in identifying fingerprints of AFFF-PFAS contamination, and it highlights the need to expand the analytical panel in environmental monitoring at AFFF-impacted sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101196"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147849875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}