Journal of hazardous materials advances最新文献

{"title":"Valorization of toluene from waste gas streams: assessing PHA production by Rhodococcus opacus","authors":"Rebeca Pérez ,&nbsp;Nicolás Díaz-Moreno ,&nbsp;Silvia Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Raquel Lebrero","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The conversion of gaseous pollutants from industrial emissions into polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) represents a promising strategy for simultaneously reducing environmental impact and producing biodegradable plastics. Volatile organic compounds such as ethylbenzene, toluene, xylene or styrene, are attractive carbon sources for this purpose; however, their sustained bioconversion performance in continuous systems and optimum operating parameters remain unexplored. In this work, a novel approach was investigated using <em>Rhodococcus opacus</em> to valorize toluene into poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). Batch experiments confirmed the strain’s capacity to degrade toluene, ethylbenzene, and styrene under both nitrogen-rich and nitrogen-deprived conditions, although PHB accumulation was only observed with toluene and ethylbenzene, reaching up to 11.3 % (w/w). Under continuous operation, <em>R. opacus</em> maintained high toluene removal efficiencies, consistently exceeding 98 %, when supplied with a continuous air stream containing ∼4 g m^-3 of toluene. PHB synthesis was promoted using nitrogen-limiting feast-famine strategies. While extended deprivation promoted high intracellular PHB accumulation (up to 45.7 ± 26.2 %), more frequent cycling yielded better balance between cell growth and polymer formation, with biomass levels reaching 4.7 g L⁻¹ and average PHB content around 12 % over 28 days. This study provides the first evidence of <em>R. opacus</em> supporting continuous toluene biotransformation into PHB, offering valuable insight into its application for gas-phase bioprocesses. Optimizing nutrient management and assessing long-term operational stability will be essential next steps toward industrial deployment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100823"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of metals and gut microbiota on weight gain patterns in children admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit: A prospective cohort study","authors":"Yunlong Peng ,&nbsp;Xiongfeng Pan ,&nbsp;Shiting Xiang ,&nbsp;Kunyan Zhao ,&nbsp;Sha Wu ,&nbsp;Yunhui Cao ,&nbsp;Caixia Liu ,&nbsp;Mingyang Wu ,&nbsp;Fei Yang ,&nbsp;Jieyun Yin ,&nbsp;Jun Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Backgrounds</h3><div>Research indicates that metal exposure and gut microbiota may influence weight gain in children. This study aimed to examine the relationship between metal mixture exposure, gut microbiota composition, and weight gain trajectories among children admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 207 children were recruited from the Children's Hospital of Hunan Province, Central China. Blood metal concentrations were measured using ICP-MS, and gut microbiota composition was determined through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Group-based trajectory modeling, logistic regression and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) were used to assess the effects of metal mixtures and gut microbiota on children's weight gain patterns.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four distinct weight gain trajectories were identified over the five-year follow-up: growth retardation group, catch-up growth group, high-end weight group, and normal growth group. Among 26 metals, Cs (<em>OR</em> = 3.208, 95 %<em>CI</em>: 1.107, 9.963), Cu (<em>OR</em> = 3.270, 95 %<em>CI</em>: 1.132, 10.148), W (<em>OR</em> = 3.393, 95 %<em>CI</em>: 1.208, 10.101), As (<em>OR</em> = 0.272, 95 %<em>CI</em>: 0.069, 0.872) and Mn (<em>OR</em> = 0.201, 95 %<em>CI</em>: 0.047, 0.674) were significantly correlated with the growth retardation group. <em>RB41</em>(<em>OR</em> = 9.630, <em>p</em> = 0.016) and <em>Bacteroides</em> (<em>OR</em>=0.272, <em>p</em> = 0.011) in gut microbiota were correlated with the growth retardation group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Mn, As, Cs, Cu, W, Zn and Sb in 26 metals, <em>RB41</em> and <em>Bacteroides</em> in gut microbiota were associated with the trajectory patterns of children. Maintaining optimal blood metal levels and regulating gut microbiota composition during early infancy may have important implications for promoting healthy weight gain trajectories in early childhood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100839"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transport of nanoplastics in saturated iron oxide-coated gravel: Effects of flow velocity, ionic strength and surface property of nanoplastics","authors":"Dongxiang Cheng ,&nbsp;Hongjuan Bai ,&nbsp;Xiangwei Yang ,&nbsp;Shiying Li ,&nbsp;Xuanyan Zhu ,&nbsp;Xiaofan Hou ,&nbsp;Junhang Chen ,&nbsp;Edvina Lamy","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the transport and deposition behavior of nanoplastics with different surface charges in heterogeneous porous media, focusing on the effects of flow velocity, ionic strength and surface properties of nanoplastics. Controlled laboratory experiments were conducted using polystyrene (PS), carboxylate-modified polystyrene (CPS), and amine-modified polystyrene (APS) latex microspheres in gravel and iron oxide-coated gravel media under varying flow rates and ionic strengths. The results show that enhanced flow velocities significantly promote nanoplastic transport by reducing overcoming deposition potentials at solid-liquid interfaces. Elevated ionic strength induces contrasting retention behaviors: increasing deposition of negatively charged nanoplastics (PS and CPS) while reducing the retention of positively charged APS. Iron oxide coatings paradoxically increase nanoplastic recovery in effluents by altering surface roughness and blocking intra-granular porosity, despite lower energy barriers for attachment. This study highlights the importance of considering both physical and chemical heterogeneity in predicting nanoplastic behavior in complex porous media. The mechanistic insights derived from this work provide a valuable framework for environmental risk quantification and the development of targeted remediation approaches for nanoplastic-contaminated aquifers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100844"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dairy Wastewater Treatment through a Novel Combined HABR-RBC System","authors":"Afsaneh Mazaheri,&nbsp;Mohamad Reza Doosti","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dairy wastewater has high concentration of organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus that require proper treatment to prevent environmental pollution. This research evaluate the performance of a novel combined laboratory-scale system consisting of a hybrid anaerobic baffled reactor (HABR), followed by a rotating biological contactor (RBC) in treating dairy wastewater. The research was conducted for 107 days. The combined HABR-RBC system was fed by dairy wastewater with an organic loading rate (OLR) ranging from 0.86 to 9.3 kgCOD/m³.day. The COD removal efficiency of the combined HABR-RBC system and methane production were 98.23 % and 163 ± 7.03 L CH₄/kg CODₑ, respectively. Additionally, removal efficiencies of approximately 99.78 % for total nitrogen (TN) and 99.07 % for total ammonium (NH₄⁺-N) were achieved. These results show that the novel combined HABR-RBC system is highly effective for dairy wastewater treatment and opens up extensive possibilities for application in wastewater treatment processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100842"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144766982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing a novel valuable photocatalyst (Ag2O@Chitosan nanocomposite) for removal of organic dyes from water and biological application","authors":"R․Kishore Kanna ,&nbsp;N. Padmasini ,&nbsp;A․Aliya Fathima ,&nbsp;K. Kala","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, chitosan (CS) and silver oxide (Ag₂O) nanocomposites will be used to evaluate the photodegradation of organic pigments. The novel photocatalytic material was developed was constructed from a chitosan biopolymer matrix and Ag₂O nanoparticles. The precise and uniform distribution of Ag₂O inside the nanocomposites throughout the CS matrix was validated by several analytical methods. The photocatalytic activity of the Ag₂O@CS nanocomposites was improved due to the combination of chitosan's high adsorption capacity and Ag₂O's photocatalytic capabilities. UV radiation degraded organic colors more efficiently in these nanocomposites than in standard photocatalysts. After comparing Ag₂O to other photocatalysts, the results showed that RB concentrations were 89.42% lower and MGO concentrations were 88.21% lower. Unlike previous efforts, our photocatalyst has a longer half-life. This is accomplished by combining Ag₂O nanoparticles with biocompatible and biodegradable chitosan. The problem of dye contamination of water sources is a global issue that can be permanently resolved with the help of this innovative technique. Water treatment facilities, whether public or private, may benefit from the scalable and cost-effective wastewater cleaning technology provided by Ag₂O@CS nanocomposites. Improving water treatment technologies and achieving environmental sustainability are the main objectives of this project, which aims to develop photocatalysis and promote eco-friendly materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100841"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144749452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable bioremediation of atrazine-contaminated soils via biochar and microbial ball co-amendments","authors":"Patchimaporn Udomkun ,&nbsp;Thidarat Rupngam ,&nbsp;Thirasant Boonupara ,&nbsp;Puangrat Kaewlom","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atrazine (ATZ) persistence in agricultural soils poses a significant threat to soil health, microbial activity, and nutrient cycling. This study evaluated the effectiveness of biochar (BC), microbial balls (MiB), and their combination (BC + MiB) in improving soil physicochemical properties and microbial populations under ATZ stress during red coral lettuce cultivation. Treatments were applied to soils pre-incubated with 0–2.0 % v/v ATZ, and responses were monitored over a 7-week period. Results demonstrated that the BC + MiB treatment notably enhanced soil pH (reaching up to 8.27), increased soil organic carbon by 15 %, and stabilized nitrate (up to 5.2 mg/kg) and phosphorus (up to 2.32 mg/kg) levels under 0 % ATZ conditions. Under 1.5 % v/v ATZ stress, BC + MiB significantly boosted microbial populations—actinomycetes by 16.7 %, nitrogen-fixing bacteria by 15.7 %, and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria by 12.2 %—compared to the unamended control. ATZ residues dissipated more rapidly in amended soils: BC and MiB treatments reduced residues by approximately 93 % and 90 %, respectively, while BC + MiB achieved an 86 % reduction (from ∼173 mg/kg to ∼23.6 mg/kg). Principal component analysis revealed strong positive correlations between microbial abundance and nutrient availability in amended treatments. These findings confirm the synergistic benefits of BC and MiB in enhancing soil resilience, accelerating ATZ degradation, and promoting microbial-mediated nutrient cycling. For practical application, BC and MiB can be mixed into the topsoil before planting or following herbicide application, offering a sustainable and effective approach to restore soil health and support resilient, high-productivity agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100835"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144749451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainably engineered chopstick–eggshell composite biochar: Integrated optimization and machine learning framework for heavy metal removal from acid mine drainage","authors":"Thembeka Mabaso ,&nbsp;Tian-Yi Xue ,&nbsp;Shang-Lien Lo ,&nbsp;Hsiao-Fen Wu ,&nbsp;Seema Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel composite biochar (BC<img>CaCO₃/TiO₂) was developed by co-pyrolyzing bamboo chopsticks and eggshells, followed by a TiO₂ coating produced through a sol-gel method. This material showed strong potential for eliminating Pb(II) from wastewater. Various materials characterization techniques (e.g. FESEM-EDX, BET, FTIR, XPS, and XRD) were used to determine the structure and composition of the composite biochar. Adsorption parameters — such as pH, contact time, and dosage—were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM), identifying optimal conditions being at pH 5, 60 min, and 0.25 g/L, with a model fit of R² = 0.988. The prediction accuracy was further improved to R²=0.997 using multilayer perceptron (MLP) in a machine learning framework, showing that MLP was more effective in prediction than RSM. At 25 °C, the maximum Pb(II) adsorption capacity was 381.16 mg/g. Thermodynamic analysis further confirmed that the process was endothermic, spontaneous, and favoured chemisorption. The adsorption mechanisms involved in the study was predominantly chemisorption, where precipitation, ion exchange and surface complexation were involved in adsorption. BC<img>CaCO₃/TiO₂ was also tested on real acid mine drainage (AMD), with the successful removal of heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn) at a higher dosage of 2 g/L. This indicates the potential of the composite to treat both synthetic wastewater and real AMD, making BC<img>CaCO₃/TiO₂ a good prospect as a remediating adsorbent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100838"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144749453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herbicides vs herbicidal ionic liquids – does the herbicide application form affect the properties of active components?","authors":"Tereza Müllerová ,&nbsp;Wiktoria Wilms ,&nbsp;Michał Niemczak ,&nbsp;Anna Syguda ,&nbsp;Tomasz Rzemieniecki ,&nbsp;Marta Woźniak-Karczewska ,&nbsp;Jaroslav Semerád ,&nbsp;Zdena Škrob ,&nbsp;Jan Frouz ,&nbsp;Łukasz Chrzanowski ,&nbsp;Tomáš Cajthaml","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite extensive research on ionic liquids (ILs), their environmental fate remains poorly understood. Cation toxicity is generally considered the primary determinant of the final properties of the ILs. However, the relevance of cation-anion interactions after ILs are released into the environment requires insightful investigation. This study aimed to assess how natural-origin cations with varying toxicities, specifically choline and a derivative of morpholine, influence the degradation of ILs containing herbicidal anions—2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), in four distinct agricultural soils. We also examined the impact on soil microbial biodiversity and the potential hormonal activity of these compounds.</div><div>The results from 28-day degradation assays indicated that the addition of non-toxic hydrophilic cations did not significantly affect the environmental fate of IL-based herbicides. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis further confirmed that these cations had no discernible impact on soil biodiversity. However, a range of synthesized ILs displayed dose-dependent antiestrogenic activity, notably in benzyldecylmorpholinium chloride and ILs containing this cation. This suggests that the presence of specific cations, rather than anions, could contribute to unanticipated hormonal effects.</div><div>This study is critical as inappropriate actions could lead to adverse effects not evident from the anions alone. Given the limited investigation into the environmental impact of ILs, our findings underscore the importance of understanding the behavior and interactions of IL-derived cations and anions in ecosystems. Our results suggest that, once released into the environment, ILs dissociate into independent ions, indirectly influencing the environmental fate of the ILs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100830"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144756842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioaccumulation and homeostatic alterations in trout exposed to a sublethal dose of polystyrene nanoplastics","authors":"Irene Brandts ,&nbsp;Jennifer Lima ,&nbsp;Irene Garcia-Meilán ,&nbsp;Ali Reza Khansari ,&nbsp;Marta Llorca ,&nbsp;Marinella Farré ,&nbsp;Asta Tvarijonaviciute ,&nbsp;Joan Carles Balasch ,&nbsp;Mariana Teles","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The extensive use and improper disposal of plastic materials, along with the degradation processes undergone by plastic debris and the challenges in managing plastic waste, have increased the prevalence of nanoplastics (NPs) in aquatic environments and trophic webs. To refine the description of the effects of NPs in fish, this study evaluated the metabolic, immune, and oxidative stress responses of adult rainbow trout (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>) following oral exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs, 44 nm, 100 µg/L). A sublethal concentration of PS-NPs was administered via oral intubation to quantify bioaccumulation and deviations from homeostasis in blood, intestine, liver, head kidney, and spleen, 96 h post-exposure. PS-NPs accumulated predominantly in the gut and blood but were absent in the liver. Haematological analyses revealed decreased heterophil counts and increased mononuclear cells, while other parameters remained unchanged. Plasma analyses showed reduced cortisol levels, elevated triglycerides, and increased alkaline phosphatase activity. Gene expression profiling indicated modulation of immune and lipid metabolism pathways. Oxidative stress markers were largely unaltered, except for changes in catalase activity in the gut and liver. No histopathological damage was observed in the intestinal tissue. Overall, sublethal oral exposure to PS-NPs leads to selective accumulation and subtle immune and metabolic effects in rainbow trout, highlighting the need for further ecological investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100836"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144763934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-exposure toxicity of microplastic and sumithion in Nile tilapia – changes in growth, hematology, histopathology of internal tissues and immune-antioxidant genes expression","authors":"Md Ahsanul Haque ,&nbsp;Mobassir Bin Anwar ,&nbsp;AKM Afzal Hossain ,&nbsp;Saad Ahmed ,&nbsp;Md Mahiuddin Zahangir ,&nbsp;Md Shahjahan","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread contamination of aquatic environment by microplastics (MP) and chemical pollutants, including pesticides, pose a severe threat to aquatic organisms. This research investigates the cumulative toxicity of polyamide microplastics (PA-MP) and the organophosphate pesticides sumithion (Sum) on Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>). Over the course of 42 days, the fish were subjected to three exposure treatments; 10 mg/L PA-MP, 0.3 mg/L Sum, and a combined exposure to both (MP + Sum), including a control (without MP and Sum). The primary focus of this study was to evaluate growth parameters, hematological indices, tissue histopathology, and the expressions of genes linked to immune regulation and anti-oxidant responses. Co-exposure to MP + Sum led to a significant reduction in growth attributes including final body weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate (SGR), while impaired feed utilization may reflect diminished metabolic efficiency. Hematological analysis revealed a significant rise in blood glucose levels and a decline in the hemoglobin concentration in the co-exposure group, pointing to stress-induced metabolic imbalances. In addition, erythrocyte morphology exhibited notable alterations with common occurrences of karyopyknosis, nuclear bridges, and micronuclei, suggesting genotoxic effects. The histopathological changes observed in gill such as secondary lamellar degeneration, clubbing, hyperplasia of chloride cell, and intestinal tissues including degeneration of columnar epithelium, hyperplasia of intestinal mucosa, degeneration of lamina propria from epithelium, reinforced the severity of the combined exposure. The upregulation of immune-related genes like <em>TNF-α</em>, and <em>IFN-γ</em>, pointing to an inflammatory response, whereas the downregulation of <em>IL-1β</em> and <em>SOD</em> highlighted a declined in both antioxidant and immune-responses. This underscores the enhanced toxicity caused by the simultaneous exposure to microplastic and pesticide pollutants and highlights the urgent need for integrated approaches to pollution management in aquatic ecosystems to mitigate these synergistic effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100840"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}