Journal of hazardous materials advances最新文献

{"title":"Rapid sulfate radical-driven inactivation of Pseudocohnilembus persalinus by an ozone/potassium peroxymonosulfate advanced oxidation process","authors":"Yuwei Cui ,&nbsp;Jingfeng Jia ,&nbsp;Yi Lu ,&nbsp;Lizhao Qin ,&nbsp;Xiaojuan Shao ,&nbsp;Wulong Jiang ,&nbsp;Yilong Liu ,&nbsp;Zhongming Huo ,&nbsp;Hua Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pseudocohnilembus persalinus, an opportunistic scuticociliate, poses a significant biological hazard in intensive marine aquaculture, causing scuticociliatosis, rapid transmission, and substantial economic losses under high-density farming conditions. Developing rapid and efficient control strategies is therefore critical. Here, the inactivation performance and mechanisms of an ozone/potassium peroxymonosulfate (O₃/PMS) advanced oxidation process were investigated. Complete inactivation was achieved within 60 s using 2 mmol·L⁻¹ PMS with O₃ aeration (10 g·h⁻¹), compared to 140 s for O₃ alone. Under mildly acidic conditions (pH 5.0–6.0), complete inactivation occurred within 20 s. Mechanistic analyses showed that O₃/PMS induced severe structural damage, including ciliary detachment, membrane disruption, and intracellular leakage. Electron paramagnetic resonance confirmed sulfate radicals (SO₄•⁻) as the dominant reactive species. Cell viability decreased by &gt;80% within 60 s, accompanied by DNA fragmentation. Transcriptomic results revealed significant perturbations in oxidative stress response, cytoskeletal repair, and metabolic pathways. These findings demonstrate that SO₄•⁻-dominated oxidation enables rapid and effective control of protozoan hazards in aquaculture systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101192"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient Schweizer’s reagent-based protocol for microplastic extraction from fecal samples: Toward standardized human biomonitoring","authors":"Miloš Ilić ,&nbsp;Tamara Mutić ,&nbsp;Dragana Stanić-Vučinić ,&nbsp;Ivana Banić ,&nbsp;Mirjana Turkalj ,&nbsp;Jelena Mutić ,&nbsp;Tanja Cirkovic Velickovic","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reliable methods for the isolation of microplastics (MPs) from human feces are essential for advancing exposure and health risk assessment. However, the cellulose-rich fecal matrix is analytically very challenging. This study evaluated two different pre-treatments in protocols for MPs isolation from fecal samples. Protocol A, involved pre-treatment with a urea/thiourea/KOH (UTS) solution, followed by a comprehensive four-step digestion process (acidic, enzymatic, alkaline, and oxidative digestion) and Protocol B, involved Schweizer’s reagent (copper(II) hydroxide in ammonium hydroxide, SR) for pre-treatment, followed by the same four digestion steps. The protocol based on SR pre-treatment was further optimized. The developed protocol achieved &gt;99.8% removal of biological matrix and a 98 ± 3% recovery rate across five polymer standards, without interfering with polymer identification by µ-FTIR. The method was successfully applied to children’s stool samples, detecting MPs in 7 of 14 cases with concentrations ranging from 1.18 to 7.25 items g⁻¹ feces. The size of the detected MPs ranged from 40 to 300 μm. Polyethylene was the dominant polymer (56%), and fragments represented the main morphology (69%). Compared to conventional digestion workflows, the SR-based approach offers clear advantages in efficiency, reproducibility, and cost, making it well-suited for routine application in clinical and environmental health laboratories. By facilitating standardization in fecal MP analysis, this method may provide a practical tool for large-scale biomonitoring studies. Building on its established use in ASTM <span><span>D8333</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> for water and wastewater, this is the first application of SR to cellulose-rich biological matrices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101184"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental toxicity of selected aminoglycoside antibiotics to Lemna minor","authors":"Tilen Vake,&nbsp;Lina Krulec,&nbsp;Petra Kubelj,&nbsp;Tomaž Snoj","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aminoglycoside antibiotics (AGs) are widely used in human and veterinary medicine. After administration, AGs undergo minimal metabolism and are excreted in their active form, contributing to their presence in the environment. The aim of our study was to determine the ecotoxicological characteristics of five AGs commonly used in human and veterinary medicine: gentamicin, neomycin, spectinomycin, streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin. Their effects on growth and chlorophyll synthesis were investigated under laboratory conditions using the model plant organism <em>Lemna minor</em>. For each AG, logarithmic dilution was performed to yield test solutions with concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 100 mg/L. In the growth inhibition test, low concentrations of spectinomycin and streptomycin stimulated the growth of <em>Lemna minor</em>. The lowest EC₅₀ values, indicating the greatest toxicity, were detected for gentamicin and dihydrostreptomycin, at 0.397 and 0.625 mg/L, respectively. The results of the chlorophyll synthesis test revealed that neomycin and gentamicin had the lowest EC₅₀ values, at 45.33 and 56.01 mg/L, respectively. The other AGs tested did not notably affect chlorophyll synthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101186"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of atmospheric microplastic in a montane Fagus sylvatica forest in central Italy using handheld active aerosol samplers","authors":"Malin Klein ,&nbsp;Jocelyn Meyer ,&nbsp;Ettore D’Andrea ,&nbsp;Negar Rezaie ,&nbsp;Giorgio Matteucci ,&nbsp;Elke K. Fischer","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The atmospheric transport of microplastics plays a critical role in understanding input rates and distribution patterns across ecosystems. Forest ecosystems remain understudied with regard to microplastic contamination. Within this study we aim to evaluate microplastic concentrations in the air of a montane <em>Fagus sylvatica</em> forest and to identify influencing factors on sampling sites of different altitudes during the vegetation and dormant seasons, using a vertical and horizontal spatial approach. The methodology integrated simultaneous, parallel sampling with portable active aerosol samplers at multiple heights beneath the canopy. Sampling was conducted along a transect from outside towards the margins to the interior of three forests of different altitudes. Laboratory analyses featured minimal chemical application, with microplastics identified via fluorescence microscopy and µRaman spectroscopy. We observed average microplastic concentrations of 11.9 ± 7.1 MP/m³, with fragments dominating and a median size of 12 µm. Results indicated significantly higher microplastic transport into the area during summer (14.9 MP/m³) compared to autumn (8.7 MP/m³), with altitudinal differences influenced by proximity to potential sources related to human activities. Particle concentrations varied by up to 39.8 % between sampling heights, with the lowest mean abundances observed at medium height compared to under canopy and crown height. However, no significant differences were detected in the vertical or horizontal distribution. The variability among parallel samples and across sampling heights highlights the importance of this sampling approach for enhancing statistical robustness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101198"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147849933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residential water hardness and incident chronic kidney disease: A causal inference analysis in a prospective cohort study","authors":"Xiaoyu Sun ,&nbsp;Jinwei Wang ,&nbsp;Chao Yang ,&nbsp;Xueyan Bian ,&nbsp;Jianwei Ma ,&nbsp;Feifei Zhang ,&nbsp;Luxia Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a global health burden, yet the impact of drinking water mineral content—especially hardness—on CKD development is poorly understood and causal evidence is limited. This study investigated the association between long-term exposure to water hardness and incident CKD risk using causal-inference approaches.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We followed 488,663 UK Biobank participants enrolled 2006–2010 without CKD for ≥1 year, tracking health outcomes to 2022 via linked records. Residential water hardness (CaCO₃ equivalents, Ca, Mg) was quantified by postcode and analyzed as USGS/WHO categories, quartiles, and continuous variables. Incident CKD (ICD-10 N18) associations were assessed using multivariable Cox models adjusted for demographics, lifestyle, clinical factors, and PRS tertiles. Nonlinear trends were evaluated with penalized splines. To probe causality, we implemented causal-inference approaches including generalized propensity score-adjusted and inverse-probability weighting-weighted modeling.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over a median follow-up of 13.7 years, 21,091 of 488,663 participants (4.3%) developed CKD. Compared with the lowest CaCO₃ quartile, the highest quartile had a HR of 1.05 (95% CI 1.01–1.10). CaCO₃, Ca, and Mg per IQR were associated with HRs of 1.03 (1.00–1.06), 1.12 (1.08–1.16), and 1.08 (1.07–1.09), respectively. USGS moderate (60–120 mg/L) and very hard (&gt;180 mg/L) categories, and WHO-defined hardness (≥200 mg/L), showed elevated CKD hazards. Nonlinear splines indicated plateauing at high concentrations. Causal analyses produced broadly concordant mineral-specific signals, although composite CaCO₃ patterns were sensitive to model specification. Stronger associations were observed among older adults, smokers, unemployed participants, non-diabetics, and participants with hypertension, with no modification by sex or genetic risk.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Elevated domestic water hardness—particularly Ca and Mg concentrations—was modestly associated with increased CKD risk, suggesting the potential inclusion of water mineral content in renal disease prevention strategies. While causal-inference methods largely corroborated mineral-specific associations, definitive causal claims remain limited by exposure misclassification, potential unmeasured co-contaminants, and the assumptions underlying the causal approaches used in the study. Further studies with individual-level water measurements and broader contaminant panels are needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101187"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147849864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioassay-informed machine learning framework for detecting salinity interference in freshwater toxicity assessments","authors":"Hojun Lee ,&nbsp;Duc-Viet Nguyen ,&nbsp;Hyunju Cho ,&nbsp;Kisik Shin ,&nbsp;Taejun Han ,&nbsp;Jihae Park","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Salinity-induced interference remains a persistent challenge in freshwater ecotoxicity assessment because elevated ionic strength can trigger organism-level stress responses that confound the interpretation of chemically mediated toxicity. Such effects may inflate toxicity units (TUs), complicating the separation of intrinsic contaminant toxicity from salinity-driven physiological stress. Here, we present a bioassay-informed machine-learning framework that translates multi-species TU signatures into an interpretable binary classification model based on responses of the salinity-sensitive crustacean <em>Daphnia magna</em>, freshwater macrophyte <em>Lemna minor,</em> and euryhaline macroalga <em>Ulva australis</em>. TU profiling supported the use of <em>U. australis</em> as a salinity-tolerant reference and enabled the construction of biologically grounded interference labels for supervised learning. Among logistic regression, random forest (RF), and gradient boosting models, RF showed balanced performance under repeated stratified five-fold cross-validation (100 repeats). A reduced five-variable RF model (dissolved oxygen, copper, selenium, chromium, and zinc) achieved an AUROC of 0.781 under the same cross-validation protocol (100 repeats); given the limited sample size, this result should be interpreted as evidence that dominant signals can be retained under dimensionality reduction rather than as improved generalization. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) indicated that dissolved oxygen and selected trace metals contributed most strongly to model predictions within this dataset, consistent with known redox- and metal-associated stress pathways. Overall, this study provides a proof-of-concept explainable framework for flagging salinity-associated interference patterns in ecotoxicity testing, while emphasizing that external validation using larger geographically independent datasets is required before broader operational or regulatory use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101204"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147849876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulating water pollution accidents in Asan Lake: Toward proactive water pollution management","authors":"Hye Yeon Oh ,&nbsp;Yu Kyeong Jeon ,&nbsp;Hye Won Lee ,&nbsp;Eun Jung Kim ,&nbsp;Jung Hyun Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As populations increase and new and diverse industries are developed, surface water pollution accidents have been increasing; moreover, the management and control of these accidents have become more difficult. To implement appropriate control measures, water pollution accidents must be responded to promptly and accurately. Therefore, prediction systems should be developed using a modeling approach based on-site monitoring data.</div><div>This study established a water pollution accident prediction system based on the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code Plus (EFDC+) for the Asan Lake watershed in Korea. The system was applied to reconstruct a real ethylenediamine (ED)–methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) spill event in 2024 with high hydrodynamic and water quality model reliability. Scenario analyses were conducted by varying discharge, season (winter vs. summer cultivation), and pollutant type (ED, MEK, or phenol).</div><div>The results indicate that higher discharge led to earlier pollutant arrival, higher peak concentrations, and longer persistence. Summer stratification induced vertical concentration differences and prolonged stagnation in mid-downstream sections (M-4 and M-5). Phenol exceeded drinking-water criteria for &gt;30 days in lake-like zones. Risk quotient evaluation indicated basin-wide risks for ED and phenol under certain conditions, and acute risks for MEK mainly near the upstream accident section. These findings provide a scientific basis for improving water pollution accident management and establishing proactive and post-accident response strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101174"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147850033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable mercury monitoring using graphitic carbon nitride as a 2D binding layer in diffusive gradient thin films","authors":"Dmitrii Deev ,&nbsp;Raghuraj Singh Chouhan ,&nbsp;Igor Živković ,&nbsp;Ermira Begu ,&nbsp;Ana Drinčić ,&nbsp;Francisco Ruiz-Zepeda ,&nbsp;Andraž Krajnc ,&nbsp;Ivan Jerman ,&nbsp;Roman Viter ,&nbsp;Aleš Lapanje ,&nbsp;Milena Horvat","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mercury (Hg) is a highly toxic and persistent environmental pollutant whose accurate monitoring remains challenging due to limitations in existing diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) binding materials, including insufficient selectivity, complex synthesis, and sustainability concerns. In this study, we report the first application of graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) nanosheets as a metal-free and sustainable binding material for Hg²⁺ monitoring in DGT systems, addressing key limitations of current approaches. Few-layer GCN nanosheets were synthesized via thermal polymerization followed by protonation-assisted exfoliation and comprehensively characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).</div><div>These analyses confirmed the formation of a structurally stable, nitrogen-rich framework with abundant coordination sites. The GCN–agarose (AG–GCN) composite binding layer demonstrated high mercury binding efficiency (&gt;90%) at environmentally relevant concentrations (2.5–10 ng/mL) and near-neutral pH, attributed to strong coordination between Hg²⁺ ions and electron-donating nitrogen sites within the heptazine structure.</div><div>Compared to conventional DGT binding phases, the proposed system offers enhanced sustainability, metal-free composition, and strong affinity toward mercury, highlighting its potential for next-generation passive environmental monitoring and advanced nanomaterial-based sensing platforms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101190"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological restoration mitigates heavy metal pollution in rubber monocultures: Quantifying risk reduction and anthropogenic source control","authors":"Zi-Yan Chen ,&nbsp;Xian-Meng Shi ,&nbsp;Sujan Balami ,&nbsp;Hao Yuan ,&nbsp;Liang Song","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The expansion of rubber (<em>Hevea brasiliensis</em>) monocultures has fundamentally reconfigured tropical landscapes, yet the efficacy of ecological restoration in mitigating associated soil heavy metals (HMs) pollution remains insufficiently quantified. Employing a space-for-time substitution approach, this study evaluated the pollution characteristics, ecological risks, and sources of eight HMs across four forest types in Southwest China, which form two parallel restoration chronosequences from rubber monocultures (RM) towards mature rainforests (MF): a natural succession (RM–naturally restored forests, NF–MF) and an artificial restoration (RM–artificially restored forests, AF–MF). Empirical analyses revealed pronounced enrichment of Mercury (Hg) and Cadmium (Cd) within RM soils, driven primarily by legacy agrochemical inputs. Ecological restoration precipitated a substantial mitigation of potential ecological risks: relative to RM, the Nemerow Integrated Risk Index (NIRI) declined by 94.8 % in AF and 78.7 % in NF, with AF attaining risk baselines analogous to the climax rainforest reference. Source apportionment via Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) identified anthropogenic activities—specifically agricultural practices (31.5 %) and traffic emissions (26.7 %)—as the predominant drivers of topsoil HMs accumulation, overriding natural pedogenic contributions. Furthermore, Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) elucidated a dual-pathway mechanism for this risk mitigation, demonstrating that restoration relies primarily on cutting off exogenous anthropogenic inputs, while secondarily enhancing the buffering capacity of the soil microenvironment. Consequently, a spatially differentiated “Restoration-Source Control” framework integrating active restoration within plantation interiors with the establishment of vegetative bio-barriers along transport corridors is proposed. These findings provide quantitative evidence that ecological restoration, when coupled with targeted source abatement, is a robust remediation strategy for HMs contamination in tropical agro-ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101203"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147849944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding chlorinated organic compounds removal mechanisms in full-scale electrokinetic remediation systems","authors":"Jesus Fernández-Cascán ,&nbsp;Bryan Tiban-Anrango ,&nbsp;Joaquín Guadaño ,&nbsp;Cristina Sáez ,&nbsp;Manuel Andrés Rodrigo","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a full-scale enhanced electrokinetic remediation (EKR) experiment aimed at recovering chlorinated organic compounds (COCs) and elucidating their removal mechanisms in contaminated sludge. The experiment was conducted at the lixiviate pond of the Sardas landfill within a 2 × 2 m² plot, where COC concentrations initially ranged from 0.3 to 276.0 mmol kg^-1 (90 mg kg^-1 to 83,000 mg kg^-1). The hypothesis driving this work is that thermal-induced volatilisation is the dominant removal pathway at the field scale. The findings underscore the volatile nature of COCs and the need for targeted recovery strategies. Despite achieving the targeted reduction in COC concentration after 120 h (&gt;44%) via volatilisation, recovery in flushing fluids, condensate, and filters was minimal (&lt;1%), indicating that, despite having the specialised gas-collector design, the capture was not successful, potentially due to the composition of the volatilised gases. Complementary lab-scale N₂-stripping experiments conducted at temperatures ranging from 25 °C to 75 °C simulated sludge heating and revealed that volatilisation significantly increases with temperature, but also diminishes COC capturing in common adsorbents and absorbents, confirming the thermal sensitivity of COC removal, and helping to understand the results obtained in the larger-scale test. Overall, this work advances understanding of large-scale EKR processes and highlights the advantages and challenges for efficient site decontamination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101182"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}