Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice最新文献

{"title":"Feasibility of a Home-Based Task-Switching Training in Middle-Aged Caregivers.","authors":"Sarah Susanne Lütke Lanfer,&nbsp;Sören Enge,&nbsp;Marlen Melzer,&nbsp;Jürgen Wegge,&nbsp;Matthias Kliegel","doi":"10.1007/s41465-021-00237-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-021-00237-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study aimed at investigating feasibility of a self-administered task-switching training in a middle-aged working population. Eighty-one caregivers (41-62 years old) were instructed to train at home 8 times either within a 7- or 14-day interval. Only 56.7% performed more than 50% of the instructed number of training sessions. However, compliant caregivers (who completed more than 4 training sessions) showed significant training gains and transfer to an untrained task-switching task. Although transfer effects to other cognitive tasks were not found, trained participants tended to report fewer everyday memory failures than a control group. In conclusion, the implementation of a home-based task-switching training in everyday life of caregivers is possible. However, there is only limited evidence for generalization of results of previous laboratory studies. Adherence and transfer to other cognitive tasks are discussed as important challenges in conveying laboratory findings into real life.</p>","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":" ","pages":"295-315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9360113/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40627577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"sFEra APP: Description and Usability of a Novel Tablet Application for Executive Functions Training.","authors":"Carol Coricelli,&nbsp;Marilena Aiello,&nbsp;Alberta Lunardelli,&nbsp;Giulia Galli,&nbsp;Raffaella Ida Rumiati","doi":"10.1007/s41465-022-00245-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-022-00245-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Executive functions include functions such as planning, working memory, inhibition, mental flexibility, and action monitoring and initiation, and are essential to carry out an independent everyday life. Individuals suffering from brain injury, such as a stroke, very commonly experience executive deficits that reduce the capacity to regain functional independence. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in developing tablet computer-based cognitive training programs for stroke patients and healthy aging adults since such programs can be included in non-supervised environments. In this respect, we described and evaluated the usability of a novel tablet application (app) for executive function training, developed in the context of the MEMORI-net project, a cross-border Italy-Slovenia program for the rehabilitation of stroke patients. We conducted a pilot study with a non-clinical sample of 16 participants to obtain information about the usability of the sFEra APP. Our descriptive analyses suggest that most users were satisfied with the overall experience and the app was highly usable, and instructions were clear, even with little previous experience with tablet applications. Acceptability and effectiveness will need to be evaluated in a clinical randomized controlled study.</p>","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":" ","pages":"389-401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9201496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40164815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Editor-in-Chief Editorial.","authors":"C Shawn Green","doi":"10.1007/s41465-022-00251-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-022-00251-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":"6 4","pages":"453-454"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9378255/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40645571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Five Years of Journal of Cognitive Enhancement.","authors":"Lorenza S Colzato","doi":"10.1007/s41465-022-00239-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41465-022-00239-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8889051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44323377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Different Theta and Beta Neurofeedback Training Protocols on Cognitive Control in ADHD.","authors":"Annet Bluschke,&nbsp;Elena Eggert,&nbsp;Julia Friedrich,&nbsp;Roula Jamous,&nbsp;Astrid Prochnow,&nbsp;Charlotte Pscherer,&nbsp;Marie Luise Schreiter,&nbsp;Benjamin Teufert,&nbsp;Veit Roessner,&nbsp;Christian Beste","doi":"10.1007/s41465-022-00255-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-022-00255-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurofeedback (NF) is an important treatment for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In ADHD, cognitive control deficits pose considerable problems to patients. However, NF protocols are not yet optimized to enhance cognitive control alongside with clinical symptoms, partly because they are not driven by basic cognitive neuroscience. In this study, we evaluated different EEG theta and/or beta frequency band NF protocols designed to enhance cognitive control. Participants were <i>n</i> = 157 children and adolescents, <i>n</i> = 129 of them were patients with ADHD (<i>n</i> = 28 typically developing (TD) controls). Patients with ADHD were divided into five groups in the order of referral, with four of them taking part in different NF protocols systematically varying theta and beta power. The fifth ADHD group and the TD group did not undergo NF. All NF protocols resulted in reductions of ADHD symptoms. Importantly, only when beta frequencies were enhanced during NF (without any theta regulation or in combination with theta upregulation), consistent enhancing effects in both response inhibition and conflict control were achieved. The theta/beta NF protocol most widely used in clinical settings revealed comparatively limited effects. Enhancements in beta band activity are key when aiming to improve cognitive control functions in ADHD. This calls for a change in the use of theta/beta NF protocols and shows that protocols differing from the current clinical standard are effective in enhancing important facets of cognitive control in ADHD. Further studies need to examine regulation data within the neurofeedback sessions to provide more information about the mechanisms underlying the observed effects.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41465-022-00255-6.</p>","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":"6 4","pages":"463-477"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9638270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40683999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parents' Perceptions on the Debated Parenting Practice of Cognitive Enhancement in Healthy Children and Adolescents.","authors":"Kati Hiltrop,&nbsp;Sebastian Sattler","doi":"10.1007/s41465-022-00243-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-022-00243-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>First evidence shows that some parents engage in the health-endangering practice of (mis-)using prescription drugs to boost their children's school performance. But little is known about parental perspectives on this phenomenon. This study aims to better understand parents' perspectives on the non-medical use of prescription drugs to improve healthy children's cognitive functioning. We conducted twelve semi-structured face-to-face interviews with a diverse sample of parents in Germany, and applied qualitative content analysis to explore their perspectives on instrumentalizing prescription drugs for improving the performance of healthy children, including their underlying knowledge (gaps), moral evaluations, evaluations of accompanied risks and benefits, opinions on potential motivators, and wishes regarding policy-making. The results show that parents typically believed themselves knowledgeable about such prescription drug (mis-)use, although they were not aware of anyone in their social environment taking them for enhancement. Parents generally considered such behavior to be morally reprehensible, cheating, and similar to doping in sports, and they typically claimed that no situation or occasion could motivate them to administer prescription drugs to their healthy children. Health risks (including side effects or addiction) were a typical expectation of drug use. That doctors should give such drugs to healthy young people was seen as unjustifiable. The results suggest that morality and risk-benefit evaluations of parents play a major role in their decision-making concerning this potentially risky instrumentalization of non-medical drugs. These insights are of distinct importance, especially for future research and further discussions on this topic, such as an evidence-based public dialog and ethics debates.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41465-022-00243-w.</p>","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":" ","pages":"373-388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9360129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40613609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theta Neurofeedback Training Supports Motor Performance and Flow Experience.","authors":"Kathrin C J Eschmann,&nbsp;Lisa Riedel,&nbsp;Axel Mecklinger","doi":"10.1007/s41465-021-00236-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-021-00236-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flow is defined as a cognitive state that is associated with a feeling of automatic and effortless control, enabling peak performance in highly challenging situations. In sports, flow can be enhanced by mindfulness training, which has been associated with frontal theta activity (4-8 Hz). Moreover, frontal-midline theta oscillations were shown to subserve control processes in a large variety of cognitive tasks. Based on previous theta neurofeedback training studies, which revealed that one training session is sufficient to enhance motor performance, the present study investigated whether one 30-minute session of frontal-midline theta neurofeedback training (1) enhances flow experience additionally to motor performance in a finger tapping task, and (2) transfers to cognitive control processes in an <i>n</i>-back task. Participants, who were able to successfully upregulate their theta activity during neurofeedback training (responders), showed better motor performance and flow experience after training than participants, who did not enhance their theta activity (non-responders). Across all participants, increase of theta activity during training was associated with motor performance enhancement from pretest to posttest irrespective of pre-training performance. Interestingly, theta training gains were also linked to the increase of flow experience, even when corresponding increases in motor performance were controlled for. Results for the <i>n</i>-back task were not significant. Even though these findings are mainly correlational in nature and additional flow-promoting influences need to be investigated, the present findings suggest that frontal-midline theta neurofeedback training is a promising tool to support flow experience with additional relevance for performance enhancement.</p>","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":" ","pages":"434-450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9360146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40627575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual Reality as a Non-Pharmacological Adjunct to Reduce the Use of Analgesics in Hospitals.","authors":"Shunn Theingi, Ian Leopold, Tolulope Ola, Gary S Cohen, Hillel S Maresky","doi":"10.1007/s41465-021-00212-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41465-021-00212-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Virtual reality (VR) has become an increasingly viable non-pharmacological adjunct to reduce the use of analgesics in hospitals. Within the context of the ongoing opioid epidemic, VR can serve as an invaluable alternative to traditional pain management techniques. While VR research continues to advance, there is no clear consensus on the terms used to describe critical aspects of VR. This paper presents how immersion, presence, and agency encapsulate the VR experience and investigates the methods by which VR can relieve pain by changing users' cognition and perception of pain. Multiple clinical studies investigating VR efficacy indicate that higher degrees of immersion, presence, and agency are all correlated with greater pain reduction. These studies also demonstrate that VR analgesia is effective for patients with various medical conditions and for those undergoing painful medical procedures. Furthermore, the shared biological mechanisms between pain and anxiety suggest that reducing either through the use of VR will reduce the other. As a nascent field of research, VR analgesia has key obstacles to overcome in order to become a mainstream intervention for pain management in hospital settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":"6 1","pages":"108-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8022314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25580442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Useful Field of View Training to Enhance Older Adults' Cognitive and Motor Function: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Elizabeth M Hudak, Karen L Bell, Cidnee Hall, Lori D Grismore, Jake LaVere, Jerri D Edwards","doi":"10.1007/s41465-021-00219-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41465-021-00219-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Useful Field of View (UFOV) computerized cognitive training improves older adults' gait speed and balance and reduces dementia risk. We investigated a new form of UFOV training requiring physical movement, Training Under Cognitive Kinematics (TUCK). We hypothesized TUCK would be acceptable, feasible, and potentially efficacious to improve UFOV Test- and motor performance. Sixty-nine older adults were randomized to TUCK, computerized UFOV training, or an active control group. Cognitive- and motor function were assessed before and immediately after the intervention period. Participants rated TUCK as enjoyable, engaging and satisfying, indicating acceptability. Eighty-five percent of participants completed TUCK, demonstrating feasibility. Overall, effect sizes for TUCK did not indicate greater efficacy than computerized UFOV training relative to controls. UFOV training showed effect sizes indicating improved balance as measured by Turn 360 (<i>d</i>=0.37) and Optogait (<i>d</i>=0.51-0.69) from pre- to post- training relative to controls. Incorporating movement into UFOV cognitive training did not enhance cognitive or motor functional gains. Future investigations are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of UFOV cognitive training to enhance motor function. Research should continue to investigate the association of cognitive and motor function and interventions to improve these outcomes among older adults. The trial and planned analyses were pre-registered: https://osf.io/7utgw.</p>","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":"5 4","pages":"411-419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9536469/pdf/nihms-1784333.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33496267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Individual Differences as Predictors of Performance Change During Dual-N-Back Training.","authors":"Per T Ørskov,&nbsp;Anne Norup,&nbsp;Erin L Beatty,&nbsp;Susanne M Jaeggi","doi":"10.1007/s41465-021-00216-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-021-00216-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In working memory training studies, individual trajectories are known to vary considerably between participants. A better understanding of how individual differences affect training outcomes is important because it might inform the development of more effective training interventions. This study explored how measures of working memory, intelligence, sustained attention, training motivation, mindset, psychological well-being, perceived stress, and sleep quality affect initial training performance and rate of change. A total of 217 upper secondary students completed 12 weeks of adaptive dual-n-back in a classroom setting. We analyzed their self-reported training data using latent growth curve modeling. We found that working memory and intelligence predicted both, initial training performance and rate of performance change. Sustained attention and sleep quality predicted initial performance, but not the rate of change. Furthermore, we observed that participants who completed the intervention scored significantly higher on measures of working memory and intelligence and reported lower levels of perceived stress and higher levels of sleep quality at baseline compared to dropouts. In general, our study supports the magnification account with higher ability individuals starting out at a higher performance level and showing a higher rate of performance change, and moreover, being more likely to adhere to the training protocol.</p>","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":" ","pages":"480-498"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41465-021-00216-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40343119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}