Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice最新文献

{"title":"Domain-Specific Inhibitory Control Training to Improve Children's Learning of Counterintuitive Concepts in Mathematics and Science.","authors":"Hannah R Wilkinson, Claire Smid, Su Morris, Emily K Farran, Iroise Dumontheil, Sveta Mayer, Andrew Tolmie, Derek Bell, Kaśka Porayska-Pomsta, Wayne Holmes, Denis Mareschal, Michael S C Thomas","doi":"10.1007/s41465-019-00161-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41465-019-00161-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evidence from cognitive neuroscience suggests that learning counterintuitive concepts in mathematics and science requires inhibitory control (IC). This prevents interference from misleading perceptual cues and naïve theories children have built from their experiences of the world. Here, we (1) investigate associations between IC, counterintuitive reasoning, and academic achievement and (2) evaluate a classroom-based computerised intervention, called Stop & Think, designed to embed IC training within the learning domain (i.e. mathematics and science content from the school curricula). Cross-sectional analyses of data from 627 children in Years 3 and 5 (7- to 10-year-olds) demonstrated that IC, measured on a Stroop-like task, was associated with counterintuitive reasoning and mathematics and science achievement. A subsample (<i>n</i> = 456) participated either in Stop & Think as a whole-class activity (teacher-led, STT) or using individual computers (pupil-led, STP), or had teaching as usual (TAU). For Year 3 children (but not Year 5), Stop & Think led to better counterintuitive reasoning (i.e. near transfer) in STT (<i>p</i> < .001, η_p ² = .067) and STP (<i>p</i> < .01, η_p ² = .041) compared to TAU. Achievement data was not available for Year 3 STP or Year 5 STT. For Year 3, STT led to better science achievement (i.e. far transfer) compared to TAU (<i>p</i> < .05, η_p ² = .077). There was no transfer to the Stroop-like measure of IC. Overall, these findings support the idea that IC may contribute to counterintuitive reasoning and mathematics and science achievement. Further, we provide preliminary evidence of a domain-specific IC intervention with transferable benefits to academic achievement for Year 3 children.</p>","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":"4 3","pages":"296-314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7410229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38294131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Randomised Experiment Evaluating the Mindful Raisin Practice as a Method of Reducing Chocolate Consumption During and After a Mindless Activity","authors":"M. Mantzios, H. Egan, Tayaba Asif","doi":"10.1007/s41465-019-00159-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-019-00159-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":"4 1","pages":"250 - 257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41465-019-00159-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42316920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex Hormones as Cognitive Enhancers?","authors":"F. Pozo Nuñez, M. J. Maraver, L. Colzato","doi":"10.1007/s41465-019-00156-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-019-00156-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":"4 1","pages":"228 - 233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41465-019-00156-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53192004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of a Sustained Cognitive Engagement Intervention on Cognitive Variability: The Synapse Project.","authors":"Christopher R Brydges,&nbsp;Allison A M Bielak","doi":"10.1007/s41465-019-00140-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-019-00140-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Interest in maintaining one's cognitive ability and quality of life through older adulthood has greatly increased in recent years. However, research examining the effectiveness of cognitive engagement interventions on older adults is mixed and the mechanisms behind improving cognition in older age are unknown. It is possible that traditional measures of cognitive outcomes, such as average reaction time, may overlook potential benefits due to a lack of sensitivity in these measures. One alternative metric is intraindividual variability (IIV) in response speed (short-term variations in performance on reaction time tasks), which reflects fluctuations in attention and is a sensitive behavioral measure of neurological integrity that is predictive of future cognitive decline and impairment.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current study aimed to investigate whether IIV was improved in older adults through productive cognitive engagement (i.e., acquisition of new skills) in comparison to receptive engagement (activities that rely upon existing knowledge).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were 173 typically aging adults aged 60-90 years who were recruited to the Synapse Project and randomly allocated to a productive engagement activity (learning to quilt and/or conduct digital photography) or receptive engagement activity (socializing, or placebo cognitive tasks such as completing crosswords). Participants completed three flanker tasks at baseline and after completing the 14-week intervention program. IIV was calculated as the trial-to-trial variability in responding to congruent and incongruent trials in each task.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Neither traditional intent-to-treat nor complier average causal effect modeling analyses showed any significant improvements in IIV for either intervention group. Further, Bayesian analyses showed that there was moderate evidence in favor of the null hypothesis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>An intensive cognitive activity intervention did not result in a reduction in IIV. We suggest that intervention programs may need to specifically engage cognitive domains associated with IIV (i.e., attention, executive control) for improvements to be observed. Additionally, other design factors such as using a longer duration and/or applying the intervention to atypically aging groups, such as those with mild cognitive impairment, may increase the likelihood of significantly reducing IIV via an intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":"3 4","pages":"365-375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41465-019-00140-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38256941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Complexity on Training for Exploration of Non-intuitive Rules in Theory of Mind","authors":"N. Yuviler-Gavish, Doron Faran, Mark Berman","doi":"10.1007/s41465-019-00158-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-019-00158-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":"4 1","pages":"323 - 332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41465-019-00158-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53192146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No Effect of Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation to Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex on Naturalistic Prospective Memory in Healthy Young and Older Adults","authors":"Nathan S. Rose, Hannah Thomson, M. Kliegel","doi":"10.1007/s41465-019-00155-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-019-00155-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":"4 1","pages":"211 - 218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41465-019-00155-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45400702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No Evidence for Enhancing Prospective Memory with Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Across Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex","authors":"Derek M Ellis, Gianne K. G. Veloria, Ciera R. Arnett, Anne E. Vogel, Margarida Pitães, Gene A. Brewer","doi":"10.1007/s41465-019-00153-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-019-00153-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":"4 1","pages":"333 - 339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41465-019-00153-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44466392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation (tVNS) on Conflict-Related Behavioral Performance and Frontal Midline Theta Activity","authors":"M. Keute, Daniel Barth, M. Liebrand, H. Heinze, U. Kraemer, T. Zaehle","doi":"10.1007/s41465-019-00152-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-019-00152-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":"4 1","pages":"121 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41465-019-00152-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45816276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Working Memory Training Is Associated with Changes in Resting State Functional Connectivity in Children Who Were Born Extremely Preterm: a Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"C. Tseng, Leona Pascoe, G. Roberts, L. Doyle, Katherine J. Lee, Deanne K. Thompson, M. Seal, Elisha K Josev, Jian Chen, C. Nosarti, P. Anderson","doi":"10.1007/s41465-019-00150-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-019-00150-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":"3 1","pages":"376 - 387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41465-019-00150-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42731157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Psychedelic Drugs Attenuate Age-Related Changes in Cognition and Affect?","authors":"Jacob S. Aday, Emily K Bloesch, Christopher Davoli","doi":"10.1007/s41465-019-00151-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-019-00151-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":"4 1","pages":"219 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41465-019-00151-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53191918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}