Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice最新文献

{"title":"The Impact of a Sustained Cognitive Engagement Intervention on Cognitive Variability: The Synapse Project.","authors":"Christopher R Brydges,&nbsp;Allison A M Bielak","doi":"10.1007/s41465-019-00140-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-019-00140-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Interest in maintaining one's cognitive ability and quality of life through older adulthood has greatly increased in recent years. However, research examining the effectiveness of cognitive engagement interventions on older adults is mixed and the mechanisms behind improving cognition in older age are unknown. It is possible that traditional measures of cognitive outcomes, such as average reaction time, may overlook potential benefits due to a lack of sensitivity in these measures. One alternative metric is intraindividual variability (IIV) in response speed (short-term variations in performance on reaction time tasks), which reflects fluctuations in attention and is a sensitive behavioral measure of neurological integrity that is predictive of future cognitive decline and impairment.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current study aimed to investigate whether IIV was improved in older adults through productive cognitive engagement (i.e., acquisition of new skills) in comparison to receptive engagement (activities that rely upon existing knowledge).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were 173 typically aging adults aged 60-90 years who were recruited to the Synapse Project and randomly allocated to a productive engagement activity (learning to quilt and/or conduct digital photography) or receptive engagement activity (socializing, or placebo cognitive tasks such as completing crosswords). Participants completed three flanker tasks at baseline and after completing the 14-week intervention program. IIV was calculated as the trial-to-trial variability in responding to congruent and incongruent trials in each task.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Neither traditional intent-to-treat nor complier average causal effect modeling analyses showed any significant improvements in IIV for either intervention group. Further, Bayesian analyses showed that there was moderate evidence in favor of the null hypothesis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>An intensive cognitive activity intervention did not result in a reduction in IIV. We suggest that intervention programs may need to specifically engage cognitive domains associated with IIV (i.e., attention, executive control) for improvements to be observed. Additionally, other design factors such as using a longer duration and/or applying the intervention to atypically aging groups, such as those with mild cognitive impairment, may increase the likelihood of significantly reducing IIV via an intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41465-019-00140-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38256941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Complexity on Training for Exploration of Non-intuitive Rules in Theory of Mind","authors":"N. Yuviler-Gavish, Doron Faran, Mark Berman","doi":"10.1007/s41465-019-00158-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-019-00158-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41465-019-00158-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53192146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No Effect of Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation to Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex on Naturalistic Prospective Memory in Healthy Young and Older Adults","authors":"Nathan S. Rose, Hannah Thomson, M. Kliegel","doi":"10.1007/s41465-019-00155-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-019-00155-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41465-019-00155-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45400702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No Evidence for Enhancing Prospective Memory with Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Across Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex","authors":"Derek M Ellis, Gianne K. G. Veloria, Ciera R. Arnett, Anne E. Vogel, Margarida Pitães, Gene A. Brewer","doi":"10.1007/s41465-019-00153-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-019-00153-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41465-019-00153-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44466392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation (tVNS) on Conflict-Related Behavioral Performance and Frontal Midline Theta Activity","authors":"M. Keute, Daniel Barth, M. Liebrand, H. Heinze, U. Kraemer, T. Zaehle","doi":"10.1007/s41465-019-00152-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-019-00152-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41465-019-00152-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45816276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Working Memory Training Is Associated with Changes in Resting State Functional Connectivity in Children Who Were Born Extremely Preterm: a Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"C. Tseng, Leona Pascoe, G. Roberts, L. Doyle, Katherine J. Lee, Deanne K. Thompson, M. Seal, Elisha K Josev, Jian Chen, C. Nosarti, P. Anderson","doi":"10.1007/s41465-019-00150-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-019-00150-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41465-019-00150-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42731157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Psychedelic Drugs Attenuate Age-Related Changes in Cognition and Affect?","authors":"Jacob S. Aday, Emily K Bloesch, Christopher Davoli","doi":"10.1007/s41465-019-00151-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-019-00151-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41465-019-00151-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53191918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food for Your Mind? The Effect of Tyrosine on Selective Attention","authors":"C. Frings, G. Domes, M. A. Friehs, Christoph F. Geißler, K. Schneider","doi":"10.1007/s41465-019-00146-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-019-00146-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41465-019-00146-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47545860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Few Effects of a 5-Week Adaptive Computerized Cognitive Training Program in Healthy Older Adults","authors":"Sheida Rabipour, C. Morrison, Jessica Crompton, Marcelo Petrucelli, Murillo de Oliveira Goncalves Germano, Anita Popescu, P. Davidson","doi":"10.1007/s41465-019-00147-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-019-00147-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41465-019-00147-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41802414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Resveratrol Administration Increases Neural Effort but Not Whole Body Metabolism or Cognitive Performance in Healthy, Young Participants","authors":"Timothy M Eschle, S. Goodall, D. Kennedy, Emma L. Wightman","doi":"10.1007/s41465-019-00139-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-019-00139-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41465-019-00139-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45952889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}