Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences最新文献_第4页

Centre de recherche de l’Académie militaire de Saint-Cyr Coëtquidan et la Croix-Rouge française, Les enjeux de l’autonomie des systèmes d’armes létaux, Pédone, Paris, 2022. Saint-Cyr Coëtquidan 军事学院研究中心和法国红十字会，《Les enjeux de l'autonomie des systèmes d'armes létaux》，Pédone，巴黎，2022 年。

Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3917/jibes.343.0082

Christian Byk

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Chapitre 3. Inégalités dans le dépistage et la prévention du VIH/SIDA. 第 3 章：艾滋病毒/艾滋病筛查和预防中的不平等现象。

Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3917/jibes.343.0047

Nonvignon Marius Kêdoté, Anne-Marie Duguet, Joseph Giovanni Agbahoungba, Flore A Gangbo

{"title":"Chapitre 3. Inégalités dans le dépistage et la prévention du VIH/SIDA.","authors":"Nonvignon Marius Kêdoté, Anne-Marie Duguet, Joseph Giovanni Agbahoungba, Flore A Gangbo","doi":"10.3917/jibes.343.0047","DOIUrl":"10.3917/jibes.343.0047","url":null,"abstract":"Despite progress in the detection and treatment of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), major challenges remain in developing countries due to insufficient resources and infrastructure. The number of people living with HIV who do not know their serostatus has fallen worldwide. However, a number of existing obstacles stand in the way of better results. The socio-cultural context in Africa hampers knowledge and understanding of the disease, leading to stigmatizing attitudes, reluctance to undergo screening and poor access to treatment.Inequalities also exist within the countries of the North, as in the case of the French West Indies, which benefit from a policy to combat HIV/AIDS, with results that fall short of those in mainland France. For this reason, we have chosen to compare the situation in the West Indies with that in Benin, in the context of African culture.Our analysis takes stock of the issues and prospects linked to the accessibility and use of screening care in sub-Saharan Africa and the French Departments of America (DFA).In both cases, fear of the disease, stigmatization, fear of a positive HIV test result and fear of disclosing the test result limit preventive and treatment actions for an effective fight against HIV.In sub-Saharan Africa, women are more likely to accept a screening test than men. Certain populations, including adolescents and homosexuals, are in a vulnerable position. The comparison reveals similar attitudes and suggests actions or recommendations in both countries that have produced results.Innovative strategies and specific programs must be implemented to turn the tide in the fight against the HIV epidemic.","PeriodicalId":73577,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139998504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Chapitre 5. From individuals to social: The needs for a global ethics overview in pharmacogenomics. 第 5 章.从个人到社会：药物基因组学全球伦理概览的需求。

Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3917/jibes.343.0085

Anastasia Constantin, Alfonsina Faya Robles, Emmanuelle Rial-Sebbag

{"title":"Chapitre 5. From individuals to social: The needs for a global ethics overview in pharmacogenomics.","authors":"Anastasia Constantin, Alfonsina Faya Robles, Emmanuelle Rial-Sebbag","doi":"10.3917/jibes.343.0085","DOIUrl":"10.3917/jibes.343.0085","url":null,"abstract":"As a part of personalized medicine, pharmacogenomics (PGx) allows practitioners to provide the right drug for a given patient, in accordance with the result of a genetic test. This practice raises many ethical issues that are discussed in the literature, sometimes within the larger context of personalized medicine. This article is based on a literature review that is original insofar as it is interdisciplinary and based on an approach that articulates individual and social rights. Here, we propose to reconsider some classic ethical issues, such as informed consent, incidental findings and data protection which are raised by genetic testing and also by PGx in the same or in a different way. We also analyse broader collective issues around racialization and health equality. Our purpose is to contribute in drawing links and parallels between individual rights and collective rights using a social approach. This analysis discusses these ethical issues in research and in clinical setting, understanding the treatment of the individual in his dual quality of patient and research participant.","PeriodicalId":73577,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139998506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Chapitre 2. L’autonomisation des comités nationaux d’éthique de la recherche en Afrique : perspective historique et enjeux actuels. 第 2 章.增强非洲国家研究伦理委员会的能力：历史视角与当前问题。

Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3917/jibes.343.0029

V Martin-Schmets, O Bah-Sow, M Boko, F Gangbo, C Giquel, E Ouattara, D Pathé, L Penali, V Pirard, A-L Morin

{"title":"Chapitre 2. L’autonomisation des comités nationaux d’éthique de la recherche en Afrique : perspective historique et enjeux actuels.","authors":"V Martin-Schmets, O Bah-Sow, M Boko, F Gangbo, C Giquel, E Ouattara, D Pathé, L Penali, V Pirard, A-L Morin","doi":"10.3917/jibes.343.0029","DOIUrl":"10.3917/jibes.343.0029","url":null,"abstract":"Since the 60s, and particularly after various scandals in the 90s, national research ethics committees in Africa have established themselves as key players in the field of international clinical research. Notably based on the principle of double ethical review, their existence has historically been aimed at preventing a form of ethical dumping, a temptation that still exists today on the part of some research promoters. While the international framework of “soft” law has favored their emergence and legitimacy, a legal and regulatory framework of “hard” law is also necessary at local level for each national research ethics committee, to ensure its proper functioning and the optimal fulfillment of its missions. The aim of this article is to analyze the similarities and differences between three national ethics committees in Africa, specifically the CNERS of Guinea, the CNERS of Benin and the CNESVS of Côte d’Ivoire, in terms of status, missions, legal or regulatory ground and, more generally, autonomy. This analysis will enable us, on the one hand, to take account of common logistical difficulties and, on the other, to go beyond differences in legal status and missions to define what enables this type of committee to fully exercise its role(s). Finally, this article proposes to model the various elements that contribute to the autonomy and resilience of a national research ethics committee, around a notion proposed on this occasion: the “circles of autonomy”.","PeriodicalId":73577,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139998503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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J-F Delfraisy, C. Kirchner, Questions d’éthique au temps de la Covid-19, La Documentation française, Paris, 2023. J-F Delfraisy, C. Kirchner, Questions d'éthique au temps de la Covid-19, La Documentation française, Paris, 2023.

Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3917/jibes.343.0082b

Christian Byk

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Revue de livres. 书评

Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01

Christian Byk

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Chapitre 4. Subventions discriminatoires de soins medicaux à l’épreuve du principe éthique de la justice : cas d’un service d’orl au burkina faso. 第 4 章：根据公正的伦理原则检验歧视性医疗补贴：布基纳法索耳鼻喉科服务的案例。

Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3917/jibes.343.0069

Richard Wend-Lasida Ouedraogo, Guillaume Durand, Diataga Sylvestre Yonli, Tarcissus Konsem

{"title":"Chapitre 4. Subventions discriminatoires de soins medicaux à l’épreuve du principe éthique de la justice : cas d’un service d’orl au burkina faso.","authors":"Richard Wend-Lasida Ouedraogo, Guillaume Durand, Diataga Sylvestre Yonli, Tarcissus Konsem","doi":"10.3917/jibes.343.0069","DOIUrl":"10.3917/jibes.343.0069","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: A legal exception to the principle of equal health rights, discriminatory subsidies often pose an ethical dilemma in the field of application.Aim: To analyze discriminatory subsidies for healthcare in the light of the ethical principle of justice and to propose alternatives to any inherent legal and ethical conflicts.Method: This was a qualitative, descriptive and analytical study based on semi-structured interviews with caregivers.Results: Participants felt that the application of discriminatory subsidies has a negative impact on substantial distributive justice. The infringements of the award conditions were exclusively for the benefit of the patients concerned. Their impact was considered positive on distributive justice and negative on formal justice.Discussion: Discriminatory care subsidies generally stem from a legal requirement whose application should not be ambiguous. It is apparent that the infringements of the conditions for attribution were in favour of substantial distributive justice. This opposition is a potential source of decision-making difficulties for caregivers who often choose to violate conditions for the benefit of their indigent patients. There are therefore violations of ethically understandable standards, which must be admitted. This could be done through the provision of exceptions for the application of standards for ”noble causes” and conscientious objection clauses in health policy texts.Conclusion: The legitimacy of health policy norms is essential for their effective application, hence the interest of taking distributive justice into account in the genesis of formal norms.","PeriodicalId":73577,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139998505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Chapter 8. How can digitalization contribute to the transformation of food systems towards sustainability? Analysing the farm to fork strategy with the digitalization lens and raising possible ethical rules. 第 8 章数字化如何促进粮食系统向可持续方向转变？从数字化视角分析 "从农场到餐桌 "战略，并提出可能的道德规则。

Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3917/jibes.344.0145

Silvia Rolandi, Gianluca Brunori

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Chapitre 4. L’accident du travail chez soi. 第 4 章家庭事故家庭事故

Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01

Delphine Ronet-Yague

{"title":"Chapitre 4. L’accident du travail chez soi.","authors":"Delphine Ronet-Yague","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread use of teleworking during the health crisis reduced the flow of occupational accident claims by 20%. This applies to commuting accidents, as well as claims related to « immediate » or “deferred” risks (Rapp. annuel 2020 de l’Assurance maladie - Risques professionnels : Eléments statistiques et financiers, déc. 2021, p. 2 and 113). On the basis of these figures, working at home could be analyzed as a means of preventing occupational risks and improving workers’ health. In reality, however, these figures should not obscure the fact that telecommuting is a major occupational hazard. This is all the more the case given that, while telecommuting was not very widespread before the pandemic, it is now popular with employees and is being developed by many companies as a source of productivity (Rapp. CNP, May 16 2022). We therefore need to keep a close eye on the development of workplace accident legislation in this area, its adaptability to the specific claims experience of teleworkers and its perfectibility, not forgetting the thorny question of the possible recognition of the employer’s inexcusable fault in the event of the accident being covered by professional legislation.","PeriodicalId":73577,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140869666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Revue de livres. 书评

Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01

Christian Byk

引用次数: 0