Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences最新文献

{"title":"Revue de livres.","authors":"Christian Byk","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73577,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences","volume":"33 3","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9347804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapitre 4. Autonomy of minors questioned: Russian case with the loss of medical secrecy.","authors":"Boris Sergeevich Solozhenkin","doi":"10.3917/jibes.341.0057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/jibes.341.0057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>What is the value of confidentiality? Russian society faced this issue in 2020, when minors aged 15 to 18 lost their privacy. The amendment to the Federal Law, caused the situation, was received ambiguously, but quickly ceased to be the subject of public discussion. In my article, I study this event in a bioethical context, considering the topics of privacy, autonomy and relativity. Social discussion was not productive, since the arguments of both sides contained a double-edged argument: depending on existing relations in a family, the amendment will have a positive or negative meaning. By pointing out all the weaknesses of this shift in emphasis to relationships (that also implies the uselessness of the concept of relational autonomy here), I designate a real problem. A conflict situation has evolved both within bioethical principles and within the single principle &#8211; respect for autonomy. Due to the lack of confidentiality, the opportunity to act according to one&#8217;s own personal plan, presupposed by informed consent, is devalued. Autonomy turns out to be incomplete, twofold: it exists only for onetime decisions, and it is not in the long-term perspective because of a possibility of interference by others (parents, guardians) in this decision-making process. Since such criteria of autonomous action as intentionality and noncontrol may be violated, the autonomy of minors becomes contradictory. To avoid this, the autonomy should be either established as partial, or, by insisting on the return of confidentiality back to minors of the specified age, restored as full. Partial autonomy is a paradox, and a teenager should be endowed with what I call, considering the age criteria, the &#8220;presumption of autonomy&#8221;. If we do not give up autonomy completely, then we must restore its context consistently and non-contradictory: the ability of minors of this age category to make medically significant decisions requires the restoration of confidentiality and vice versa. Additionally, I investigate privacy&#8217;s impact on confidentiality: in Russian bioethics and medical practice, privacy is not considered as a source of other rights, the initial principle organizing the discourse.</p>","PeriodicalId":73577,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"57-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9424584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapitre 1. Santé publique et prise en charge des maladies.","authors":"Vincent-Pierre Comiti","doi":"10.54695/jibes.333.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54695/jibes.333.0027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The history of environmental damages is linked to the development of diseases. Conversely, individual and collective protection measures for the living environment. Were often beneficial to health.</p>","PeriodicalId":73577,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences","volume":"33 3","pages":"27-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9587601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapitre 7. Repenser la communauté virtuelle avec Michel Henry.","authors":"Nancy Zgheib","doi":"10.3917/jibes.332.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/jibes.332.0101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article presents a phenomenological approach of a virtual society. Michel Henry outlined a phenomenology of living community and a critical approach of the technical and technological progress. Those approaches call into question the possibility of intersubjective relations within virtual society during the current sanitary crisis that led to a lack of live communication. There couldn&#8217;t be neither being &#8211; with, nor being &#8211; in &#8211; common disincarnate, every intersubjective relation needs a living charnel presence.</p>","PeriodicalId":73577,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences","volume":"33 2","pages":"101-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9089280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Juste un mot.","authors":"Christian Byk","doi":"10.54695/jibes.341.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54695/jibes.341.0009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73577,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"9-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9797989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapitre 10. La part sociale des transplantations d’organes.","authors":"Marie Le Clainche-Piel","doi":"10.3917/jibes.342.0143","DOIUrl":"10.3917/jibes.342.0143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>What do we share when we donate or receive an organ? What meaning does donation have in the mourning process of a loved one or in the therapeutic process of a transplant patient? These questions rarely reach the public arena, but they do animate the people who concretely participate in the circulation of organs, whether it is because they accept the removal of an organ, receive one or are in charge of organizing it. With this contribution, I wish to shed light on the answers to these questions, as they emerge in practice, and thereby expose the social component of these surgical operations. I first examine the trend towards the promotion of organ donation and transplantation since the 1970s; then I look at the limits for the patients of an approach to transplantation based solely on a biomedical prism; and finally I examine the horizon of possibilities in terms of recognition of the relationships that organ transplant can create between donors and receivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":73577,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences","volume":"34 2","pages":"143-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41184340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propos introductifs.","authors":"Amandine Cayol,&nbsp;Émilie Gaillard","doi":"10.3917/jibes.332.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/jibes.332.0011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The disappearance of bodies in today&#8217;s society is redistributing the cards of living together. If social distancing allows a certain rationalisation of human activities (work, care), does it not paradoxically lead to physical and psychological isolation? Moreover, does the dissociation it leads to between the subject and the &#8220;e-mage&#8221; given of him or her not tend to transform social relations into an infinite game where half-truths, lies and illusions produce new rituals and artifices depending mainly on technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":73577,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences","volume":"33 2","pages":"11-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9089285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapitre 6. The challenges and effects of digital medical devices on the doctor-patient relationship, as seen through the lens of treating sleep apnoea.","authors":"Cristina Lindenmeyer,&nbsp;Bénédicte Bévière-Boyer,&nbsp;Michael Chocron,&nbsp;Yanita Andonova,&nbsp;Jean-Michel Besnier,&nbsp;Bonnet Grégory,&nbsp;Jean-Marc Deltorn,&nbsp;Marie-Pia d'Ortho,&nbsp;Aloïse Quesne,&nbsp;Gérard Reynier,&nbsp;Geneviève Vidal","doi":"10.3917/jibes.341.0091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/jibes.341.0091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tablets, smartphones, digital platforms, connected objects with or without Artificial Intelligence (AI) are invading our daily lives and transforming our relationships with others. Having already entered the field of wellness, in recent years we have seen the expectations and hopes raised by these new devices turn towards the field of health. In 2019, the European Parliament passed a resolution on a comprehensive European industrial policy on artificial intelligence and robotics 55, calling for caution in the use of algorithmic processes in the medical field and stressing that &#8220;the current system of approval of Digital Medical Devices may not be suitable for AI technologies&#8221;. Drawing on the framework of the treatment of sleep apnoea by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), our reflection highlights the fact that the increase in the amount of data, the acceleration of information, the disparity in the attractiveness and skills in IT and AI between the actors involved (doctors and patients), as well as the subjective effects of these changes lead to a redefinition of the doctor-patient relationship and a transformation of medical practice more generally.</p>","PeriodicalId":73577,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"91-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9424583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapitre 1. Considérations bioéthiques sur le corps multiple : Point de vue des philosophes européens et russes.","authors":"Olga Vinogradova","doi":"10.3917/jibes.341.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/jibes.341.0019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article attempts to critically apprehend the profound problems of medical ethics, posed by the Dutch philosopher Annemarie Mol in her book &#8220;The Body Multiple: Ontology in Medical Practice&#8221; [4]. The logical and mathematical concept of transitivity and intransitivity, chosen by the philosopher, makes us approach the traditional problems of bioethics from a new angle: through the models of physician-patient relationship, the status of a person vs. human being, organ transplantation, as well as the conflict between the individual and the collective in epidemic conditions. The key points on which the philosopher relies are the concepts of intransitivity of the patient and his organs, the status of the human body, the relationship between the whole body and its parts, as well as the concept of inclusion as a relationship of integration of a multiple body. Trying to analyze these concepts, the author of the article refers to the works of Russian and French philosophers, and also addresses modern problems of bioethics through the prism of the questions posed by A. Mol from an unusual angle.</p>","PeriodicalId":73577,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"19-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9424585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapitre 3. Perturbateurs endocriniens : un enjeu sanitaire, environnemental et scientifique, éthique et juridique.","authors":"Laurence Azoux Bacrie","doi":"10.54695/jibes.333.0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54695/jibes.333.0039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endocrine disruptors are substances capable of interfering with our hormonal system, leading to deleterious effects. Given the many sources of exposure, the challenge is to understand the role played by these substances in the development of certain pathologies. Assessing their effects on health is therefore a scientific challenge and an important public health issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":73577,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences","volume":"33 3","pages":"39-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9688198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}