Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences最新文献

{"title":"Chapitre 5. COVID et privation du droit de visites en établissement sanitaire et médico-social : Maintenir la relation et penser l’usage des outils numériques.","authors":"Mylène Gouriot,&nbsp;Maud Charvin,&nbsp;Bertille Suzat,&nbsp;Grégoire Moutel,&nbsp;Guillaume Grandazzi","doi":"10.3917/jibes.332.0063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/jibes.332.0063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The right to visit our next of kin and friends has been challenged since the beginning of COVID epidemic. In Health and social care services, the visits&#8217; limitation has and continues to have consequences on the persons under care, their relatives and the care workers. This article aims to review the investigations of the Normandy Ethical Support Unit who has set up at the beginning of the COVID crisis, in response to the referrals from the fields in connection with the visits&#8217; restrictions. This crisis served as a reminder of the importance of physical contact in maintaining social interactions. It also drew collective attention to the implementation of digital tools to counterbalance geographical distance, lack of time, and more broadly the evolution of society. The deployment of the digital tool raises many ethical questions and must be considered without neglecting physical contact.</p>","PeriodicalId":73577,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences","volume":"33 2","pages":"63-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9112266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapitre 5. L’impact de la pandémie de COVID-19 sur l’évolution du paradigme éthique de la médecine clinique en Russie (« à la guerre comme à la guerre »).","authors":"Е A Pyatenko,&nbsp;S V Krylova,&nbsp;N N Krylov","doi":"10.3917/jibes.341.0075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/jibes.341.0075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The C&#1054;VID-19 pandemic became a catalyst for the transformation of the ideas of the existence of global ethics in favor of real moral pluralism, exposed the problem of abandoning the principles of personalized medicine in favor of public health ethics (collective ethics of civil society). The authors sequentially analyze the objective factors that influenced the change in the moral paradigm of the clinical medicine in Russia: the peculiarities of the course of infection, the lack of resources in the health-care sector, the inability to use advanced treatment methods in different groups of patients, the protection of medical workers, the provision of emergency and planned surgical interventions, and the prevention of further spread of infection. In addition, the moral consequences of the use of administrative measures to limit the spread of the pandemic are given: restriction of social contacts, the use of personal protective equipment, retraining of specialists, re-profiling of the bed fund, leveling problems of communication with colleagues, patients and students. Special attention is paid to the problem of &#8220;anti-vaxxers&#8221;, representing a significant part of society and hindering the implementation of the vaccination program of the population. We believe that active and passive protest against vaccinations lie not in a rational plane, but in an emotional one, in an immanent distrust of the state and its institutions. Thus arises a secondary ethical problem of the state&#8217;s responsibility for the life and health of every citizen, regardless of their beliefs. Contradictions in the moral principles of individual strata of the population (including groups like those who agree to get vaccinated, those who doubt, the indifferent ones, &#8220;active anti-vaccinators&#8221;) currently seem irreconcilable due to the state&#8217;s detachment from solving moral problems.Ethic divergence in the context of the pandemic has become real, stable and difficult to overcome, while the claims of a single, global, global bioethics are being questioned. The COVID-19 pandemic has formulated the ethical task of the 21st century, which will have to be the development of public policy and practice of clinical medicine in the context of serious moral contradictions and significant bioethical differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":73577,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"75-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9424586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapitre 5. Réalité et ambitions de la démocratisation des lois bioéthiques.","authors":"Valentine Vigné","doi":"10.54695/jibes.342.0071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54695/jibes.342.0071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bioethics laws have many particularities because of the technicity and sensitivity of the questions tackled. First, their revision is planned to be made within seven years. Second, since 2011, this revision must be preceded by a public debate called &#8220;&#201;tats g&#233;n&#233;raux de la bio&#233;thique&#8221; which aims to involve all part of the society, from experts to uninitiated.The law regarding bioethics enacted on the 2nd of august 2021, is relevant on this point in two ways. First, it is the first law made after the requirements of 2011. It is therefore possible to assess the mild impact of public debate on law-making and decisions. Second, the changes made by the law enacted in 2021 allow us to identity the means mobilized to reinforce and perpetuate public participation in the field of bioethics.</p>","PeriodicalId":73577,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences","volume":"34 2","pages":"71-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10549510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapitre 18. Loi relative à la bioéthique 2021 : de quelques interrogations dans la pratique des équipes médicales.","authors":"Louis Bujan","doi":"10.54695/jibes.342.0235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54695/jibes.342.0235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The law on bioethics of 2 August 2021 introduced a number of innovations that have raised many questions for professionals. For the medical teams at assisted reproduction centres, the disappearance of the notion of medical indication represents a real paradigm shift. Should there be limits on access to MAP methods? The legal texts set certain limits. Are these limits related to human physiology, to the benefit-risk ratio or to social or medico-economic considerations? We will discuss the issues of the age at which a person can benefit from PGM, self-preservation of gametes for his or her own benefit, access to the donor&#8217;s identity and special interviews with the multidisciplinary team. Finally, the need for clear, objective information will be emphasised, especially as article 4 of the law provides for a public health plan: prevention/public education, information/female and male fertility, which to date has not been mentioned.</p>","PeriodicalId":73577,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences","volume":"34 2","pages":"235-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10549511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapitre 17. Du père caché au père révélé, l’émergence d’un lien <i><b>sui generis</b></i>.","authors":"Sarah Lanau","doi":"10.54695/jibes.342.0221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54695/jibes.342.0221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The bioethics bill reflects a paradigm shift in filiation. Indeed, the bill provides for the lifting of donor anonymity at the age of majority of the child born of the donation. However, the legislator does not provide for a specific legal regime qualifying the link between the donor and the child born of the donation. It thus proceeds to a negative qualification of a situation that nevertheless entails important legal consequences. One then wonders about the nature of this relationship and about the potential consequences induced by the lifting of anonymity, consequences that are both legal and social. This article will then make it possible to dissociate the notion of filiation and the progressive emergence of the right of access to one&#8217;s origins.</p>","PeriodicalId":73577,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences","volume":"34 2","pages":"221-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10549512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revue de livres.","authors":"Christian Byk","doi":"10.3917/jibes.341.0128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/jibes.341.0128","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73577,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9417688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapitre 2. La e-santé, une technologie qui creuse ou qui comble le fossé entre pays du premier et du tiers monde ?","authors":"Nathalie Devillier","doi":"10.54695/jibes.333.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54695/jibes.333.0035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although e-health has gained prominence in the Sustainable Development Goals, the lack of Development Goals, the lack of precise indicators makes it difficult to measure its impact. It was not until 2017 and the 2017 and the International Telecommunication Union&#8217;s Action Plan for governments to put in place quantitative and qualitative evaluation criteria. However, e-health remains the fertile ground for frugal innovations based in particular on mobile health.</p>","PeriodicalId":73577,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences","volume":"33 3","pages":"35-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9587600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapitre 6. Révisions des lois de bioéthique et recherche sur l’embryon humain : une analyse psychosociale des États Généraux de la Bioéthique.","authors":"Eloïse Vinson,&nbsp;Thémis Apostolidis,&nbsp;Renata Lira Dos Santos Aléssio,&nbsp;Maria de Fátima De Souza Santos,&nbsp;Lionel Dany","doi":"10.3917/jibes.333.0075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/jibes.333.0075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bioethics are widely used in the course of biomedical science&#8217;s evolution. It allows to question ethical aspects underlying the setting of new research and clinical intervention techniques. This ethical thinking reflects norms and values socially admitted and question the way new scientific information are integrated to individuals&#8217; system of knowing. Human embryo research, subject to bioethics laws revisions, represents an almost prototypical object of these issues, both lay and scientific. This study aims to study these issues through the context of bioethics revision laws, from users&#8217; comments on Estates-General of Bioethics website, using the social representations theorical frame. A thematic content analysis has been performed. Results shows that embryo status is a structural argument of the debate, and that the opinion on human embryo research results from a set of ethical concerns that come from socially anchored values, accounting for the way individuals define science, biotechnologies and research on the living, that we also find in the bioethics legislation.</p>","PeriodicalId":73577,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences","volume":"33 3","pages":"75-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9606947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapitre 15. L’accès aux origines personnelles.","authors":"Emmanuel Terrier","doi":"10.54695/jibes.342.0201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54695/jibes.342.0201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Law n&#176; 2021-1017 of August 2nd. 2021 allows children born of assisted reproduction with a third party donor to have access, as of their majority, to non-identifying data and the identity of this third party. Without calling into question the principle of anonymity, it enshrines the right of access to origins. The reasons for this development are to be found in the evolution of European law, rather than in a logical evolution of French bioethics law. However, such an enshrinement is not without difficulties, both in terms of the concrete and technical implementation of this access to origins and in terms of the practical consequences in the realisation of access to this right for the children benefiting from this system.</p>","PeriodicalId":73577,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences","volume":"34 2","pages":"201-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10549509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapitre 4. PMA : la nouvelle donne. La révision de la loi de bioéthique en 2021.","authors":"Dominique Mehl","doi":"10.54695/jibes.342.0055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54695/jibes.342.0055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The new version of the bioethics law adopted in 2021 is distinguished first and foremost by its openness. It legitimises access to medically assisted procreation for lesbian couples and single women. It allows young adults born through gamete donation to know their origins. It allows any woman to freeze her oocytes with a view to a subsequent pregnancy, without any medical condition. At the same time, the new law is characterised by its moderation. These new freedoms do not challenge the primacy of conjugal parenthood. Multiple parenthood is not on the agenda. The law establishes a differentiated filiation between heterosexual parentage and homoparentage. It confirms the absolute ban on surrogate motherhood. Between authorisations and prohibitions, the fourth bioethics law promotes a tempered liberalism.</p>","PeriodicalId":73577,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences","volume":"34 2","pages":"55-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10549507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}