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Chapter 4. Neurotechnologies: striking a balance between scientific progress and privacy 第四章。神经技术：在科学进步和隐私之间取得平衡
Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.54695/jibes.371.0091
Éric Fourneret
{"title":"Chapter 4. Neurotechnologies: striking a balance between scientific progress and privacy","authors":"Éric Fourneret","doi":"10.54695/jibes.371.0091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54695/jibes.371.0091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurotechnologies encompass a wide range of devices, from EEGs to neural interfaces, used for therapeutic, diagnostic, or research purposes. These technologies collect valuable but highly intimate and identifying brain data, which feeds into international scientific projects such as the Brain Initiative and the Human Brain Project. While research does indeed require a critical mass of data shared on a large scale, these recordings go beyond the targeted signals alone and can reveal personal mental states, posing major ethical issues. The processing of this data by artificial intelligence opens the door to unexpected and, in some cases, undesirable uses. Are existing regulatory frameworks sufficient to anticipate all risks of misuse, allowing research to reconcile therapeutic promises with respect for individual rights? The article argues for ethical innovation to be integrated into the design of neurotechnologies from the outset.</p>","PeriodicalId":73577,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"91-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147847135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chapter 6. Ethical issues in transplant matching 第六章。移植配型中的伦理问题
Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.54695/jibes.371.0135
Philippe Steiner
{"title":"Chapter 6. Ethical issues in transplant matching","authors":"Philippe Steiner","doi":"10.54695/jibes.371.0135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54695/jibes.371.0135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This contribution examines the ethical issues that arise when organ-patient matching is performed using algorithmic matching. The first part reviews the ethical problems present in many phases of the transplant process: who can be considered a potential donor? Who is accepted on the transplant waiting list, and ultimately, to whom does the harvested organ go? The second part presents algorithmic matching as a specific form of coordination. The third part considers the actual rules implemented in France and the United States, highlighting the different ways in which fairness in access to care&amp;#8212;the crucial criterion for ethical evaluation&amp;#8212;is managed. The focus then shifts to the role of matching algorithms and the changes they undergo to meet the expectations of different stakeholders. The fourth part highlights the constraint of accountability which is added to the constraints of fairness and legitimacy, particularly in the context of the first attempts to use artificial intelligence.</p>","PeriodicalId":73577,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"135-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147847142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introduction: Ethics of care and donation of body parts 导言：人体器官的关怀和捐赠伦理
Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.54695/jibes.371.0013
Jean Mercier Ythier
{"title":"Introduction: Ethics of care and donation of body parts","authors":"Jean Mercier Ythier","doi":"10.54695/jibes.371.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54695/jibes.371.0013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This chapter introduces the issue of the International Journal of Bioethics and Ethics of Science that deals with the gift and utilization of body parts and substances of human origin in human health care. I notably emphasize, in this introduction, the idea that care ethics, in the variant developed by Paul Ricoeur, provides a framework that is peculiarly suitable for the treatment of the ethical stakes associated with the field of therapeutic activities so delineated. I also emphasize, on the basis of two relevant practical cases, the fundamental importance of the organization of the health care system, both factually and in terms of individual and collective responsibility. I devote, finally, a third section to a synthetic presentation of the contributions to this volume. The latter are structured by three great interdependent types of stakes&amp;#160;: the epistemological stakes relative to the basic distinction between body and mind&amp;#160;; the ethical stakes centered, notably, on the norm of non-remuneration&amp;#160;; and the political stakes shaped, in particular, by the norm of self-sufficiency and the trade-off between self-sufficiency and non-remuneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":73577,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"13-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147847121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recommendations to authors 给作者的建议
Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.54695/jibes.371.0216
{"title":"Recommendations to authors","authors":"","doi":"10.54695/jibes.371.0216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54695/jibes.371.0216","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73577,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"216-217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147847116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chapter 7. European regulation applicable to stem cell–based medicines 第七章。适用于干细胞药物的欧洲法规
Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.54695/jibes.371.0157
Nina Mihalic
{"title":"Chapter 7. European regulation applicable to stem cell–based medicines","authors":"Nina Mihalic","doi":"10.54695/jibes.371.0157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54695/jibes.371.0157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of advanced therapy medicinal products based on the use of stem cells now represents one of the most significant developments in contemporary clinical research. Human stem cells offer the potential to replace deficient cells and to act on the biological functioning of a patient’s body, thereby enabling the development of individualised therapeutic strategies characteristic of regenerative and personalised medicine. The conversion of human biological materials into therapeutic products through complex scientific and industrial processes confers on stem cells a dual medical and economic dimension, raising significant ethical concerns.\u0000All stages of the life cycle of these products – from development to marketing – are governed by a specific, complex and demanding European regulatory framework, which must continuously adapt to scientific and technological advances. Clinical research conducted on these products raises key issues, notably those relating to respect for the free and informed consent of both donors and recipients, heightened requirements for traceability, safety and transparency, as well as the challenge of ensuring equitable access to costly therapies within resource-constrained healthcare systems once these products reach the market. Although the clinical trials undertaken to develop these medicines have led to major biotechnological advances, they remain inseparable from substantial scientific, clinical and ethical challenges linked to the complexity of their manufacturing processes, their biological instability, and the need for long-term follow-up of participants.\u0000Against this background, the article provides an analysis of the European regulatory framework applicable to stem cell-based advanced therapy medicinal products, while highlighting the persistent tensions between scientific innovation, ethical requirements, patient safety and the economic sustainability of this therapeutic model.</p>","PeriodicalId":73577,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"157-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147847050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chapter 3. The post animal. Life forms hybridized by technoscience 第三章。邮政动物。由科技杂交的生命形式
Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.54695/jibes.371.0071
Mara Magda Maftei
{"title":"Chapter 3. The post animal. Life forms hybridized by technoscience","authors":"Mara Magda Maftei","doi":"10.54695/jibes.371.0071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54695/jibes.371.0071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Taking into account the current work about the place of animals in our contemporary Western societies, this article introduces a new category, that of the post-animal, and demonstrates, through the use of fictional examples, that the post-animal does not fit into the continuity of the animal-object and the animal-subject, but operates a step backward, transanimalism assimilating the animal to a “sub-machine”. The article takes into account the work of contemporary philosophers interested in the living and the work of jurists investing the post-animal with language and institutional forms capable of defending it. The writers Phœbe Hadjimarkos Clarke (Aliène, 2004), Vincent Message (Défaite des maîtres et possesseurs, 2015), and Emmanuelle Pireyre (Chimère 2019) add to different researches in the field a narratological work which is specific for the fictions of the “post-”.</p>","PeriodicalId":73577,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"71-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147847066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chapter 5. Organ collect or donation? 第五章。器官收集还是捐赠？
Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.54695/jibes.371.0113
Nicolas Aumonier
{"title":"Chapter 5. Organ collect or donation?","authors":"Nicolas Aumonier","doi":"10.54695/jibes.371.0113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54695/jibes.371.0113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The success of organ transplants has led to an increase in prescriptions, resulting in a shortage. Campaigns calling for organ donations are regularly organised by the Biomedicine Agency in France. However, the refusal rate among families of deceased individuals appears to be increasing. The trust of the families of deceased donors is based both on the medical assurance that the deceased is truly dead and on the consent to donation. However, the criteria for death (cardiovascular death, brain death, brainstem death) are evolving and, due to constant technical progress, may give the impression that they are no longer irreversible and are often counterintuitive. The law, for its part, strives to respect the deceased, their families and those awaiting transplants, and provides for the possibility of refusing consent whereas legislation ensures that such refusals are minimal. To respect the deceased and patients awaiting transplants, and to maintain trust in medicine and in the law, it is important that organ donation is truly a donation. Paradoxically, only refusals allow organ donation to be a donation.</p>","PeriodicalId":73577,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"113-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147847084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chapter 1. Interpersonal relationships and the ethical issues of proximity in decision-making 第1章。人际关系和伦理问题的接近决策
Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.54695/jibes.371.0033
Emmanuel Picavet
{"title":"Chapter 1. Interpersonal relationships and the ethical issues of proximity in decision-making","authors":"Emmanuel Picavet","doi":"10.54695/jibes.371.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54695/jibes.371.0033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article examines the place to be given to issues relating specifically to proximity, within the broader category of interpersonal relationships likely to affect the meaning of choices. More specifically, we ask whether the special role of proximity is likely to influence the ethical issues associated with the value to be attached to the possibility of free choice among the options available in social life. A thought experiment illustrates the complexity of this influence and the resulting difficulty of predicting choices on the basis of personal values.</p>","PeriodicalId":73577,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"33-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147847099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chapitre 1. L’apport de la déclaration de principes éthiques en rapport avec le changement climatique (UNESCO, 2017). 第一章的标题。《与气候变化有关的道德原则宣言》的贡献（联合国教科文组织，2017年）。
Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.54695/jibes.364.0015
Christian Byk
{"title":"<span class=\"marquage souligne\">Chapitre 1</span>. L’apport de la déclaration de principes éthiques en rapport avec le changement climatique (UNESCO, 2017).","authors":"Christian Byk","doi":"10.54695/jibes.364.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54695/jibes.364.0015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intended to complement the multilateral efforts of States, which have led in particular to the commitments negotiated under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, this Declaration, which is based on the scientific assessments of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, establishes a short list of global ethical principles whose purpose is to inspire decision-making and policy development at all levels and to ensure the inclusion of the interests of future generations. It thus brings an original but essential dimension to the actions of individuals and all stakeholders in addressing this new challenge for humanity. In this regard, it reflects, in a remarkable consensus, the balance between the diversity of policies of governments and other actors in the essential transition of climate policies and behaviours.</p>","PeriodicalId":73577,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences","volume":"36 4","pages":"15-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147476597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chapitre 4. Avis N°2025-47 (10 juin 2025) : manipuler les virus, manipuler le climat ? Comment juger de ce qui est responsable en recherche ? 第四章。通知N°2025-47（2025年6月10日）：操纵病毒，操纵气候？如何判断谁负责研究？
Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.54695/jibes.364.0077
Comité d'éthique du Cnrs Comets
{"title":"Chapitre 4. Avis N°2025-47 (10 juin 2025) : manipuler les virus, manipuler le climat ? Comment juger de ce qui est responsable en recherche ?","authors":"Comité d'éthique du Cnrs Comets","doi":"10.54695/jibes.364.0077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54695/jibes.364.0077","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73577,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences","volume":"36 4","pages":"77-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147476129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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