JCSM rapid communications最新文献

{"title":"Ageing contributes to phenotype transition in a mouse model of periodic paralysis","authors":"Karen J. Suetterlin, S. Veronica Tan, Roope Mannikko, Rahul Phadke, Michael Orford, Simon Eaton, Avan A. Sayer, Miranda D. Grounds, Emma Matthews, Linda Greensmith, Michael G. Hanna","doi":"10.1002/rco2.41","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rco2.41","url":null,"abstract":"Periodic paralysis (PP) is a rare genetic disorder in which ion channel mutation causes episodic paralysis in association with hyper‐ or hypokalaemia. An unexplained but consistent feature of PP is that a phenotype transition occurs around the age of 40, in which the severity of potassium‐induced muscle weakness declines but onset of fixed, progressive weakness is reported. This phenotype transition coincides with the age at which muscle mass and optimal motor function start to decline in healthy individuals. We sought to determine if the phenotype transition in PP is linked to the normal ageing phenotype transition and to explore the mechanisms involved.","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"4 2","pages":"245-259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.41","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39806935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acoustic radiation force impulse elastography: a tool for muscle aging assessment: a pilot study","authors":"Sophie C. Regueme,&nbsp;Nora Frulio,&nbsp;Hervé Trillaud,&nbsp;Christophe Laurent,&nbsp;Eric Rullier,&nbsp;Benjamin Dallaudière,&nbsp;Isabelle Bourdel-Marchasson","doi":"10.1002/rco2.39","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rco2.39","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CAPARFI study explored whether sonoelastographic data collected using the acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) system are reliable when evaluating skeletal muscles and whether the technique can detect muscle changes with aging.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty young (YH; 18–30 years) and 30 old (OH; ≥70 years) healthy volunteers and 15 old patients with cancer (OP; ≥70 years) were assessed through quantitative ARFI measurements (m s⁻¹) of the relaxed rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, and soleus muscles, and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) test. The reliability in ARFI measurements was evaluated by intra-class correlation coefficient. Among-group differences in ARFI measurements and SPPB were evaluated using a global linear model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Acoustic radiation force impulse measurements demonstrated high reliability in all groups (intra-class correlation coefficient &gt; 0.82). ARFI measurements of the rectus femoris muscle were significantly lower in both the OH and OP groups than in the YH group (1.46 ± 0.12 and 1.50 ± 0.32 vs. 1.80 ± 0.35 m s⁻¹). The ARFI measurements of the soleus muscle were significantly lower in the OP group than in the YH group (1.37 ± 0.37 vs. 1.70 ± 0.53 m s⁻¹). No significant difference was observed for tibialis anterior muscle. Significantly lower SPPB scores were observed in the OP group (10.3 ± 1.4 out of 12) than in the YH (12.0 ± 0.0) and OH groups (11.5 ± 1.0).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study demonstrated that ARFI quantitative measurements are reliable in relaxed skeletal muscle and may be reliably used to explore muscle changes with aging and/or neoplasia in clinical practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"4 2","pages":"133-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.39","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47749234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sarcopenia diagnosis: comparison of automated with manual computed tomography segmentation in clinical routine","authors":"Louise Caudron,&nbsp;Alexandre Bussy,&nbsp;Svetlana Artemova,&nbsp;Katia Charrière,&nbsp;Salma El Lakkiss,&nbsp;Alexandre Moreau-Gaudry,&nbsp;Jean-Luc Bosson,&nbsp;Gilbert R. Ferretti,&nbsp;Eric Fontaine,&nbsp;Cécile Bétry","doi":"10.1002/rco2.37","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rco2.37","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cross-sectional muscle area (CSMA) at the mid third lumbar vertebra (L3) can be used for sarcopenia diagnosis. The measurement of CSMA is time-consuming and thus restricted to clinical research. We aimed to compare the automatic module ABACS (Automatic Body composition Analyser using Computed tomography image Segmentation software) with manual segmentation for CSMA assessment into clinical routine.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study population was screened retrospectively from a computed tomography-scan (CT-scan) database. All consecutive participants, hospitalized at the Grenoble University Hospital (CHU Grenoble Alpes) between January and May 2018, and with an abdominal CT-scan including sagittal reconstruction were included. The software SliceOmatic complemented with the module ABACS (ABACS-SliceOmatic) was compared with the software ImageJ. Their agreement was determined using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient and visualized in Bland–Altman plots for the CSMA measurement or with Cohen's kappa coefficient (<i>κ</i>) for sarcopenia status.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from 680 participants were analysed (mean age 59 ± 19 years, %females: 45.7). The concordance correlation coefficient between both types of software was 0.93 (CI95%: 0.92 to 0.94). Mean CSMA was significantly higher with ABACS-SliceOmatic (mean difference: 6.51 ± 10.50 cm²; <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Kappa agreement for sarcopenia diagnosis was moderate: 0.68 (CI95%: 0.62–0.74) and 0.71 (CI95%: 0.65–0.76) for Prado's and Derstine's definitions, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ABACS-SliceOmatic has moderate agreement with the manual software ImageJ in a routine clinical database. Our work suggests that ABACS-SliceOmatic should be used with caution in clinical practice. To improve its reliability, we suggest to manually validate the automatic segmentation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"4 2","pages":"103-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.37","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44322004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intestinal smooth muscle aberrations in pancreatic cancer patients with sarcopenia","authors":"Rianne D.W. Vaes,&nbsp;Tessa T.J. Welbers,&nbsp;David P.J. van Dijk,&nbsp;Dorit Rennspiess,&nbsp;Axel zur Hausen,&nbsp;Steven W.M. Olde Damink,&nbsp;Sander S. Rensen","doi":"10.1002/rco2.34","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rco2.34","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cancer cachexia is characterized by impaired function of skeletal and cardiac muscle. Smooth muscle is abundantly present in the body and critical for the function of the gastrointestinal tract. Given the frequently reported gastrointestinal symptoms in cancer patients, we hypothesized that the smooth musculature could be compromised in cancer patients with sarcopenia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Full-thickness jejunal tissue sections from 57 pancreatic cancer patients were analysed by picrosirius red stains and immunohistochemistry for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), smoothelin, and CD117 (c-kit). Muscle wall thickness, contractile marker expression, and collagen deposition were quantified. Patients were assigned to a sarcopenia or non-sarcopenia group based on their skeletal muscle index.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intestinal smooth muscle wall thickness did not differ between the sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia group (1,661 ± 125.0 vs. 1,439 ± 93.5 μm, <i>P</i> = 0.41). Whereas α-SMA staining intensity was similar in both groups, staining intensity of smoothelin, a key marker of the contractile smooth muscle cell phenotype, was reduced (143.0 ± 22.6 vs. 125.4 ± 29.3 arbitrary units, <i>P</i> = 0.02) in sarcopenic patients. The distribution of CD117⁺ interstitial cells of Cajal was similar in both groups, but pronounced collagen deposition around the myenteric plexus was more often observed in patients with sarcopenia (<i>P</i> = 0.04).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These data suggest that cancer cachexia is not only associated with skeletal and cardiac muscle wasting, but also affects the intestinal smooth musculature. Reduced contractile smooth muscle marker expression and fibrosis around the myenteric plexus suggest that both contractile function of smooth muscle cells and regulation of their contractile functionality could be compromised.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"4 2","pages":"187-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.34","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47150878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional assessment tool for predicting sarcopenia in chronic liver disease","authors":"Tatsunori Hanai,&nbsp;Makoto Shiraki,&nbsp;Kayoko Nishimura,&nbsp;Yui Ogiso,&nbsp;Kenji Imai,&nbsp;Atsushi Suetsugu,&nbsp;Koji Takai,&nbsp;Masahito Shimizu","doi":"10.1002/rco2.40","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rco2.40","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Subjective global assessment (SGA) and Royal Free Hospital-global assessment (RFH-GA) are clinically useful for assessing malnutrition. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sarcopenia, which predicts poor clinical outcomes in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), and these two methods.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective study included 240 consecutive patients admitted to our hospital between October 2011 and January 2014. Sarcopenia and RFH-GA were evaluated using anthropometric measurements and computed tomography-based skeletal muscle area. The primary outcome was whether nutritional assessment methods could predict sarcopenia. In addition, factors associated with sarcopenia and mortality were evaluated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The median age was 70 years, 67% were men, and 17% had sarcopenia. Malnourished patients assessed by SGA (<i>P</i> = 0.02) and RFH-GA (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) had a significantly higher prevalence of sarcopenia than did well-nourished patients. After adjustment for age, sex, aetiology, and albumin, multivariate analysis revealed that RFH-GA, but not SGA, was a significant predictor of sarcopenia [odds ratio, 2.47; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.15–5.33]. During a median follow-up of 2.7 years, 113 patients died. The overall survival rates were significantly lower in malnourished patients assessed by SGA (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) and RFH-GA (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) than in well-nourished patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that RFH-GA [hazard ratio (HR), 1.51; 95% CI, 1.02–2.23] and SGA (HR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.19–3.32) were independently associated with mortality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Royal Free Hospital-global assessment is a simple bedside screening tool for identifying sarcopenia and predicting mortality in patients with CLD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"4 2","pages":"150-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.40","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42959357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recruitment strategies for sarcopenia trials: lessons from the LACE randomized controlled trial","authors":"Miles D. Witham,&nbsp;Marcus Achison,&nbsp;Terry J. Aspray,&nbsp;Alison Avenell,&nbsp;Margaret M. Band,&nbsp;Peter T. Donnan,&nbsp;Jacob George,&nbsp;Adrian Hapca,&nbsp;Cheryl Hume,&nbsp;Paul Kemp,&nbsp;Kristina Pilvinyte,&nbsp;Avan A. Sayer,&nbsp;Karen T. Smith,&nbsp;Allan D. Struthers,&nbsp;Deepa Sumukadas","doi":"10.1002/rco2.38","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rco2.38","url":null,"abstract":"Sarcopenia is rarely diagnosed and is not recorded electronically in routine clinical care, posing challenges to trial recruitment. We describe the performance of four components of a strategy to efficiently recruit participants with sarcopenia to a trial of perindopril and/or leucine for sarcopenia: primary care vs. hospital recruitment, a comparison of central vs. local telephone pre‐screening, performance of a questionnaire on physical function conducted as part of the pre‐screening telephone call, and performance of bioimpedance measurement to identify low muscle mass.","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"4 2","pages":"93-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.38","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43631226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediators and clinical treatment for cancer cachexia: a systematic review","authors":"Zhipeng Cao,&nbsp;Andrew M. Scott,&nbsp;Nick J. Hoogenraad,&nbsp;Laura D. Osellame","doi":"10.1002/rco2.30","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rco2.30","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cachexia, a complex multi-organ syndrome, shortens survival time of patients, particularly those with cancer. Many studies and clinical trials have been carried out to identify cachexia-inducing factors and potential treatments for cancer cachexia over the last 20 years. Of these factors, some are promising targets for treatment in humans, owing to their expression profiles in patients. Several clinical interventions, which act on either cachexia-inducing factors or tissues affected by cachexia, have been developed. Some have had positive effects in the treatment of cancer cachexia; however, the question remains whether these interventions reverse cancer cachexia and could be used as standard interventions for disease treatment. The aim of this review is to understand the basic mechanisms and factors that induce cancer cachexia and their efficacies in clinical trials, providing a better outlook for future studies of cancer cachexia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic search was performed using PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov databases for cachexia mediators and clinical trials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of all databases and peer-reviewed facts considered, 256 papers and 35 clinical trials were included in this systematic review. Twenty-one mediators were identified, and 17 clinical interventions were reported in these studies. Outcomes of these clinical trials were assessed on changes in overall survival, body weight, lean body mass, appetite, muscle strength, muscle function, quality of life, and cytokine levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is no current standard or successful intervention for treating cancer cachexia. Further research is needed to improve our understanding of initiators of cachexia to achieve successful outcomes in cachexia clinical trials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"4 2","pages":"166-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.30","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48201716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of new biomarkers for sarcopenia and characterization of cathepsin D biomarker","authors":"Corine L'hôte,&nbsp;Benoît Cordier,&nbsp;Alain Labasse,&nbsp;Christelle Boileau,&nbsp;Bérénice Costes,&nbsp;Yves Henrotin","doi":"10.1002/rco2.26","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rco2.26","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sarcopenia is the progressive generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function that occurs with aging. This study was undertaken to identify new biomarkers of sarcopenia by proteomics analysis of female sera.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A case–control study was set up, for which 19 sarcopenic subjects and 20 control subjects, according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia Older People criteria published in 2010 (EWGSOP1), were enrolled. All the subjects were at least 65 years old and in majority female. Biomarker screening was performed by a comparative mass spectrometry analysis. Protein expression levels between the two groups were compared. One of the identified biomarkers, cathepsin D, was measured by immunoassay on the serum of the full sample set (<i>n</i> = 39). Its diagnostic performance was evaluated with a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two biomarkers were identified: fructose-biphosphate aldolase A (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05) and cathepsin D (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05). The levels of all of them were higher in sarcopenic patients. It was confirmed by immunoassay that cathepsin D levels in serum were significantly higher in the sarcopenic group of patients (<i>P</i> = 0.038). An inverse correlation (−0.385) was observed between cathepsin D levels in serum and gait speed. The area under the ROC curve measurement (AUC = 0.696) demonstrated that cathepsin D levels could discriminate between sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic subjects. A predictive model including cathepsin D, age, and body mass index was established to improve the diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.908).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cathepsin D has been identified as a diagnostic biomarker of sarcopenia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"4 2","pages":"122-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.26","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46036271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using a quick timed-up-and-go test to predict surgical risk","authors":"Catherine L. Boereboom,&nbsp;Rachel B. McGuinness,&nbsp;Philip J. J. Herrod,&nbsp;James E. M. Blackwell,&nbsp;Tanvir S. Sian,&nbsp;Hannah Boyd-Carson,&nbsp;John P. Williams,&nbsp;Jonathan N. Lund,&nbsp;Bethan E. Phillips","doi":"10.1002/rco2.36","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rco2.36","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has important implications for post-operative recovery. The timed-up-and-go (TUG) test is a cheap and simple method to assess a patient's functional performance; although how well TUG correlates with results of a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), the gold standard measure of CRF is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the correlation between CPET-derived parameters of CRF and TUG times in a group of older adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ninety-eight independent community dwelling older adults [mean age: 72 years (range: 61–86), mean body mass index: 26.3 ± 3.1 kg/m², 54 male] were recruited to this study; completing 180 CPET and TUG testing sessions over a 28 month period. The correlation between CPET-derived CRF parameters and TUG time was assessed, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine clinically useful cut-off points in TUG time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Median TUG time was 7.1 s [interquartile range (IQR): 4–8.5], median VO₂ peak was 24.4 mL/kg/min (IQR: 20.2–29.2), and the median anaerobic threshold (AT) was 13.4 mL/kg/min (IQR: 8.6–16.5). There was a statistically significant negative correlation between TUG time and AT (<i>r</i> = −0.317, <i>P</i> = &lt;0.0001) and TUG time and VO₂ peak (<i>r</i> = −0.4247, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis determined a TUG time of ≥6.5 s to have an 82% sensitivity and 60% specificity to detect an AT &lt;11.0 mL/kg/min, the point at below which perioperative mortality is known to increase.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite strong evidence for the utility of pre-operative CPET in stratifying surgical risk, CPET is not universally available. Our finding of a correlation between TUG time and CPET-derived parameters of CRF (AT/VO₂ peak) suggests that TUG may be a useful surrogate in the pre-operative setting.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"4 2","pages":"159-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.36","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42352599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Angiotensin receptor blockers use and changes in frailty, muscle mass, and function indexes: Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study","authors":"Tze Pin Ng,&nbsp;Tu N. Nguyen,&nbsp;Qi Gao,&nbsp;Ma Shwe Zin Nyunt,&nbsp;Keng Bee Yap,&nbsp;Shiou-Liang Wee","doi":"10.1002/rco2.31","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rco2.31","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pre-clinical studies suggest that renin–angiotensin system blockade may improve muscle function. Clinical reports of the effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) on physical functioning are inconsistent. There are no reports of the effect of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) treatment in older adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analysed data of 1268 participants in the Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study (SLAS-2) who provided information on the use of ACEI, ARB, and other antihypertensive drugs at baseline and follow-up (mean 4.5 years later). Baseline and follow-up outcome measures were cumulated deficits frailty index (CD-FI), physical phenotype frailty index (PP-FI), calf circumference (CC), knee extension strength, composite muscle mass and strength (MMS) <i>z</i>-score, and gait speed (GS). In primary analyses, we compared the use and non-use of an anti-hypertensive drug class among participants with hypertensive and cardiac disease, and secondarily with participants having other chronic diseases, and those who reported no chronic diseases. Multi-variable analyses adjusted for socioeconomic status, body mass index ≥30, ≥5 comorbidities, ≥5 drugs use, other non-ARB or non-ACEI drugs (calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, or hydrochlorothiazide), MMSE &lt;23, Geriatric Depression Scale score, Nutrition Screening Initiative nutritional risk, physical activities, baseline frailty, and physical performance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among study participants, 7.8% (<i>N</i> = 99) were ARB users (62% used losartan), 11.7% (<i>N</i> = 148) were ACEI users (53% used enalapril), and 34.2% (<i>N</i> = 434) were users of other anti-hypertensive drug classes. The cohort participants overall showed increases in the mean levels and changes in CD-FI and PP-FI and decreases in knee extension strength, GS, CC, and MMS. However, among groups, ARB users showed decreasing trends in CD-FI and increasing trends of CC and MMS. Among participants with hypertensive and cardiovascular disease, there were significant differences in CD-FI and PP-FI changes, adjusted for confounding variables: ARB users compared with non-users showed lesser declines in CD-FI (0.013 vs. 0.028, <i>P</i> = 0.018) and PP-FI (0.924 vs. 1.170, <i>P</i> = 0.017). ARB users also showed statistically significantly greater gains in MMS <i>z</i>-scores: 0.329 vs. 0.076, <i>P</i> = 0.022. There was no association of ACEI or other anti-hypertensive class use with changes in frailty, MMS, or GS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conc","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"4 2","pages":"111-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.31","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47146039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}