JCSM rapid communications最新文献

{"title":"Characterizing cancer-associated myosteatosis: anatomic distribution and cancer-specific variability of low radiodensity muscle","authors":"Victoria Armstrong,&nbsp;Cynthia Stretch,&nbsp;Liam Fitzgerald,&nbsp;Aquila Gopaul,&nbsp;Greg McKinnon,&nbsp;Jennifer Koziak,&nbsp;Karen Kopciuk,&nbsp;Nigel Brockton,&nbsp;Oliver F. Bathe","doi":"10.1002/rco2.46","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rco2.46","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Low muscle radiodensity on computed tomography (CT) scan, indicative of myosteatosis, is commonly observed in cancer patients and can be associated with poor prognosis. Radiodensity is typically measured at the level of the third lumbar vertebra (L3). It is unknown whether features at L3 reflect a systemic state affecting peripheral muscle groups, whether images used at different levels can be used as a surrogate if L3 images are unavailable, and how radiodensity varies between cancer types.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Core and extremity muscle radiodensities were measured in whole body CT images from melanoma patients to evaluate the anatomical distribution of muscle radiodensity measurements. Core muscle radiodensity was measured in 891 patients with different cancer types to study malignancy-dependent patterns in muscle radiodensity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Low muscle radiodensity at L3 (&lt;30 Hounsfield Unit) was associated with a corresponding lower muscle radiodensity in all muscle groups evaluated (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). However, muscle radiodensities were lowest in the core muscle groups compared with muscles in the extremities. Muscle radiodensities at T12 closely correlated with measurements taken at L3 (<i>r</i> = 0.920, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), but the correlation was weaker with mid-thigh measurements (<i>r</i> = 0.745, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). The distribution of muscle radiodensities varied significantly with cancer type (<i>P</i> = 0.002).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The uniform distribution of low muscle radiodensity in cancer patients supports the hypothesis that the underlying mechanism for myosteatosis is systemic in nature. The most reliable measurements of muscle radiodensity are taken using images of core muscles. Variations in muscle radiodensity associated with cancer exist, suggesting that cancer-specific biological drivers are at play.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"4 2","pages":"197-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.46","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51231457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered H19/miR-675 expression in skeletal muscle is associated with low muscle mass in community-dwelling older adults","authors":"Elie Antoun,&nbsp;Eugenia Migliavacca,&nbsp;Emma S Garratt,&nbsp;Sheila J Barton,&nbsp;Phil Titcombe,&nbsp;Leo D Westbury,&nbsp;Alica Baczynska,&nbsp;Richards Dodds,&nbsp;Helen C Roberts,&nbsp;Avan A Sayer,&nbsp;Sarah Shaw,&nbsp;H.E. Syddall,&nbsp;Allan Sheppard,&nbsp;Craig McFarlane,&nbsp;Neerja Karnani,&nbsp;Terrence Forrester,&nbsp;Cyrus Cooper,&nbsp;Jerome N Feige,&nbsp;Harnish P Patel,&nbsp;Keith M Godfrey,&nbsp;Karen A Lillycrop,&nbsp;the EpiGen Global Research Consortium","doi":"10.1002/rco2.44","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rco2.44","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite increasing knowledge of the pathogenesis of muscle ageing, the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Based on an expression analysis of muscle biopsies from older Caucasian men, we undertook an in-depth analysis of the expression of the long non-coding RNA, <i>H19</i>, to identify molecular mechanisms that may contribute to the loss of muscle mass with age.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We carried out transcriptome analysis of <i>vastus lateralis</i> muscle biopsies from 40 healthy Caucasian men aged 68–76 years from the Hertfordshire Sarcopenia Study (HSS) with respect to appendicular lean mass adjusted for height (ALMi). Validation and replication was carried out using qRT-PCR in 130 independent male and female participants aged 73–83 years recruited into an extension of the HSS (HSSe). DNA methylation was assessed using pyrosequencing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lower ALMi was associated with higher muscle <i>H19</i> expression (<i>r</i>² = 0.177, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). The microRNAs, <i>miR-675-5p/3p</i> encoded by exon 1 of <i>H19</i>, were positively correlated with <i>H19</i> expression (Pearson <i>r</i> = 0.192 and 0.182, respectively, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.03), and <i>miR-675-5p</i> expression negatively associated with ALMi (<i>r</i>² = 0.629, <i>P</i> = 0.005). The methylation of CpGs within the H19 imprinting control region (ICR) were negatively correlated with <i>H19</i> expression (Pearson <i>r</i> = −0.211 to −0.245, <i>P</i> ≤ 0.05). Moreover, RNA and protein levels of <i>SMAD1</i> and <i>5</i>, targets of <i>miR-675-3p</i>, were negatively associated with <i>miR-675-3p</i> (<i>r</i>² = 0.792 and 0.760, respectively) and <i>miR-675-5p</i> (<i>r</i>² = 0.584 and 0.723, respectively) expression, and <i>SMAD1</i> and <i>5</i> RNA levels positively associated with greater type II fibre size (<i>r</i>² = 0.184 and 0.246, respectively, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Increased expression profiles of <i>H19/miR-675-5p/3p</i> and lower expression of the anabolic <i>SMAD1/5</i> effectors of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling are associated with low muscle mass in older individuals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"4 2","pages":"207-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.44","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44596197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional recovery from eccentric injury is maintained in sarcopenic mouse muscle","authors":"Ana P. Valencia,&nbsp;Ashton T. Samuelson,&nbsp;Rudolph Stuppard,&nbsp;David J. Marcinek","doi":"10.1002/rco2.33","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rco2.33","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eccentric contractions induce muscle damage (EIMD) that compromises muscle function. Poor recovery from EIMD has been suggested to be a contributor to the decline in muscle function evident in sarcopenia, but it is unclear which aspects of muscle function are more susceptible to disruption by EIMD in old versus young muscle. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of impairment in contractile function (force, fatigue, tetanus and twitch kinetics) during the recovery from EIMD in VO mice compared to young adult (YA).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Male CB6F1 were obtained from National Institure of Aging colony. VO mice were 29–31 months of age, and YA mice were 7–9 months of age. The plantarflexor muscles were subjected to 20 eccentric contractions <i>in vivo</i> to induce injury (EIMD). Changes in tetanic force and kinetics were assessed before EIMD, immediately after EIMD and 3 days after EIMD (3d-EIMD). Force–frequency and rates of fatigue were assessed 3d-EIMD and compared with baseline. Histological analysis was conducted in injured and non-injured contralateral gastrocnemius muscle.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There was a greater loss in isometric tetanic force immediately following EIMD in VO compared with YA (−31.6% ± 10.4 vs. −21.7% ± 6.0, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). At 3d-EIMD, the rate of contraction of tetanus began to recover in VO, but not in YA (20.8% vs. −6.8%, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), whereas the extent of recovery of force tended to be greater in VO than YA (39.3% vs. 17.1%, <i>P</i> = 0.08) when compared with tetanic function immediately after injury. Compared with function pre-injury (baseline), VO and YA had similar deficits in tetanic force (−7.3% ± 5.3 vs. -9.2% ± 6.0, respectively) and kinetics at Day 3. Twitch kinetics (rate of relaxation) recovered faster in VO compared with YA. The rate of muscle fatigue was similar to baseline values, with VO continuing to be more fatigue resistant than YA 3d-EIMD. There were no detectable differences in muscle mass or myofibre cross-sectional area despite continued deficits in force following EIMD in either age group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite clear functional deficits and greater susceptibility to injury, aged sarcopenic muscle exhibited a similar ability to recover contractile function to younger muscle following EIMD. In addition, neither age group showed accelerated muscle fatigue in the recovery phase after EIMD; thus, sarcopenic mouse muscles do not appear to be more suscept","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"4 2","pages":"222-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.33","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51231625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ageing contributes to phenotype transition in a mouse model of periodic paralysis","authors":"Karen J. Suetterlin,&nbsp;S. Veronica Tan,&nbsp;Roope Mannikko,&nbsp;Rahul Phadke,&nbsp;Michael Orford,&nbsp;Simon Eaton,&nbsp;Avan A. Sayer,&nbsp;Miranda D. Grounds,&nbsp;Emma Matthews,&nbsp;Linda Greensmith,&nbsp;Michael G. Hanna","doi":"10.1002/rco2.41","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rco2.41","url":null,"abstract":"Periodic paralysis (PP) is a rare genetic disorder in which ion channel mutation causes episodic paralysis in association with hyper‐ or hypokalaemia. An unexplained but consistent feature of PP is that a phenotype transition occurs around the age of 40, in which the severity of potassium‐induced muscle weakness declines but onset of fixed, progressive weakness is reported. This phenotype transition coincides with the age at which muscle mass and optimal motor function start to decline in healthy individuals. We sought to determine if the phenotype transition in PP is linked to the normal ageing phenotype transition and to explore the mechanisms involved.","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"4 2","pages":"245-259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.41","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39806935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acoustic radiation force impulse elastography: a tool for muscle aging assessment: a pilot study","authors":"Sophie C. Regueme,&nbsp;Nora Frulio,&nbsp;Hervé Trillaud,&nbsp;Christophe Laurent,&nbsp;Eric Rullier,&nbsp;Benjamin Dallaudière,&nbsp;Isabelle Bourdel-Marchasson","doi":"10.1002/rco2.39","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rco2.39","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CAPARFI study explored whether sonoelastographic data collected using the acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) system are reliable when evaluating skeletal muscles and whether the technique can detect muscle changes with aging.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty young (YH; 18–30 years) and 30 old (OH; ≥70 years) healthy volunteers and 15 old patients with cancer (OP; ≥70 years) were assessed through quantitative ARFI measurements (m s⁻¹) of the relaxed rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, and soleus muscles, and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) test. The reliability in ARFI measurements was evaluated by intra-class correlation coefficient. Among-group differences in ARFI measurements and SPPB were evaluated using a global linear model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Acoustic radiation force impulse measurements demonstrated high reliability in all groups (intra-class correlation coefficient &gt; 0.82). ARFI measurements of the rectus femoris muscle were significantly lower in both the OH and OP groups than in the YH group (1.46 ± 0.12 and 1.50 ± 0.32 vs. 1.80 ± 0.35 m s⁻¹). The ARFI measurements of the soleus muscle were significantly lower in the OP group than in the YH group (1.37 ± 0.37 vs. 1.70 ± 0.53 m s⁻¹). No significant difference was observed for tibialis anterior muscle. Significantly lower SPPB scores were observed in the OP group (10.3 ± 1.4 out of 12) than in the YH (12.0 ± 0.0) and OH groups (11.5 ± 1.0).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study demonstrated that ARFI quantitative measurements are reliable in relaxed skeletal muscle and may be reliably used to explore muscle changes with aging and/or neoplasia in clinical practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"4 2","pages":"133-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.39","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47749234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sarcopenia diagnosis: comparison of automated with manual computed tomography segmentation in clinical routine","authors":"Louise Caudron,&nbsp;Alexandre Bussy,&nbsp;Svetlana Artemova,&nbsp;Katia Charrière,&nbsp;Salma El Lakkiss,&nbsp;Alexandre Moreau-Gaudry,&nbsp;Jean-Luc Bosson,&nbsp;Gilbert R. Ferretti,&nbsp;Eric Fontaine,&nbsp;Cécile Bétry","doi":"10.1002/rco2.37","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rco2.37","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cross-sectional muscle area (CSMA) at the mid third lumbar vertebra (L3) can be used for sarcopenia diagnosis. The measurement of CSMA is time-consuming and thus restricted to clinical research. We aimed to compare the automatic module ABACS (Automatic Body composition Analyser using Computed tomography image Segmentation software) with manual segmentation for CSMA assessment into clinical routine.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study population was screened retrospectively from a computed tomography-scan (CT-scan) database. All consecutive participants, hospitalized at the Grenoble University Hospital (CHU Grenoble Alpes) between January and May 2018, and with an abdominal CT-scan including sagittal reconstruction were included. The software SliceOmatic complemented with the module ABACS (ABACS-SliceOmatic) was compared with the software ImageJ. Their agreement was determined using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient and visualized in Bland–Altman plots for the CSMA measurement or with Cohen's kappa coefficient (<i>κ</i>) for sarcopenia status.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from 680 participants were analysed (mean age 59 ± 19 years, %females: 45.7). The concordance correlation coefficient between both types of software was 0.93 (CI95%: 0.92 to 0.94). Mean CSMA was significantly higher with ABACS-SliceOmatic (mean difference: 6.51 ± 10.50 cm²; <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Kappa agreement for sarcopenia diagnosis was moderate: 0.68 (CI95%: 0.62–0.74) and 0.71 (CI95%: 0.65–0.76) for Prado's and Derstine's definitions, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ABACS-SliceOmatic has moderate agreement with the manual software ImageJ in a routine clinical database. Our work suggests that ABACS-SliceOmatic should be used with caution in clinical practice. To improve its reliability, we suggest to manually validate the automatic segmentation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"4 2","pages":"103-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.37","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44322004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intestinal smooth muscle aberrations in pancreatic cancer patients with sarcopenia","authors":"Rianne D.W. Vaes,&nbsp;Tessa T.J. Welbers,&nbsp;David P.J. van Dijk,&nbsp;Dorit Rennspiess,&nbsp;Axel zur Hausen,&nbsp;Steven W.M. Olde Damink,&nbsp;Sander S. Rensen","doi":"10.1002/rco2.34","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rco2.34","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cancer cachexia is characterized by impaired function of skeletal and cardiac muscle. Smooth muscle is abundantly present in the body and critical for the function of the gastrointestinal tract. Given the frequently reported gastrointestinal symptoms in cancer patients, we hypothesized that the smooth musculature could be compromised in cancer patients with sarcopenia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Full-thickness jejunal tissue sections from 57 pancreatic cancer patients were analysed by picrosirius red stains and immunohistochemistry for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), smoothelin, and CD117 (c-kit). Muscle wall thickness, contractile marker expression, and collagen deposition were quantified. Patients were assigned to a sarcopenia or non-sarcopenia group based on their skeletal muscle index.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intestinal smooth muscle wall thickness did not differ between the sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia group (1,661 ± 125.0 vs. 1,439 ± 93.5 μm, <i>P</i> = 0.41). Whereas α-SMA staining intensity was similar in both groups, staining intensity of smoothelin, a key marker of the contractile smooth muscle cell phenotype, was reduced (143.0 ± 22.6 vs. 125.4 ± 29.3 arbitrary units, <i>P</i> = 0.02) in sarcopenic patients. The distribution of CD117⁺ interstitial cells of Cajal was similar in both groups, but pronounced collagen deposition around the myenteric plexus was more often observed in patients with sarcopenia (<i>P</i> = 0.04).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These data suggest that cancer cachexia is not only associated with skeletal and cardiac muscle wasting, but also affects the intestinal smooth musculature. Reduced contractile smooth muscle marker expression and fibrosis around the myenteric plexus suggest that both contractile function of smooth muscle cells and regulation of their contractile functionality could be compromised.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"4 2","pages":"187-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.34","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47150878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional assessment tool for predicting sarcopenia in chronic liver disease","authors":"Tatsunori Hanai,&nbsp;Makoto Shiraki,&nbsp;Kayoko Nishimura,&nbsp;Yui Ogiso,&nbsp;Kenji Imai,&nbsp;Atsushi Suetsugu,&nbsp;Koji Takai,&nbsp;Masahito Shimizu","doi":"10.1002/rco2.40","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rco2.40","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Subjective global assessment (SGA) and Royal Free Hospital-global assessment (RFH-GA) are clinically useful for assessing malnutrition. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sarcopenia, which predicts poor clinical outcomes in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), and these two methods.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective study included 240 consecutive patients admitted to our hospital between October 2011 and January 2014. Sarcopenia and RFH-GA were evaluated using anthropometric measurements and computed tomography-based skeletal muscle area. The primary outcome was whether nutritional assessment methods could predict sarcopenia. In addition, factors associated with sarcopenia and mortality were evaluated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The median age was 70 years, 67% were men, and 17% had sarcopenia. Malnourished patients assessed by SGA (<i>P</i> = 0.02) and RFH-GA (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) had a significantly higher prevalence of sarcopenia than did well-nourished patients. After adjustment for age, sex, aetiology, and albumin, multivariate analysis revealed that RFH-GA, but not SGA, was a significant predictor of sarcopenia [odds ratio, 2.47; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.15–5.33]. During a median follow-up of 2.7 years, 113 patients died. The overall survival rates were significantly lower in malnourished patients assessed by SGA (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) and RFH-GA (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) than in well-nourished patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that RFH-GA [hazard ratio (HR), 1.51; 95% CI, 1.02–2.23] and SGA (HR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.19–3.32) were independently associated with mortality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Royal Free Hospital-global assessment is a simple bedside screening tool for identifying sarcopenia and predicting mortality in patients with CLD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"4 2","pages":"150-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.40","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42959357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recruitment strategies for sarcopenia trials: lessons from the LACE randomized controlled trial","authors":"Miles D. Witham,&nbsp;Marcus Achison,&nbsp;Terry J. Aspray,&nbsp;Alison Avenell,&nbsp;Margaret M. Band,&nbsp;Peter T. Donnan,&nbsp;Jacob George,&nbsp;Adrian Hapca,&nbsp;Cheryl Hume,&nbsp;Paul Kemp,&nbsp;Kristina Pilvinyte,&nbsp;Avan A. Sayer,&nbsp;Karen T. Smith,&nbsp;Allan D. Struthers,&nbsp;Deepa Sumukadas","doi":"10.1002/rco2.38","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rco2.38","url":null,"abstract":"Sarcopenia is rarely diagnosed and is not recorded electronically in routine clinical care, posing challenges to trial recruitment. We describe the performance of four components of a strategy to efficiently recruit participants with sarcopenia to a trial of perindopril and/or leucine for sarcopenia: primary care vs. hospital recruitment, a comparison of central vs. local telephone pre‐screening, performance of a questionnaire on physical function conducted as part of the pre‐screening telephone call, and performance of bioimpedance measurement to identify low muscle mass.","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"4 2","pages":"93-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.38","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43631226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediators and clinical treatment for cancer cachexia: a systematic review","authors":"Zhipeng Cao,&nbsp;Andrew M. Scott,&nbsp;Nick J. Hoogenraad,&nbsp;Laura D. Osellame","doi":"10.1002/rco2.30","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rco2.30","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cachexia, a complex multi-organ syndrome, shortens survival time of patients, particularly those with cancer. Many studies and clinical trials have been carried out to identify cachexia-inducing factors and potential treatments for cancer cachexia over the last 20 years. Of these factors, some are promising targets for treatment in humans, owing to their expression profiles in patients. Several clinical interventions, which act on either cachexia-inducing factors or tissues affected by cachexia, have been developed. Some have had positive effects in the treatment of cancer cachexia; however, the question remains whether these interventions reverse cancer cachexia and could be used as standard interventions for disease treatment. The aim of this review is to understand the basic mechanisms and factors that induce cancer cachexia and their efficacies in clinical trials, providing a better outlook for future studies of cancer cachexia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic search was performed using PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov databases for cachexia mediators and clinical trials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of all databases and peer-reviewed facts considered, 256 papers and 35 clinical trials were included in this systematic review. Twenty-one mediators were identified, and 17 clinical interventions were reported in these studies. Outcomes of these clinical trials were assessed on changes in overall survival, body weight, lean body mass, appetite, muscle strength, muscle function, quality of life, and cytokine levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is no current standard or successful intervention for treating cancer cachexia. Further research is needed to improve our understanding of initiators of cachexia to achieve successful outcomes in cachexia clinical trials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"4 2","pages":"166-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.30","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48201716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}