JCSM rapid communications最新文献

{"title":"Janus kinase inhibitors suppress cancer cachexia-associated anorexia and adipose wasting in mice","authors":"Gurpreet K. Arora,&nbsp;Arun Gupta,&nbsp;Tong Guo,&nbsp;Aakash Y. Gandhi,&nbsp;Aaron Laine,&nbsp;Dorothy L. Williams,&nbsp;Chul Ahn,&nbsp;Puneeth Iyengar,&nbsp;Rodney E. Infante","doi":"10.1002/rco2.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.24","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cachexia, a syndrome of muscle atrophy, adipose loss, and anorexia, is associated with reduced survival in cancer patients. The colon adenocarcinoma C26c20 cell line secretes the cytokine leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), which induces cachexia. We characterized how LIF promotes cachexia-associated weight loss and anorexia in mice through Janus kinase (JAK)-dependent changes in adipose and hypothalamic tissues.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cachexia was induced <i>in vivo</i> with the heterotopic allotransplanted administration of C26c20 colon adenocarcinoma cells or the intraperitoneal administration of recombinant LIF in the absence or presence of JAK inhibitors. Blood, adipose, and hypothalamic tissues were collected and processed for cytokine/adipokine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, immunoblot analysis, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Cachexia-associated lipolysis was induced <i>in vitro</i> by stimulating differentiated adipocytes with recombinant LIF or interleukin (IL)-6 in the absence or presence of lipase or JAK inhibitors. These adipocytes were processed for glycerol release into the media, immunoblot analysis, and RT-PCR.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tumour-secreted LIF induced changes in adipose tissue expression and serum levels of IL-6 and leptin in a JAK-dependent manner influencing cachexia-associated adipose wasting and anorexia. We identified two JAK inhibitors that block IL-6 family-mediated adipocyte lipolysis and IL-6 induction using an <i>in vitro</i> cachexia lipolysis assay. JAK inhibitors administered to the <i>in vivo</i> C26c20 cancer cachexia mouse models led to (i) a decrease in signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 phosphorylation in hypothalamic and adipose tissues, (ii) a reverse in the cachexia serum cytokine/adipokine signature, (iii) a delay in cancer cachexia-associated anorexia and adipose loss, and (iv) an improvement in overall survival.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>JAK inhibitors suppress LIF-associated adipose loss and anorexia in both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> models of cancer cachexia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"3 2","pages":"115-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.24","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71978550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computed tomography, not bioelectrical impedance analysis, is the proper method for evaluating changes in skeletal muscle mass in liver disease","authors":"Masatsugu Ohara,&nbsp;Goki Suda,&nbsp;Megumi Kimura,&nbsp;Osamu Maehara,&nbsp;Tomoe Shimazaki,&nbsp;Taku Shigesawa,&nbsp;Kazuharu Suzuki,&nbsp;Akihisa Nakamura,&nbsp;Naoki Kawagishi,&nbsp;Masato Nakai,&nbsp;Takuya Sho,&nbsp;Mitsuteru Natsuizaka,&nbsp;Kenichi Morikawa,&nbsp;Koji Ogawa,&nbsp;Naoya Sakamoto","doi":"10.1002/rco2.20","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rco2.20","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sarcopenia is associated with poor prognosis in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). As rapid skeletal muscle wasting predicts worse prognosis and a novel therapy for sarcopenia needs to be evaluated for validation, accurate evaluation methods for relative changes in muscle mass are crucial.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We screened CLD patients who had skeletal muscle mass evaluation between June 2015 and December 2017. Patients were included if they had adequate information, were followed for &gt;6 months, and had skeletal muscle mass evaluation by both bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and computed tomography (CT) imaging at baseline and the second evaluation point. We compared BIA and CT imaging in terms of their ability to quantify skeletal muscle mass and identify relative changes in muscle mass in CLD patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the screened 447 CLD patients, 110 were included in this study, and 71 (64.5%) were men. The median age was 68 (range 21 to 90) years. In total, 83 (75.5%) and 32 (29.1%) patients had liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, respectively. Of them, 50 (45.5%) patients were liver cirrhosis patients without hepatocellular carcinoma through the observation period. Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) by BIA, psoas muscle mass index (PMI), and SMI based on CT imaging were significantly correlated at baseline [SMI by simple CT method and SMI by BIA (<i>r</i> = 0.61, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01), SMI by BIA and PMI (<i>r</i> = 0.65, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01), and SMI by simple CT method and PMI (<i>r</i> = 0.82, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01), respectively] and second evaluation point [SMI by simple CT method and SMI by BIA (<i>r</i> = 0.51, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01), SMI by BIA and PMI (<i>r</i> = 0.58, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01), and SMI by simple CT method and PMI (<i>r</i> = 0.92, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01), respectively]. Similar to previous reports, based on the PMI and SMI by simple CT method, patients with more severe liver dysfunction experienced more rapid skeletal muscle mass loss (ΔSimple method/years and ΔPMI/years in patients with Child‑Pugh Classes A, B, and C: Child‑Pugh A, −3.34%; B, −11.77%; C, −18.78%; and Child‑Pugh A, −0.78%; B, −6.33%; C, −7.71%, respectively). Completely opposite results were obtained based on SMI by BIA (Child‑Pugh A, −0.70%; B, 1.42%; C, 12.48%). A subgroup analysis revealed that in patients with fluid retention and diuretic administration, SMI by BIA increased with time (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"3 2","pages":"103-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.20","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47167239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of cancer-related weight loss and sarcopenia in the UK and Ireland: incidence, prevalence, and clinical impact","authors":"Erin S. Sullivan,&nbsp;Louise E. Daly,&nbsp;Derek G. Power,&nbsp;Aoife M. Ryan","doi":"10.1002/rco2.19","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rco2.19","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Weight loss (WL) and sarcopenia are associated with negative oncological outcomes including poor treatment tolerance, decreased quality of life, and reduced survival. The number of patients affected by sarcopenia and WL in Ireland and the UK is unknown.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic review was undertaken to determine median rate of WL &gt; 5% and computed tomography-diagnosed sarcopenia in oncology populations. Gaps in the literature were supplemented using local data, collected as part of a 5 year prospective study. Rates of WL and sarcopenia in the population were extrapolated from these data based on incidence and prevalence of each cancer as per national cancer registries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We estimated that across Ireland and the UK, 128 892 cancer patients (34%) are affected by WL &gt; 5% annually (121 641 UK; 7251 Ireland) and there are 133 707 annual cases of sarcopenia in cancer patients (35%) (126 265 UK; 7442 Ireland). Furthermore, we estimate that there are 716 124 and 771 589 cancer survivors with history of WL &gt; 5% or sarcopenia, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Large numbers of patients are affected by cancer-related malnutrition. Given the impact of malnutrition on oncological outcomes and long-term frailty, there is an urgent need to improve access to cancer nutrition care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"3 2","pages":"91-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.19","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48573176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased tumour burden alters skeletal muscle properties in the KPC mouse model of pancreatic cancer","authors":"Ravneet Vohra,&nbsp;Matthew D. Campbell,&nbsp;Joshua Park,&nbsp;Stella Whang,&nbsp;Kayla Gravelle,&nbsp;Yak-Nam Wang,&nbsp;Joo-Ha Hwang,&nbsp;David J. Marcinek,&nbsp;Donghoon Lee","doi":"10.1002/rco2.13","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rco2.13","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial wasting syndrome that is characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass and weakness, which compromises physical function, reduces quality of life, and ultimately can lead to mortality. Experimental models of cancer cachexia have recapitulated this skeletal muscle atrophy and consequent decline in muscle force-generating capacity. We address these issues in a novel transgenic mouse model Kras, Trp53, and Pdx-1-Cre (<i>KPC</i>) of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using multi-parametric magnetic resonance measures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>KPC</i> mice (<i>n</i> = 10) were divided equally into two groups (<i>n</i> = 5 per group) depending on the size of the tumour, that is, tumour size &lt;250 and &gt;250 mm³. Using multi-parametric magnetic resonance measures, we demonstrated the changes in the gastrocnemius muscle at the microstructural level. In addition, we evaluated skeletal muscle contractile function in <i>KPC</i> mice using an <i>in vivo</i> approach.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Increase in tumour size resulted in decrease in gastrocnemius maximum cross-sectional area, decrease in T₂ relaxation time, increase in magnetization transfer ratio, decrease in mean diffusivity, and decrease in radial diffusivity of water across the muscle fibres. Finally, we detected significant decrease in absolute and specific force production of gastrocnemius muscle with increase in tumour size.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings indicate that increase in tumour size may cause alterations in structural and functional parameters of skeletal muscles and that MR parameters may be used as sensitive biomarkers to non-invasively detect structural changes in cachectic muscles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"3 2","pages":"44-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.13","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38502653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypothesis: Potassium sparing by angiotensin and aldosterone inhibitors preserves skeletal muscle mass in chronic heart failure","authors":"Lara Zwakman-Hessels,&nbsp;Miriam Zeillemaker-Hoekstra,&nbsp;Maarten W. Nijsten","doi":"10.1002/rco2.17","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rco2.17","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cachexia complicates many chronic diseases. In chronic or congestive heart failure (CHF), cachexia independently contributes to decreased survival. Although diuretics have long been part of standard treatment of CHF, the addition of angiotensin and aldosterone antagonists to the standard treatment regimen has considerably improved the outcome of CHF. Both loop diuretics and the up-regulation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system caused by CHF induce loss of total body potassium (TBK).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In addition to the causal association of loss of muscle mass with loss of TBK, we propose that the reverse mechanism also exists. The known beneficial effects of angiotensin and aldosterone inhibition may partly result from preserved TBK with consequent muscle mass preservation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We propose that monitoring of muscle mass, potassium balances, and TBK should be included in future CHF studies to verify this hypothesis and allow further optimization of therapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"3 2","pages":"77-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.17","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42787128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The wasting-associated metabolite succinate disrupts myogenesis and impairs skeletal muscle regeneration","authors":"Paige C. Arneson-Wissink,&nbsp;Kelly A. Hogan,&nbsp;Alexandra M. Ducharme,&nbsp;Adrienne Samani,&nbsp;Aminah Jatoi,&nbsp;Jason D. Doles","doi":"10.1002/rco2.14","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rco2.14","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Muscle wasting is a debilitating co-morbidity affecting most advanced cancer patients. Alongside enhanced muscle catabolism, defects in muscle repair/regeneration contribute to cancer-associated wasting. Among the factors implicated in suppression of muscle regeneration are cytokines that interfere with myogenic signal transduction pathways. Less understood is how other cancer/wasting-associated cues, such as metabolites, contribute to muscle dysfunction. This study investigates how the metabolite succinate affects myogenesis and muscle regeneration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We leveraged an established ectopic metabolite treatment (cell permeable dimethyl-succinate) strategy to evaluate the ability of intracellular succinate elevation to (i) affect myoblast homeostasis (proliferation and apoptosis), (ii) disrupt protein dynamics and induce wasting-associated atrophy, and (iii) modulate <i>in vitro</i> myogenesis. <i>In vivo</i> succinate supplementation experiments (2% succinate and 1% sucrose vehicle) were used to corroborate and extend <i>in vitro</i> observations. Metabolic profiling and functional metabolic studies were then performed to investigate the impact of succinate elevation on mitochondria function.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that <i>in vitro</i> succinate supplementation elevated intracellular succinate about 2-fold and did not have an impact on proliferation or apoptosis of C2C12 myoblasts. Elevated succinate had minor effects on protein homeostasis (~25% decrease in protein synthesis assessed by O-propargyl-puromycin staining), and no significant effect on myotube atrophy. Succinate elevation interfered with <i>in vitro</i> myoblast differentiation, characterized by significant decreases in late markers of myogenesis and fewer nuclei per myosin heavy chain positive structure (assessed by immunofluorescence staining). While mice orally administered succinate did not exhibit changes in overall body composition or whole muscle weights, these mice displayed smaller muscle myofiber diameters (~6% decrease in the mean of non-linear regression curves fit to the histograms of minimum feret diameter distribution), which was exacerbated when muscle regeneration was induced with barium chloride injury. Significant decreases in the mean of non-linear regression curves fit to the histograms of minimum feret diameter distributions were observed 7 and 28 days post injury. Elevated numbers of myogenin positive cells (three-fold increase) supportive of the differentiation defects observed <i>in vitro</i> were observed 28 days post injury. Metabolic profiling and","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"3 2","pages":"56-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.14","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38359622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overexpression of HSP70 attenuates sarcopenia by suppressing the expression of miR-133b","authors":"Tábata L. Nascimento,&nbsp;Ruben Mestril,&nbsp;Elen H. Miyabara","doi":"10.1002/rco2.12","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rco2.12","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of the present investigation is to evaluate the effect of the overexpression of inducible 70-kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) on sarcopenic muscles of aged mice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tibialis anterior muscles of aged and young transgenic mice overexpressing HSP70 and wild-type mice were evaluated. Old mice were treated with the HSP inducer O-[3-piperidino-2-hydroxy-1-propyl]-nicotinic amidoxime (BGP-15) for 10 days, and their muscles were analysed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Old HSP70 transgenic mice presented a less pronounced decrease in myofiber size, lower protein levels of Foxo3a, and a spared increase in miRNA-133b expression when compared with old wild-type mice. Moreover, in BGP-15-treated old mice, the reduction in myofiber size was less intense, and the decline in muscle specific force was attenuated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results suggest that HSP70 overexpression attenuates sarcopenia in old mice, and this effect may be mediated by miR-133b down-regulation. In addition, BGP-15 treatment may be a useful strategy to mitigate the effects of sarcopenia in old mice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"3 2","pages":"70-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.12","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43336800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between computed tomography-derived body composition and survival in colorectal cancer: the effect of image software","authors":"Ross D. Dolan,&nbsp;Yu-Tzu Tien,&nbsp;Paul G. Horgan,&nbsp;Christine A. Edwards,&nbsp;Donald C. McMillan","doi":"10.1002/rco2.15","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rco2.15","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the literature, there is considerable variation of the proportion of patients reported as having a low skeletal muscle index (SMI) (sarcopenia) or skeletal muscle radiodensity (SMD) (myosteatosis). The aim of the present study was to compare two commonly used software packages, one manual and one semi-automated to quantify body composition of patients with colorectal cancer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study included 341 patients with colorectal cancer. ImageJ and Slice-O-Matic were used to quantify the computed tomography images for total fat index, visceral obesity (visceral fat index, VFI), high subcutaneous fat index (SFI), sarcopenia (SMI), and myosteatosis (SMD). Bland–Altman analysis was conducted to test agreement of the two software programs for these indices. Survival analysis was carried out using previously defined thresholds and Cox regression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In Bland–Altman analysis, ImageJ gave consistently higher values for all body composition parameters (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), resulting in more patients classified as high SFI (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) and high VFI (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) and fewer patients being classified as low SMI (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001) and SMD (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). The difference between SFI calculated using ImageJ and Slice-O-Matic was +7.9%. The difference between VFI, calculated using ImageJ and Slice-O-Matic, was +20.3%. The difference between low SMI and SMDs, estimated using ImageJ and Slice-O-Matic, was +2.9% and +1.2%, respectively. SFI, VFI, SMI (Dolan), SMD (Dolan), SMI (Martin), and SMD (Martin) were significantly associated with shorter overall survival using ImageJ (all <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ImageJ when compared with Slice-O-Matic gave higher values of different body composition parameters, and this impacted on the number of patients classified according to defined thresholds and their relationship with survival.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"3 2","pages":"81-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.15","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47971004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"JCSM Rapid Communications: from basic science to clinical research","authors":"Stephan von Haehling,&nbsp;Nicole Ebner","doi":"10.1002/rco2.16","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rco2.16","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The <i>Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle - Rapid Communications</i> (<i>JCSM Rapid Commun</i>) has already been launched more than one year ago and has started to publish several papers from across the spectrum of cachexia, sarcopenia, and other wasting disorders, from muscle disease like neuromuscular illness to clinical syndromes like frailty. As can be seen from the table below, the articles published so far cover a broad spectrum of topics from clinical to basic research.\u0000\u0000 </p><p>Even though the table suggests that most manuscripts stem from the basic research arena, it is our aim to cover the entire spectrum of research in wasting and muscle diseases and to provide a platform for researchers from around the globe for this area that still remains a niche of research. Indeed, topics include randomized trials such as the Auckland's Cancer Cachexia evaluating Resistance Training (ACCeRT) trial that evaluated the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and celecoxib vs. eicosapentaenoic acid and celecoxib plus progressive resistance training followed by ingestion of essential amino acids high in leucine in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.<span>¹³</span> Other studies also cover aspects of nutritional intake like omega-3 and omega-3/curcumin-enriched fruit juices<span>¹</span> and their effects on muscle wasting or the effects of a leucine-rich diet in tumour-bearing animals.<span>⁴</span> Klose <i>et al</i>. studied stem cell activation,<span>²</span> whereas Alves <i>et al</i>. and Bekki <i>et al</i>. studied different aspects of exercise training in animal models.<span>^{7, 8}</span> Apart from publishing original research, one of our ideas is to cover different pharmacological approaches to muscle wasting in a series of dedicated review articles, one of which is presented in the current issue covering growth hormone secretagogues like anamorelin,<span>¹²</span> a substance that has received much attention recently for its ability to improve muscle mass in the ROMANA trial.<span>^{15, 16}</span> Unfortunately, anamorelin failed to improve muscle strength. Nevertheless, anamorelin follows a pharmacological concept that is used in fields as diverse as growth retardation, improvement of body composition, and gastrointestinal function, all of which are covered in the review article by Ishida <i>et al</i>.<span>¹²</span></p><p><i>JCSM Rapid Commun</i> started out of dedication to the field of wasting disorders, but also out of necessity. When we launched the mother journal, the <i>Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle</i> in 2010, we did not expect such an avalanche of papers that it is currently receiving. Many very good papers still have to be rejected, simply for lack of space. However, we decided that these papers should not leave the realm of cachexia and wasting research, which gave birth to the idea of a daughter journal, <i>JCSM C","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"3 2","pages":"41-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.16","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44618458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multi-targeted treatment approach to cancer cachexia: Auckland's Cancer Cachexia evaluating Resistance Training (ACCeRT) trial","authors":"Elaine S. Rogers,&nbsp;Rita Sasidharan,&nbsp;Graeme M. Sequeira,&nbsp;Matthew R. Wood,&nbsp;Stephen P. Bird,&nbsp;Justin W.L. Keogh,&nbsp;Bruce Arroll,&nbsp;Joanna Stewart,&nbsp;Roderick D. MacLeod","doi":"10.1002/rco2.10","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rco2.10","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cancer cachexia is a condition often seen at diagnosis, throughout anti-cancer treatments and in end-stage non-small-cell lung cancer patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants with late-stage non-small-cell lung cancer and cachexia (defined as ≥5% weight loss within 12 months) were randomly assigned 1:2 to 2.09 g of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 300 mg of cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib orally once daily vs. same dosing of EPA, celecoxib, plus two sessions per week of progressive resistance training and 20 g of oral essential amino acids high in leucine in a split dose over 3 days, after each session. Primary endpoint was the acceptability of the earlier multi-targeted approach. Main secondary endpoints included change in body weight and fat-free mass, by bioelectric impedance analysis and total quadriceps muscle volume by magnetic resonance imaging over 20 weeks. Sixty-nine patients were screened resulting in 20 patients being enrolled. Acceptability scored high, with 4.5/5 (Arm A) and 5/5 (Arm B) for EPA and 5/5 for celecoxib within both arms and 4.8/5 for progressive resistance training sessions and 4.5/5 for essential amino acids within Arm B, all at Week 20. Results showed a net gain in bioelectric impedance analysis fat-free mass of +1.3 kg, n = 2 (Arm A), compared with +0.7 kg, n = 7 (Arm B) at Week 12, and —1.5 kg, n = 2 (Arm A), compared with —1.7 kg, n = 4 (Arm B) at Week 20. Trends in efficacy in terms of improvement and/or stability in cachexia markers were seen within magnetic resonance imaging muscle volume, albumin, and C-reactive protein levels within both arms. There were no exercise-related adverse events, with one possible related adverse event of asymptomatic atrial fibrillation in one participant within Arm A.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Non-small-cell lung cancer cachectic patients are willing to be enrolled onto a multi-targeted treatment regimen and may benefit from cachexia symptom management even during the late/refractory stage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"3 1","pages":"11-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.10","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51231062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}