JCSM rapid communications最新文献

{"title":"Issue Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/rco2.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.42","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract is available for this article.","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47497999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saturated fatty acids intake is associated with muscle atrophy in rheumatoid arthritis","authors":"Mayu Sebe, R. Tsutsumi, Satoka Senoura, J. Kishi, Marina Iuchi, Yuna Mishima, Y. Tsutsumi, Masashi Kuroda, N. Harada, Y. Nakaya, Seizo Kinoshita, Y. Nishioka, H. Sakaue","doi":"10.1002/rco2.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.53","url":null,"abstract":"Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation, abnormal body composition, and an increased risk for sarcopenia. Muscle wasting in turn increases the risk of infection, morbidity, and premature mortality, but little is known of the relation between nutrient intake and sarcopenia in RA.","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"5 1","pages":"101 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47424859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voluntary exercise influences metastatic organotropism in a murine colorectal cancer model","authors":"Liza A. Wijler, Daniëlle A. E. Raats, A. Verheem, A. Otter, H. Rundqvist, M. Dijk, A. May, O. Kranenburg","doi":"10.1002/rco2.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.51","url":null,"abstract":"Physical activity is associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and CRC‐specific mortality. However, evidence for a causal relationship between physical activity and disease progression is lacking. Here, we have used CRC organoids to create a novel mouse model for spontaneous metastasis formation to multiple organs. We have used this model to assess the influence of voluntary exercise on disease progression.","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"5 1","pages":"117 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.51","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49206019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sarcopenia in young adults with congenital heart disease","authors":"Z. Khajali, Maryam Aliramezany, Fateme Jorfi, Homa Ghaderian, M. Maleki, H. Malek, S. Lotfian, Yasaman Khalili, N. Naderi","doi":"10.1002/rco2.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.49","url":null,"abstract":"The chronic nature of congenital heart diseases (CHDs) leads to the activation of inflammatory and neurohormonal processes in the body, and there is a possibility of the occurrence of other complications such as sarcopenia. The aim of the present study was to evaluate sarcopenia prevalence in adult patients with CHDs.","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"5 1","pages":"77 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.49","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47632628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of chemotherapy‐induced muscle wasting in mice with cancer cachexia","authors":"K. Murphy, K. Swiderski, J. Ryall, J. Davey, H. Qian, S. Lamon, V. Foletta, J. Trieu, A. Chee, Suzannah J. Read, T. Naim, P. Gregorevic, G. Lynch","doi":"10.1002/rco2.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.50","url":null,"abstract":"Cachexia is a debilitating complication of cancer characterized by progressive wasting and weakness of skeletal muscles that reduces quality of life and can compromise survival. Many anticancer treatments, such as chemotherapy, also cause muscle wasting, which impairs the response to treatment. Given that many cancer patients present with cachexia at the initiation of treatment, we investigated whether cachectic mice were susceptible to chemotherapy‐induced muscle wasting and to investigate contributing mechanisms, including the dysregulation of microRNAs (miRs).","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"5 1","pages":"102 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.50","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41931288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The clinical significance of the calf circumference in non‐small‐cell lung cancer patients who undergo surgery","authors":"Akihiro Nagoya, R. Kanzaki, K. Kimura, Eriko Fukui, T. Kanou, N. Ose, S. Funaki, M. Minami, Y. Shintani","doi":"10.1002/rco2.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.48","url":null,"abstract":"Calf circumference (CC), the greatest girth of the lower leg, is a simple tool for assessing sarcopenia. Its significance in patients with resectable non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unknown.","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"5 1","pages":"40 - 51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.48","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42864605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts of the 13th International Conference on Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle Wasting, 11-13 December 2020","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/rco2.35","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rco2.35","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>1-01</b></p><p><b>Rehabilitating cachexia: development and functional characterization of a novel longitudinal and translational model of cancer-associated cachexia</b></p><p><b>Ishan Roy</b>^1,2, Ben Binder-Markey^1,2, Danielle Sychowski¹, Donna McAllister³, Dominic D'Andrea¹, Colin Franz^1,2, Michael B. Dwinell³ and Richard L. Lieber^1,2</p><p>¹<i>Shirley Ryan AbilityLab (formerly known as Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago), Chicago, IL, USA;</i> ²<i>Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA;</i> ³<i>Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA</i></p><p><b>Introduction:</b> The physiologic mechanisms that drive functional changes due to cachexia are poorly understood. Existing cachexia models limit our ability to address these mechanisms because they either express a rare tumour type or cause rapid death. Such models are not amenable to multi-domain functional analysis of rehabilitation protocols, which typically require 6–8 weeks. The goal of this study was to develop and functionally characterize a longitudinal model of cancer-associated cachexia.</p><p><b>Methods:</b> The “KPC orthotopic injection” pancreatic cancer mouse model was selected for optimization. We tested multiple cell clones, cell doses, and vehicle types in order to maximize survival. <i>Ex vivo</i> analysis included skeletal and cardiac muscle mass. Functional characterization included: hind-limb grip strength for muscle function; open-field arena for ambulation and anxiety; Y-maze for spatial memory; and Morris Water Maze and Rotarod for endurance.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Serial dilution of multiple KPC clones yielded optimal conditions for extending median survival, from 3 weeks up to 8.5 weeks post-injection using the KPC orthotopic model (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). In weekly <i>ex vivo</i> analysis, the optimized model resulted in progressive skeletal and cardiac muscle mass loss at 5 weeks post-injection and continued through 9 weeks (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Starting 5 weeks post-injection, animals had 8% decline in grip strength (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and a sustained decrease in distance ambulated and gait speed of 30–50% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Animal subjects retained spatial memory similar to controls, indicating that functional deficits were not confounded by behavioural change. There was also a trend towards decreased motor endurance (<i>p</i> = 0.07) at 5 weeks and increased open-field anxiety (<i>p</i> = 0.06) at 8 weeks.</p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> This optimized model of cancer-associated cachexia demonstrates progressive loss of muscle and function in multiple domains while accounting for potential confounding factors of cognition and behaviour. The model is tailored for longitudinal studies and sets the stage for mechanistic and translational studies o","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"4 2","pages":"260-326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.35","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49117970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peak oxygen uptake correlates with indices of sarcopenia, frailty, and cachexia in older Japanese outpatients","authors":"Masamitsu Sugie,&nbsp;Kazumasa Harada,&nbsp;Tetsuya Takahashi,&nbsp;Marina Nara,&nbsp;Hajime Fujimoto,&nbsp;Shunei Kyo,&nbsp;Hideki Ito","doi":"10.1002/rco2.45","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rco2.45","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Peak oxygen uptake (peak VO₂) is known not only as an index of aerobic fitness but also one of an index of life expectancy. Frailty, sarcopenia, and cachexia are associated with a poor prognosis and high mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships of peak VO₂ with the features of sarcopenia, frailty, and cachexia, to provide insight into which might mediate the poor prognosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The first group of participants was 175 community-dwelling older Japanese outpatients (58 men and 117 women; mean age 77.6 ± 6.4 years), in whom we assessed the features of sarcopenia, frailty, and cachexia, and measured peak VO₂ during cardiopulmonary exercise. To confirm the relationships, we analysed another group of 162 participants (77.3 ± 5.5 years).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There were significant correlations between peak VO₂ and the features of sarcopenia, frailty, and cachexia, with the exception of high sensitivity C-reactive protein. Multiple linear regression analysis for the prediction of peak VO₂ (mL/min) identified following formula: predicted peak VO₂ = −11.6 × age (years) + 25.5 × haemoglobin concentration (g/dL) + 114.2 × skeletal muscle mass index (kg/m²) + 8.9 × hand grip strength (kg) + 226.4 × usual walking speed (m/s) − 65.8 × fatiguability (absence 0, presence 1) − 177.4 × chronic heart failure (absence 0, presence 1) + 437.1 (<i>R</i>² = 0.627, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). The validity of the formula was confirmed with another group (<i>r</i> = 0.78, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study has identified the features of sarcopenia, frailty, and cachexia that are related to peak VO₂ in an older population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"4 2","pages":"141-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.45","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51231873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing cancer-associated myosteatosis: anatomic distribution and cancer-specific variability of low radiodensity muscle","authors":"Victoria Armstrong,&nbsp;Cynthia Stretch,&nbsp;Liam Fitzgerald,&nbsp;Aquila Gopaul,&nbsp;Greg McKinnon,&nbsp;Jennifer Koziak,&nbsp;Karen Kopciuk,&nbsp;Nigel Brockton,&nbsp;Oliver F. Bathe","doi":"10.1002/rco2.46","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rco2.46","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Low muscle radiodensity on computed tomography (CT) scan, indicative of myosteatosis, is commonly observed in cancer patients and can be associated with poor prognosis. Radiodensity is typically measured at the level of the third lumbar vertebra (L3). It is unknown whether features at L3 reflect a systemic state affecting peripheral muscle groups, whether images used at different levels can be used as a surrogate if L3 images are unavailable, and how radiodensity varies between cancer types.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Core and extremity muscle radiodensities were measured in whole body CT images from melanoma patients to evaluate the anatomical distribution of muscle radiodensity measurements. Core muscle radiodensity was measured in 891 patients with different cancer types to study malignancy-dependent patterns in muscle radiodensity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Low muscle radiodensity at L3 (&lt;30 Hounsfield Unit) was associated with a corresponding lower muscle radiodensity in all muscle groups evaluated (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). However, muscle radiodensities were lowest in the core muscle groups compared with muscles in the extremities. Muscle radiodensities at T12 closely correlated with measurements taken at L3 (<i>r</i> = 0.920, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), but the correlation was weaker with mid-thigh measurements (<i>r</i> = 0.745, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). The distribution of muscle radiodensities varied significantly with cancer type (<i>P</i> = 0.002).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The uniform distribution of low muscle radiodensity in cancer patients supports the hypothesis that the underlying mechanism for myosteatosis is systemic in nature. The most reliable measurements of muscle radiodensity are taken using images of core muscles. Variations in muscle radiodensity associated with cancer exist, suggesting that cancer-specific biological drivers are at play.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"4 2","pages":"197-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.46","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51231457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered H19/miR-675 expression in skeletal muscle is associated with low muscle mass in community-dwelling older adults","authors":"Elie Antoun,&nbsp;Eugenia Migliavacca,&nbsp;Emma S Garratt,&nbsp;Sheila J Barton,&nbsp;Phil Titcombe,&nbsp;Leo D Westbury,&nbsp;Alica Baczynska,&nbsp;Richards Dodds,&nbsp;Helen C Roberts,&nbsp;Avan A Sayer,&nbsp;Sarah Shaw,&nbsp;H.E. Syddall,&nbsp;Allan Sheppard,&nbsp;Craig McFarlane,&nbsp;Neerja Karnani,&nbsp;Terrence Forrester,&nbsp;Cyrus Cooper,&nbsp;Jerome N Feige,&nbsp;Harnish P Patel,&nbsp;Keith M Godfrey,&nbsp;Karen A Lillycrop,&nbsp;the EpiGen Global Research Consortium","doi":"10.1002/rco2.44","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rco2.44","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite increasing knowledge of the pathogenesis of muscle ageing, the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Based on an expression analysis of muscle biopsies from older Caucasian men, we undertook an in-depth analysis of the expression of the long non-coding RNA, <i>H19</i>, to identify molecular mechanisms that may contribute to the loss of muscle mass with age.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We carried out transcriptome analysis of <i>vastus lateralis</i> muscle biopsies from 40 healthy Caucasian men aged 68–76 years from the Hertfordshire Sarcopenia Study (HSS) with respect to appendicular lean mass adjusted for height (ALMi). Validation and replication was carried out using qRT-PCR in 130 independent male and female participants aged 73–83 years recruited into an extension of the HSS (HSSe). DNA methylation was assessed using pyrosequencing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lower ALMi was associated with higher muscle <i>H19</i> expression (<i>r</i>² = 0.177, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). The microRNAs, <i>miR-675-5p/3p</i> encoded by exon 1 of <i>H19</i>, were positively correlated with <i>H19</i> expression (Pearson <i>r</i> = 0.192 and 0.182, respectively, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.03), and <i>miR-675-5p</i> expression negatively associated with ALMi (<i>r</i>² = 0.629, <i>P</i> = 0.005). The methylation of CpGs within the H19 imprinting control region (ICR) were negatively correlated with <i>H19</i> expression (Pearson <i>r</i> = −0.211 to −0.245, <i>P</i> ≤ 0.05). Moreover, RNA and protein levels of <i>SMAD1</i> and <i>5</i>, targets of <i>miR-675-3p</i>, were negatively associated with <i>miR-675-3p</i> (<i>r</i>² = 0.792 and 0.760, respectively) and <i>miR-675-5p</i> (<i>r</i>² = 0.584 and 0.723, respectively) expression, and <i>SMAD1</i> and <i>5</i> RNA levels positively associated with greater type II fibre size (<i>r</i>² = 0.184 and 0.246, respectively, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Increased expression profiles of <i>H19/miR-675-5p/3p</i> and lower expression of the anabolic <i>SMAD1/5</i> effectors of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling are associated with low muscle mass in older individuals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"4 2","pages":"207-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.44","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44596197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}