JCSM rapid communications最新文献

{"title":"Sarcopenic obesity and the risk of hospitalization or death from coronavirus disease 2019: findings from UK Biobank.","authors":"Thomas J Wilkinson,&nbsp;Thomas Yates,&nbsp;Luke A Baker,&nbsp;Francesco Zaccardi,&nbsp;Alice C Smith","doi":"10.1002/rco2.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.47","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The role of skeletal muscle mass in modulating immune response is well documented. Whilst obesity is well established as a key factor in COVID-19 and outcome, no study has examined the influence of both sarcopenia (low muscle mass) and obesity, termed 'sarcopenic obesity' on the risk of severe COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study uses data from UK Biobank. Probable sarcopenia was defined as low handgrip strength. Sarcopenic obesity was mutually exclusively defined as the presence of obesity and low muscle mass [based on two established criteria: appendicular lean mass (ALM) adjusted for either (i) height or (ii) body mass index]. Severe COVID-19 was defined by a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 test result in a hospital setting and/or death with a primary cause reported as COVID-19. Fully adjusted logistic regression models were used to analyse the associations between sarcopenic status and severe COVID-19. This work was conducted under UK Biobank Application Number 52553.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analysed data from 490 301 UK Biobank participants (median age 70.0 years, 46% male); 2203 (0.4%) had severe COVID-19. Individuals with probable sarcopenia were 64% more likely to have had severe COVID-19 (odds ratio 1.638; <i>P</i> < 0.001). Obesity increased the likelihood of severe COVID-19 by 76% (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Using either ALM index or ALM/body mass index to define low muscle mass, those with sarcopenic obesity were 2.6 times more likely to have severe COVID-19 (odds ratio 2.619; <i>P</i> < 0.001). Sarcopenia alone did not increase the risk of COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sarcopenic obesity may increase the risk of severe COVID-19, over that of obesity alone. The mechanisms for this are complex but could be a result of a reduction in respiratory functioning, immune response, and ability to respond to metabolic stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"5 1","pages":"3-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.47","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39432676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscle wasting in cancer: opportunities and challenges for exercise in clinical cancer trials.","authors":"Ciaran M Fairman,&nbsp;Simon Lønbro,&nbsp;Thomas D Cardaci,&nbsp;Brandon N VanderVeen,&nbsp;Tormod S Nilsen,&nbsp;Angela E Murphy","doi":"10.1002/rco2.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.56","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Low muscle in cancer is associated with an increase in treatment-related toxicities and is a predictor of cancer-related and all-cause mortality. The mechanisms of cancer-related muscle loss are multifactorial, including anorexia, hypogonadism, anaemia, inflammation, malnutrition, and aberrations in skeletal muscle protein turnover and metabolism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this narrative review, we summarise relevant literature to (i) review the factors influencing skeletal muscle mass regulation, (ii) provide an overview of how cancer/treatments negatively impact these, (iii) review factors beyond muscle signalling that can impact the ability to participate in and respond to an exercise intervention to counteract muscle loss in cancer, and (iv) provide perspectives on critical areas of future research.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Despite the well-known benefits of exercise, there remains a paucity of clinical evidence supporting the impact of exercise in cancer-related muscle loss. There are numerous challenges to reversing muscle loss with exercise in clinical cancer settings, ranging from the impact of cancer/treatments on the molecular regulation of muscle mass, to clinical challenges in responsiveness to an exercise intervention. For example, tumour-related/treatment-related factors (e.g. nausea, pain, anaemia, and neutropenia), presence of comorbidities (e.g. diabetes, arthritis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), injuries, disease progression and bone metastases, concomitant medications (e.g., metformin), can negatively affect an individual's ability to exercise safely and limit subsequent adaptation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review identifies numerous gaps and oppportunities in the area of low muscle and muscle loss in cancer. Collaborative efforts between preclinical and clinical researchers are imperative to both understanding the mechanisms of atrophy, and develop appropriate therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":" ","pages":"52-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9481195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40367778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/rco2.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.42","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract is available for this article.","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47497999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saturated fatty acids intake is associated with muscle atrophy in rheumatoid arthritis","authors":"Mayu Sebe, R. Tsutsumi, Satoka Senoura, J. Kishi, Marina Iuchi, Yuna Mishima, Y. Tsutsumi, Masashi Kuroda, N. Harada, Y. Nakaya, Seizo Kinoshita, Y. Nishioka, H. Sakaue","doi":"10.1002/rco2.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.53","url":null,"abstract":"Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation, abnormal body composition, and an increased risk for sarcopenia. Muscle wasting in turn increases the risk of infection, morbidity, and premature mortality, but little is known of the relation between nutrient intake and sarcopenia in RA.","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"5 1","pages":"101 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47424859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voluntary exercise influences metastatic organotropism in a murine colorectal cancer model","authors":"Liza A. Wijler, Daniëlle A. E. Raats, A. Verheem, A. Otter, H. Rundqvist, M. Dijk, A. May, O. Kranenburg","doi":"10.1002/rco2.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.51","url":null,"abstract":"Physical activity is associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and CRC‐specific mortality. However, evidence for a causal relationship between physical activity and disease progression is lacking. Here, we have used CRC organoids to create a novel mouse model for spontaneous metastasis formation to multiple organs. We have used this model to assess the influence of voluntary exercise on disease progression.","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"5 1","pages":"117 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.51","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49206019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sarcopenia in young adults with congenital heart disease","authors":"Z. Khajali, Maryam Aliramezany, Fateme Jorfi, Homa Ghaderian, M. Maleki, H. Malek, S. Lotfian, Yasaman Khalili, N. Naderi","doi":"10.1002/rco2.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.49","url":null,"abstract":"The chronic nature of congenital heart diseases (CHDs) leads to the activation of inflammatory and neurohormonal processes in the body, and there is a possibility of the occurrence of other complications such as sarcopenia. The aim of the present study was to evaluate sarcopenia prevalence in adult patients with CHDs.","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"5 1","pages":"77 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.49","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47632628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of chemotherapy‐induced muscle wasting in mice with cancer cachexia","authors":"K. Murphy, K. Swiderski, J. Ryall, J. Davey, H. Qian, S. Lamon, V. Foletta, J. Trieu, A. Chee, Suzannah J. Read, T. Naim, P. Gregorevic, G. Lynch","doi":"10.1002/rco2.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.50","url":null,"abstract":"Cachexia is a debilitating complication of cancer characterized by progressive wasting and weakness of skeletal muscles that reduces quality of life and can compromise survival. Many anticancer treatments, such as chemotherapy, also cause muscle wasting, which impairs the response to treatment. Given that many cancer patients present with cachexia at the initiation of treatment, we investigated whether cachectic mice were susceptible to chemotherapy‐induced muscle wasting and to investigate contributing mechanisms, including the dysregulation of microRNAs (miRs).","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"5 1","pages":"102 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.50","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41931288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The clinical significance of the calf circumference in non‐small‐cell lung cancer patients who undergo surgery","authors":"Akihiro Nagoya, R. Kanzaki, K. Kimura, Eriko Fukui, T. Kanou, N. Ose, S. Funaki, M. Minami, Y. Shintani","doi":"10.1002/rco2.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.48","url":null,"abstract":"Calf circumference (CC), the greatest girth of the lower leg, is a simple tool for assessing sarcopenia. Its significance in patients with resectable non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unknown.","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"5 1","pages":"40 - 51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.48","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42864605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts of the 13th International Conference on Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle Wasting, 11-13 December 2020","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/rco2.35","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rco2.35","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>1-01</b></p><p><b>Rehabilitating cachexia: development and functional characterization of a novel longitudinal and translational model of cancer-associated cachexia</b></p><p><b>Ishan Roy</b>^1,2, Ben Binder-Markey^1,2, Danielle Sychowski¹, Donna McAllister³, Dominic D'Andrea¹, Colin Franz^1,2, Michael B. Dwinell³ and Richard L. Lieber^1,2</p><p>¹<i>Shirley Ryan AbilityLab (formerly known as Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago), Chicago, IL, USA;</i> ²<i>Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA;</i> ³<i>Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA</i></p><p><b>Introduction:</b> The physiologic mechanisms that drive functional changes due to cachexia are poorly understood. Existing cachexia models limit our ability to address these mechanisms because they either express a rare tumour type or cause rapid death. Such models are not amenable to multi-domain functional analysis of rehabilitation protocols, which typically require 6–8 weeks. The goal of this study was to develop and functionally characterize a longitudinal model of cancer-associated cachexia.</p><p><b>Methods:</b> The “KPC orthotopic injection” pancreatic cancer mouse model was selected for optimization. We tested multiple cell clones, cell doses, and vehicle types in order to maximize survival. <i>Ex vivo</i> analysis included skeletal and cardiac muscle mass. Functional characterization included: hind-limb grip strength for muscle function; open-field arena for ambulation and anxiety; Y-maze for spatial memory; and Morris Water Maze and Rotarod for endurance.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Serial dilution of multiple KPC clones yielded optimal conditions for extending median survival, from 3 weeks up to 8.5 weeks post-injection using the KPC orthotopic model (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). In weekly <i>ex vivo</i> analysis, the optimized model resulted in progressive skeletal and cardiac muscle mass loss at 5 weeks post-injection and continued through 9 weeks (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Starting 5 weeks post-injection, animals had 8% decline in grip strength (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and a sustained decrease in distance ambulated and gait speed of 30–50% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Animal subjects retained spatial memory similar to controls, indicating that functional deficits were not confounded by behavioural change. There was also a trend towards decreased motor endurance (<i>p</i> = 0.07) at 5 weeks and increased open-field anxiety (<i>p</i> = 0.06) at 8 weeks.</p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> This optimized model of cancer-associated cachexia demonstrates progressive loss of muscle and function in multiple domains while accounting for potential confounding factors of cognition and behaviour. The model is tailored for longitudinal studies and sets the stage for mechanistic and translational studies o","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"4 2","pages":"260-326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.35","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49117970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peak oxygen uptake correlates with indices of sarcopenia, frailty, and cachexia in older Japanese outpatients","authors":"Masamitsu Sugie,&nbsp;Kazumasa Harada,&nbsp;Tetsuya Takahashi,&nbsp;Marina Nara,&nbsp;Hajime Fujimoto,&nbsp;Shunei Kyo,&nbsp;Hideki Ito","doi":"10.1002/rco2.45","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rco2.45","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Peak oxygen uptake (peak VO₂) is known not only as an index of aerobic fitness but also one of an index of life expectancy. Frailty, sarcopenia, and cachexia are associated with a poor prognosis and high mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships of peak VO₂ with the features of sarcopenia, frailty, and cachexia, to provide insight into which might mediate the poor prognosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The first group of participants was 175 community-dwelling older Japanese outpatients (58 men and 117 women; mean age 77.6 ± 6.4 years), in whom we assessed the features of sarcopenia, frailty, and cachexia, and measured peak VO₂ during cardiopulmonary exercise. To confirm the relationships, we analysed another group of 162 participants (77.3 ± 5.5 years).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There were significant correlations between peak VO₂ and the features of sarcopenia, frailty, and cachexia, with the exception of high sensitivity C-reactive protein. Multiple linear regression analysis for the prediction of peak VO₂ (mL/min) identified following formula: predicted peak VO₂ = −11.6 × age (years) + 25.5 × haemoglobin concentration (g/dL) + 114.2 × skeletal muscle mass index (kg/m²) + 8.9 × hand grip strength (kg) + 226.4 × usual walking speed (m/s) − 65.8 × fatiguability (absence 0, presence 1) − 177.4 × chronic heart failure (absence 0, presence 1) + 437.1 (<i>R</i>² = 0.627, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). The validity of the formula was confirmed with another group (<i>r</i> = 0.78, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study has identified the features of sarcopenia, frailty, and cachexia that are related to peak VO₂ in an older population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"4 2","pages":"141-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/rco2.45","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51231873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}