JCSM rapid communications最新文献

{"title":"Risedronate use may blunt appendicular lean mass loss secondary to sleeve gastrectomy: results from a pilot randomized controlled trial","authors":"Laura E. Flores,&nbsp;Kristen M. Beavers,&nbsp;Daniel P. Beavers,&nbsp;Katelyn A. Greene,&nbsp;Diana A. Madrid,&nbsp;Ryan M. Miller,&nbsp;Jamy D. Ard,&nbsp;Laura D. Bilek,&nbsp;Ashley A. Weaver","doi":"10.1002/rco2.72","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rco2.72","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite robust weight loss and cardiometabolic benefit, lean mass loss following sleeve gastrectomy (SG) confers health risk. Bisphosphonates are a potential therapeutic agent for lean mass maintenance. Thus, our objective was to explore the effect of 6 months of risedronate (vs. placebo) on change in dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)- and computed tomography (CT)-derived lean mass metrics in the year following SG.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-four SG patients were randomized to 6 months of 150-mg oral risedronate or placebo capsules (NCT03411902). Body composition was assessed at baseline and 6 months with optional 12-month follow-up using whole-body DXA and CT at the lumbar spine and mid-thigh. Group treatment effects and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were generated from a mixed model using contrast statements at 6 and 12 months, adjusted for baseline values.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 24 participants enrolled [55.7 ± 6.7 years (mean ± SD), 79% Caucasian, 83% women, body mass index (BMI) 44.7 ± 6.3 kg/m²], 21 returned for 6-month testing and 14 returned for 12-month testing. Six-month weight loss was −16.3 kg (−20.0, −12.5) and −20.9 kg (−23.7, −18.1) in the risedronate and placebo groups, respectively (<i>P</i> = 0.057). Primary analysis at 6 months revealed a non-significant sparing of appendicular lean mass in the risedronate group compared with placebo [−1.2 kg (−2.3, −0.1) vs. −2.1 kg (−3.0, −1.2)]; <i>P</i> = 0.20. By 12 months, the risedronate group displayed no change in appendicular lean mass from baseline [−0.5 kg (−1.5, 0.6)]; however, the placebo group experienced significantly augmented loss [−2.9 kg (−3.6, −2.1)].</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pilot data indicate that risedronate treatment may mitigate appendicular lean mass loss following SG. Further study is warranted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"6 1","pages":"18-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rco2.72","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9583542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risedronate or Exercise for Lean Mass Preservation During Menopause: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Laura E Flores, Kevin Kupzyk, Nancy Waltman, Kristen M Beavers, Laura Bilek","doi":"10.1002/rco2.59","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rco2.59","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The menopause transition is marked by hormonal shifts leading to body composition changes, such as fat mass gain and lean mass loss. Weight-bearing and resistance exercise can help maintain lean mass during the menopause transition; however, uptake is low. Pre-clinical research points to bisphosphonates as also being effective in preventing loss of lean mass. Thus, we sought to investigate whether bisphosphonate therapy can mitigate loss of lean mass and outperform weight-bearing exercise in the years immediately following menopause.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data come from the Heartland Osteoporosis Prevention Study (NCT02186600), where osteopenic, postmenopausal women were randomized to bisphosphonate (n=91), weight-bearing/resistance exercise (n=92), or control (n=93) conditions over a one-year period. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived body composition measures (including total lean mass, total fat mass, lean mass index, and lean mass-to-fat mass ratio) were ascertained at baseline, six, and 12-months. Adherence to risedronate and weight-bearing exercise was defined as the percentage of dosages taken and exercise sessions attended. Intent-to-treat analysis using linear modeling was used to generate treatment effects on body composition. Secondary analysis utilized per-protocol analysis and included adjustment for weight change.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>276 women (age: 54.5 years; 83.3% Caucasian; BMI: 25.7 kg/m²) were included in the analyses. 12-month adherence to the risedronate and exercise interventions was 89% and 64%, respectively. Group-by-time interactions were observed for lean mass, revealing exercise (0.43±1.49kg) and risedronate groups (0.31±1.68 kg) gained significantly more lean mass than control (-0.15±1.27 kg) over 12-months. However, after controlling for weight change in secondary analysis, the difference in lean mass change between control and risedronate became non-significant (<i>p=0.059</i>).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results suggest both 12 months of oral risedronate and 12 months of weight-bearing exercise may diminish lean mass loss experienced during the menopause transition as compared to control. The lean mass sparing effect for risedronate may be driven by overall weight change.</p>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"5 2","pages":"154-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9517955/pdf/nihms-1778461.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9729676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of circulating plasma ceramides as a potential sexually dimorphic biomarker of pancreatic cancer-induced cachexia.","authors":"Jeffery M Chakedis, Mary E Dillhoff, Carl R Schmidt, Priyani V Rajasekera, David C Evans, Terence M Williams, Denis C Guttridge, Erin E Talbert","doi":"10.1002/rco2.68","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rco2.68","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cancer patients who exhibit cachexia lose weight and have low treatment tolerance and poor outcomes compared to cancer patients without weight loss. Despite the clear increased risk for patients, diagnosing cachexia still often relies on self-reported weight loss. A reliable biomarker to identify patients with cancer cachexia would be a valuable tool to improve clinical decision making and identification of patients at risk of adverse outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Targeted metabolomics, that included panels of amino acids, tricarboxylic acids, fatty acids, acylcarnitines, and sphingolipids, were conducted on plasma samples from patients with confirmed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with and without cachexia and control patients without cancer (n=10/group, equally divided by sex). Additional patient samples were analyzed (total n=95) and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed to establish if any metabolite could effectively serve as a biomarker of cachexia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Targeted profiling revealed that cachectic patients had decreased circulating levels of three sphingolipids compared to either non-cachectic PDAC patients or patients without cancer. The ratio of C18-ceramide to C24-ceramide (C18:C24) outperformed a number of other previously proposed biomarkers of cachexia (area under ROC = 0.810). It was notable that some biomarkers, including C18:C24, were only altered in cachectic males.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings identify C18:C24 as a potentially new biomarker of PDAC-induced cachexia that also highlight a previously unappreciated sexual dimorphism in cancer cachexia.</p>","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"5 2","pages":"254-265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9797184/pdf/nihms-1812924.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10108764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MRI thigh measurements predict whole‐body skeletal muscle mass in patients with type 2 diabetes: a comparison with DXA","authors":"E. Brown, A. Williams, O. Hakim, M. Wilton, J. Harrold, David Hughes, G. Kemp, J. Wilding, L. Goff, D. Cuthbertson","doi":"10.1002/rco2.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.70","url":null,"abstract":"Sarcopenia is an age‐related loss of skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and function, associated with falls, frailty, and functional decline. It is more prevalent and often accelerated in people with Type 2 diabetes (T2D), especially when co‐existing with obesity (sarcopenic obesity). Accurate whole‐body SMM measurement, feasible using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), has utility both in clinical practice and in epidemiological and mechanistic research, considering the dual mechanical and metabolic function of skeletal muscle. Compared with MRI, DXA may underestimate age‐related muscle mass by up to 30%, and so direct comparison of DXA/MRI‐derived SMM measurements may be invalid in patients with obesity and T2D, who have potentially even more pronounced sarcopenia/sarcopenic obesity. We aimed to validate single‐slice or multiple‐slice measures of SMM, using MRI, with whole‐body SMM measures derived from DXA scans of appendicular lean soft tissue, specifically in patients with obesity and T2D.","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"5 1","pages":"149 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47873245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rescue of a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma gene network in muscle after growth of human breast tumour xenografts","authors":"David A. Stanton, Hannah E. Wilson, Matthew G. Chapa, J. Link, Kristin Lupinacci, W. Geldenhuys, E. Pistilli","doi":"10.1002/rco2.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.69","url":null,"abstract":"Fatigue is common in patents with breast cancer (BC), and can occur in patients with early stage disease and in the absence of muscle wasting (i.e. cachexia). We have reported transcriptional and proteomic alterations in muscles from BC patients, which are associated with fatigue. Mice implanted with human BC xenografts recapitulate the muscle molecular composition changes seen in patients, coupled with a greater rate of contraction‐induced fatigue. Multiple bioinformatics platforms in both human and mouse muscles have identified peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG) as central to this phenotype, with several PPARG target genes downregulated in muscle in response to tumour growth. The current study tested the hypothesis that the PPARG agonist pioglitazone (pio), a commonly prescribed diabetes drug, would rescue the transcriptional alterations observed in muscles of tumour‐bearing mice.","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"5 1","pages":"239 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43373166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscle mass change using linear measurement analysis after nephrectomy for pT3 and pT4 renal cell carcinoma is associated with mortality","authors":"A. Medline, Eric Midenberg, Dattatraya Patil, Sean T. Evans, N. Vettikattu, F. Kamal, K. Ogan, S. Psutka, M. Bilen, V. Master","doi":"10.1002/rco2.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.66","url":null,"abstract":"Preoperative skeletal muscle deficiency is an established risk factor for poor survival outcomes in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, given the dynamic nature of skeletal muscle associated with malignancy, there is a need to evaluate the prognostic benefit of muscle area change from the preoperative to postoperative period. We hypothesize that an improvement in muscle area following nephrectomy, measured by linear segmentation of L3 psoas and paraspinal musculature, is associated with improvement in overall survival (OS) and cancer specific survival (CSS) for patients with pT3 and pT4 RCC.","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"5 1","pages":"205 - 211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48762448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human primary skeletal muscle‐derived myoblasts and fibroblasts reveal different senescent phenotypes","authors":"Thomas G. Francis, O. Jaka, G. Ellison‐Hughes, N. Lazarus, S. Harridge","doi":"10.1002/rco2.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.67","url":null,"abstract":"The age‐related loss of muscle mass and quality, sarcopenia, has many contributing factors, one of which may be cellular senescence, but this is not well defined in human skeletal muscle.","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"5 1","pages":"226 - 238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44143484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computed tomography measured tissue density of pectoral muscle and liver predicts outcomes in heart transplant recipients","authors":"A. Kuchnia, J. Lortie, Katie J Osterbauer, T. Hess, N. Stabo, Nanae Tsuchiya, N. Wheeler, N. Binkley, C. François, M. Schiebler, J. Hermsen, R. Dhingra","doi":"10.1002/rco2.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.62","url":null,"abstract":"Computed tomography (CT)‐derived measures of tissue quality can add to frailty assessment and improve selection of candidates for heart transplant. We investigated the prognostic value of CT measures of tissue density for predicting hospital length of stay (LOS) and mortality post‐transplant.","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"5 1","pages":"171 - 181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42461952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psoas muscle measurement as a marker of sarcopenia predicts risk of Grade 4 or 5 baseline chronic kidney disease and its progression","authors":"Davine Yang, Sameena Iqbal, K. Rafatzand, C. Scheede-Bergdahl","doi":"10.1002/rco2.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.63","url":null,"abstract":"Psoas muscle area (PMA) has recently been found to be an appropriate surrogate for whole‐body skeletal muscle mass and a measure of sarcopenia. Sarcopenia, which includes a decreased muscle mass and correlated with physical disability, morbidity, and mortality, is prevalent in and has deleterious consequences for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The current study investigates the association of PMA, as a marker of sarcopenia, with baseline kidney function and CKD progression.","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"5 1","pages":"182 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49600761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of cachexia on dietary intakes, symptoms, and quality of life in advanced cancer","authors":"K. Amano, V. Baracos, T. Morita, T. Miura, N. Mori, Ryohei Tatara, Takaomi Kessoku, A. Tokoro, Keita Tagami, Hiroyuki Otani, M. Mori, T. Taniyama, N. Nakajima, Erika Nakanishi, J. Kako, Daisuke Kiuchi, H. Ishiki, H. Matsuoka, E. Satomi, M. Miyashita","doi":"10.1002/rco2.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.61","url":null,"abstract":"The relationships between cachexia stages and the Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Therapy Anorexia Cachexia Subscale (FAACT ACS) 12‐item, 5‐item anorexia symptoms, and 4‐item anorexia concerns have not been investigated in Asian patients with advanced cancer.","PeriodicalId":73544,"journal":{"name":"JCSM rapid communications","volume":"5 1","pages":"162 - 170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48780092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}