JCEM case reportsPub Date : 2024-12-05eCollection Date: 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1210/jcemcr/luae221
Marcus Imamovic, Mattias Vågberg, Kristina Cederquist, Per Dahlqvist
{"title":"Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia in a Patient With a Mutation in the Insulin Receptor.","authors":"Marcus Imamovic, Mattias Vågberg, Kristina Cederquist, Per Dahlqvist","doi":"10.1210/jcemcr/luae221","DOIUrl":"10.1210/jcemcr/luae221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemias resulting from variants in the insulin receptor (<i>INSR</i>) gene are rare but clinically important disorders. We present a male patient in his 30s, experiencing recurrent postprandial hypoglycemic events. Endocrine evaluation revealed an elevated insulin-to-C-peptide ratio. A hypoglycemia gene panel, using next-generation sequencing, identified a heterozygous nonsense variant in the <i>INSR</i> gene (NM_000208.4) c.3079C > T, p.(Arg1027*). Initial treatment with diazoxide reduced hypoglycemic symptoms and led to weight loss and decreased hemoglobin A1c due to reduced compensatory carbohydrate intake. However, limiting side effects on diazoxide prompted a treatment switch to lanreotide with maintained absence of hypoglycemic events. This case highlights the importance of considering variants in the <i>INSR</i> gene as a differential diagnosis in hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia cases, even in adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":73540,"journal":{"name":"JCEM case reports","volume":"2 12","pages":"luae221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11630748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JCEM case reportsPub Date : 2024-12-04eCollection Date: 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1210/jcemcr/luae222
Elizabeth Wootton, Clement Wong, Amanda Love, David A Pattison
{"title":"Successful Localization of Recurrent MEN-1-Associated Hyperparathyroidism With 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT.","authors":"Elizabeth Wootton, Clement Wong, Amanda Love, David A Pattison","doi":"10.1210/jcemcr/luae222","DOIUrl":"10.1210/jcemcr/luae222","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73540,"journal":{"name":"JCEM case reports","volume":"2 12","pages":"luae222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11630037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JCEM case reportsPub Date : 2024-12-04eCollection Date: 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1210/jcemcr/luae223
Susan Seav, Mazen Atiq, Ying-Chun Lo, Jagruti Shah, Oliver Dorigo, Chrysoula Dosiou
{"title":"Presentation and Management of Highly Differentiated Follicular Carcinoma of Ovarian Origin With <i>DICER1</i> Gene Variants.","authors":"Susan Seav, Mazen Atiq, Ying-Chun Lo, Jagruti Shah, Oliver Dorigo, Chrysoula Dosiou","doi":"10.1210/jcemcr/luae223","DOIUrl":"10.1210/jcemcr/luae223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Struma ovarii (SO) is a rare subtype of ovarian teratoma composed of more than 50% thyroid tissue. Extraovarian spread of SO, called peritoneal strumosis, was previously considered benign given the lack of histological malignant features. However, the 2020 World Health Organization Classification of Female Genital Tumors reclassified peritoneal strumosis as highly differentiated follicular carcinoma of ovarian origin (HDFCO), highlighting its low-grade malignant potential. We present a 38-year-old woman with SO treated initially with right salpingo-oophorectomy, with recurrence 2 years later with multifocal metastatic lesions in the abdomen and pelvis that was successfully treated with surgical resection, total thyroidectomy, and 157 mCi of I-131. Tumor molecular testing revealed a pathogenic <i>DICER1</i> variant (c.5428G>T, exon 25). A second variant (c.319delins13, exon 4) was of uncertain significance. Germline testing confirmed the second <i>DICER1</i> variant and also identified an increased risk variant in the <i>APC</i> gene (c.3920T>A). This is a rare case of extensive HFDCO with <i>DICER1</i> variants, which has been associated with thyroid cancer. Given the germline <i>DICER1</i> variant, this may also represent the first reported instance of DICER1 syndrome manifesting as HDFCO. Further research into the prognostic factors and optimal treatment of HFDCO is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":73540,"journal":{"name":"JCEM case reports","volume":"2 12","pages":"luae223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11630053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mild Congenital Hyperinsulinism Caused by Mutation in Human <i>Glucokinase</i> Gene.","authors":"Leila Salikhovna Sozaeva, Sabina Kalandarovna Ismailova, Irina Yurievna Chernyak, Sergey Vladimirovich Popov, Victoriya Vitalievna Zakharova, Igor Sergeevich Chugunov","doi":"10.1210/jcemcr/luae226","DOIUrl":"10.1210/jcemcr/luae226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is a rare hereditary disease characterized by the development of hypoglycemia in both infants and adult patients. CHI may be induced by activating mutations in the <i>glucokinase</i> (<i>GCK</i>) gene, which encodes the human glucokinase enzyme. This form of the disease is characterized by considerable phenotypic heterogeneity and may vary in severity of its course. We present a familial case report of mild CHI caused by a novel variant, c.212T > C (p.Val71Ala), in the <i>GCK</i> gene in a 41-year-old mother and a 15-year-old daughter. The clinical picture of hypoglycemia in the patients was not pronounced, which makes this clinical case remarkable. Moreover, a variant of uncertain clinical significance, с.1903G > A (p.Ala635Thr), in the <i>ABCC8</i> gene was detected, which may also have contributed to the course of the disease in these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":73540,"journal":{"name":"JCEM case reports","volume":"2 12","pages":"luae226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11630036/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JCEM case reportsPub Date : 2024-12-04eCollection Date: 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1210/jcemcr/luae219
Madalin Berra, Juliana Biro, Himala Kashmiri, Mark Daniels
{"title":"Diazoxide-Responsive Hypoglycemia in a Child Receiving Dasatinib for Treatment of B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.","authors":"Madalin Berra, Juliana Biro, Himala Kashmiri, Mark Daniels","doi":"10.1210/jcemcr/luae219","DOIUrl":"10.1210/jcemcr/luae219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are being used more regularly in treatment regimens for pediatric cancers. They have distinct side effect profiles, including endocrinopathies. Here we present a 2-year-old boy with Philadelphia chromosome-like (Ph-like) B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who developed refractory hypoglycemia after using dasatinib. His evaluation was suggestive of hyperinsulinism, and his symptoms were ultimately controlled with diazoxide. There have not been any published data exploring the relationship between TKIs and glycemic profiles in pediatric patients. In adults, there is research indicating that patients using TKIs could experience both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. The pathophysiology of these side effects is not well described, nor are the risk factors for development. More research is needed to understand these relationships in general, but particularly in the pediatric population.</p>","PeriodicalId":73540,"journal":{"name":"JCEM case reports","volume":"2 12","pages":"luae219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11629982/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JCEM case reportsPub Date : 2024-12-03eCollection Date: 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1210/jcemcr/luae215
Mussa Almalki, Balgees Alghamdi, Allianah Benito, Ahmed Alfares, Ali S Alzahrani
{"title":"Pachydermoperiostosis Due to a Novel <i>HPGD</i> Splicing Site Mutation Masquerading as Acromegaly.","authors":"Mussa Almalki, Balgees Alghamdi, Allianah Benito, Ahmed Alfares, Ali S Alzahrani","doi":"10.1210/jcemcr/luae215","DOIUrl":"10.1210/jcemcr/luae215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA: MIM 167100)) is classified into primary and secondary types. Primary HOA, also known as pachydermoperiostosis (PDP), is a rare genetic condition with distinct clinical features including digital clubbing, skin thickening, and periostosis. Secondary HOA often occurs as a paraneoplastic syndrome or is associated with systemic diseases. In this report, we present a 17-year-old male patient who initially presented with significant digital clubbing, enlarged hands and feet, and excessive sweating. Although the initial suspected diagnosis was acromegaly, the patient's plasma level of insulin-like growth factor 1 was normal and growth hormone levels suppressed to <1 ng/dL following oral glucose tolerance test. Whole exome sequencing followed by Sanger sequencing of leukocyte deoxyribonucleic acid revealed a novel splicing variant in the 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (<i>HPGD</i>) gene (NM_000860.6: c.662 + 5_662 + 8del). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction confirmed that this variant led to defective splicing with skipping of exon 6, a frameshift, and truncation at codon 13 of exon 7 downstream. His symptoms did not respond well to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs but showed excellent response to a trial of lanreotide autogel that has been used for about 1 year.</p>","PeriodicalId":73540,"journal":{"name":"JCEM case reports","volume":"2 12","pages":"luae215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11630786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JCEM case reportsPub Date : 2024-11-28eCollection Date: 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1210/jcemcr/luae216
Sana Khan, Ashley Broce
{"title":"Empagliflozin-induced Myopathy.","authors":"Sana Khan, Ashley Broce","doi":"10.1210/jcemcr/luae216","DOIUrl":"10.1210/jcemcr/luae216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sodium/glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a frequently used medication for patients with type 2 diabetes, congestive heart failure (CHF), and chronic kidney disease. We present a 47-year-old patient with past medical history of type 2 diabetes and CHF who was initiated on empagliflozin and subsequently developed muscle pain and weakness. Evaluation of patient and laboratory testing confirmed drug-induced myopathy with elevated creatinine kinase (CK). Symptoms of myopathy and elevated CK resolved after holding empagliflozin. There are no current adverse effects listed with SGLT2 inhibitors including myopathy or rhabdomyolysis with the exception of other case studies. Physicians should be aware of this rare but serious side effect when initiating SGLT2 inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":73540,"journal":{"name":"JCEM case reports","volume":"2 12","pages":"luae216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11604052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142752496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JCEM case reportsPub Date : 2024-11-28eCollection Date: 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1210/jcemcr/luae217
Anand D Gandhi, James D McCallum, Jonathan S Fisher
{"title":"Severe, Symptomatic Hypercalcemia Secondary to PTH-secreting Pancreatoblastoma.","authors":"Anand D Gandhi, James D McCallum, Jonathan S Fisher","doi":"10.1210/jcemcr/luae217","DOIUrl":"10.1210/jcemcr/luae217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypercalcemia may be induced by a variety of etiologies, most commonly primary hyperparathyroidism. Although primary hyperparathyroidism represents a relatively common endocrinological disorder, ectopic PTH secretion is a rare entity that is less well described in literature. We describe the first case to our knowledge of severe, symptomatic hypercalcemia found to be secondary to a PTH-secreting pancreatoblastoma. The patient initially presented with fatigue and progressive upper extremity intermittent muscular twitching. He was found to have biochemical evidence of primary hyperparathyroidism. A computed tomography scan of the neck and a sestamibi nuclear scan failed to definitively demonstrate a parathyroid adenoma or hyperplasia and bilateral surgical parathyroid exploration was unrevealing for any pathology. Abdominal imaging via computed tomography was obtained for evaluation of progressive postoperative epigastric pain, and the patient was found to have a retroperitoneal mass that, after biopsy, was diagnostic for a pancreatoblastoma. This mass was resected resulting in a fall in intraoperative PTH values and subsequent postoperative hypocalcemia secondary to hungry bone syndrome. Upon follow-up, the patient's parathyroid function recovered and doses of supplemental calcium and vitamin D could be tapered. Ectopic PTH-secreting masses represent a rare entity but should be considered in individuals with unclear etiology of recalcitrant primary hyperparathyroidism.</p>","PeriodicalId":73540,"journal":{"name":"JCEM case reports","volume":"2 12","pages":"luae217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11604075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142752499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JCEM case reportsPub Date : 2024-11-20eCollection Date: 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1210/jcemcr/luae207
Choi Yee Lau, Yee Ting Tommy Cheung, Tsz Mo Andrea Han, Chun Ming Jeremy Chung, Yeow Kuan Chong, Pak Lam Sammy Chen
{"title":"Acquired 11β-hydroxylase Deficiency by Inhaled Etomidate and its Analogues: A Mimic of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.","authors":"Choi Yee Lau, Yee Ting Tommy Cheung, Tsz Mo Andrea Han, Chun Ming Jeremy Chung, Yeow Kuan Chong, Pak Lam Sammy Chen","doi":"10.1210/jcemcr/luae207","DOIUrl":"10.1210/jcemcr/luae207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increase in popularity of electronic cigarettes arouses great health concern. We describe a case of a 35-year-old female with chronic use of electronic cigarettes. She presented with secondary amenorrhea and prominent features of hyperandrogenism, including acne vulgaris, male-pattern alopecia, deepening of voice, and hirsutism. The initial biochemical workup revealed a profile indicating 11β-hydroxylase deficiency. However, genetic analysis did not show any evidence of <i>CYP11B1</i> mutation. This patient manifested the florid signs of disrupted steroidogenesis brought by chronic use of electronic cigarette oil containing etomidate and propoxate/isopropoxate, which are compounds structurally resembling etomidate. High clinical suspicion and sound understanding of the pharmacology and pathophysiology were instrumental in establishing the diagnosis for our present case.</p>","PeriodicalId":73540,"journal":{"name":"JCEM case reports","volume":"2 12","pages":"luae207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11577607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JCEM case reportsPub Date : 2024-11-14eCollection Date: 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1210/jcemcr/luae209
Katherine I Wolf, Oxana V Crysler, Robert Fontana, Sima Saberi
{"title":"Calcitriol-Mediated Hypercalcemia Due to Liver Metastases in a Patient With Primary Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor.","authors":"Katherine I Wolf, Oxana V Crysler, Robert Fontana, Sima Saberi","doi":"10.1210/jcemcr/luae209","DOIUrl":"10.1210/jcemcr/luae209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypercalcemia is most commonly associated with primary hyperparathyroidism or malignancy in the setting of elevated parathyroid hormone-related protein or bone metastases. Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D)-mediated hypercalcemia is rare and typically associated with granulomatous conditions; however, other solid-organ etiologies have been reported. Here, we detail the case of a 62-year-old man with metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET) with hypercalcemia refractory to traditional bisphosphonate therapy in the setting of vastly elevated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Only after initiation of chemotherapy with capecitabine and temozolomide did his serum calcium consistently improve and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D begin to decrease. There are fewer than 5 reported cases of a pNET resulting in calcitriol-mediated hypercalcemia. Prompt initiation of treatment for the underlying condition can result in a significant improvement in serum calcium or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Multiple reports have also demonstrated success with high-dose steroid administration in patients with other solid-organ etiologies of calcitriol-mediated hypercalcemia, but this has not yet been reviewed in the pNET population.</p>","PeriodicalId":73540,"journal":{"name":"JCEM case reports","volume":"2 12","pages":"luae209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11561906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}