JADA foundational science最新文献

{"title":"Impact of an artificial intelligence–based chatbot on management of oral hygiene in patients with implant-support prostheses","authors":"Simona Santonocito DDS,&nbsp;Vincenzo Ronsivalle PhD,&nbsp;Francesco Leonforte PhD,&nbsp;Salvo Bocchieri PhD,&nbsp;Cosimo Galletti MD,&nbsp;Marco Cicciù PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2026.100089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2026.100089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Proper oral hygiene is crucial to prevent peri-implant diseases, yet many patients struggle with adherence. This study aims to assess the impact of a chatbot on home oral hygiene in patients with implant-supported prostheses by evaluating specific clinical parameters and radiographic parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 110 patients assigned to either the control group (traditional education via leaflets and dental hygienist sessions) or the chatbot group (access to an artificial intelligence–based chatbot providing real-time, evidence-based oral hygiene guidance and answers to patients’ questions). The primary outcome was plaque index (PI) at implant sites. Secondary outcomes included bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth, and marginal bone loss. Clinical and radiographic assessments were performed at baseline and follow-up. Statistical analyses included intragroup and intergroup comparisons, Spearman correlations, logistic regression, analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and post hoc analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At follow-up, PI increased in both groups, but the increase was significantly lower in the chatbot group (<em>P</em> = .05). Other clinical parameters (BOP, probing pocket depth, marginal bone loss) showed no significant differences, likely because of the limited follow-up. Subgroup analysis revealed a more pronounced effect in patients with single crowns than in those with bridges in the chatbot group. Demographic factors, such as age and education level, were significantly associated with PI and BOP in the chatbot group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The use of an artificial intelligence–based chatbot improved plaque control at home in patients with implant-supported prostheses, particularly in cases in which prosthetic design allowed easier access for hygiene. These findings highlight the potential of chatbots as effective educational and motivational tools in implant dentistry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100089"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149140847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volumetric changes after fiber post removal using static navigation in endodontics, erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser, and ultrasonic insrumentation techniques","authors":"Jana Barakat DDS,&nbsp;Marilia Marceliano-Alves DDS, MSc, PhD,&nbsp;Marc Krikor Kaloustian DDS, MSc, PhD,&nbsp;Audrey Fikani DDS, MSc,&nbsp;Pablo Andrés Amoroso-Silva DDS, MSc, PhD,&nbsp;Tchilalo Boukpessi DDS, MSc, PhD,&nbsp;Karim Corbani DDS, MSc,&nbsp;Adam Saleh DDS, MSc,&nbsp;Tracy El Feghaly DDS,&nbsp;Marie Abboud MSc, PhD,&nbsp;Roula El Hachem DDS, MSc, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2026.100087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2026.100087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Fiber post removal is an increasingly common endodontic procedure. This study evaluated root canal volumetric changes after fiber post removal using static navigation in endodontics, erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser, and ultrasonic instrumentation techniques.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty-five extracted single-rooted human teeth with oval canals were treated in vitro. Fiber posts (1.2-mm diameter, 12-mm long, ≈ 5-mm apical) were cemented with composite resin. On the basis of cone-beam computed tomography–measured canal volume after post space preparation, specimens were randomly assigned to static navigation in endodontics, Er:YAG laser with noncoated bur, or ultrasonic instrumentation groups. Cone-beam computed tomographic scans evaluated canal volume changes after preparation and post removal as well as lateral perforations. Data were analyzed at a 5% significance level (α = 0.05). Normality was confirmed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, followed by pair <em>t</em> test and 1-way analysis of variance for intragroup and intergroup comparisons, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The ultrasonic instrumentation group showed no significant difference in dentin loss or residual material (<em>P</em> &gt; .05). Canal volume decreased significantly in the static navigation in endodontics group, indicating residual material, and increased in the laser group, reflecting greater dentin removal (<em>P</em> &lt; .05). No baseline differences were found (<em>P</em> &gt; .05). Post removal volume was lowest in the static navigation in endodontics group. No perforations occurred in the static navigation in endodontics or laser groups, whereas the ultrasonic instrumentation group showed a 20% perforation rate. These perforations were recorded separately as procedural complications and were excluded from volumetric analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The Er:YAG laser caused the greatest dentin loss but no perforations. Static navigation was safer than ultrasonic instrumentation techniques, whereas both static navigation in endodontics and ultrasonic instrumentation methods showed effective dentin preservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100087"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149140849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical and chemical properties of a 3-dimension–printed denture base resin obtained by varying digital light processing and liquid crystal display printing angles","authors":"Hamile Emanuella do Carmo Viotto DDS, MSc ,&nbsp;João Fernando Carrijo Queiroz DDS, MSc ,&nbsp;Larianne de Sousa Moisés DDS ,&nbsp;Sabrina Romão Gonçalves Coelho DDS ,&nbsp;Guilherme Thummel Berguelli Piza ,&nbsp;João Antonio Oliveira Santos PhD ,&nbsp;Ana Carolina Pero DDS, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2025.100064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2025.100064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The authors evaluate the effect of different printing technologies (digital light processing [DLP], liquid crystal display [LCD]), and different printing angles (0°, 45°, 90°) on the mechanical (flexural strength [FS] and Vickers hardness number [VHN]) and chemical properties (degree of conversion [DC], surface microstructural, and glass transition temperature [Tg]) of a 3-dimension–printed denture base resin.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Three-dimension–printed specimens (priZma 3D Bio Denture; MakertechLabs) were grouped: LCD0°, LCD45, LCD90°, DLP0°, DLP45°, and DLP90°. Thirty specimens were fabricated per group, for FS (12), VHN (12), DC (2), x-ray excited photoelectron spectroscopy (2), and Tg (2).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>For FS (MPa), a significant difference (SD) was found between DLP (93 [15]) and LCD (82 [14]) (2-way analysis of variance, <em>P</em> &lt; .001), and 0° (79 ± 9), 45° (99 ± 12), and 90° (84 [16]) (Tukey test, <em>P</em> &lt; .05). For VHN, no significant effects were detected (2-way analysis of variance, <em>P</em> &gt;.05). Tg ranged from 80 °C through 100 °C for all groups. The highest means (SD) of DC were achieved for the specimens printed at 0° (DLP, 86.8 [3.7]%; LCD, 89.6 [0.3]%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The DLP system and 45° presented the highest FS, whereas the printing angle of 0° exhibited the highest DC. Considering that both systems (DLP, LCD) showed results above the threshold of 65 MPa for FS of denture base materials, and that LCD is a faster and lower-cost system, this technology could also be suggested for printing denture bases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100064"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanozymes as antimicrobial agents in endodontics","authors":"Vijetha Vishwanath MDS, PhD ,&nbsp;Rajesh Ramanathan PhD, MBiotech ,&nbsp;Prasanna Neelakantan MDS, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2026.100075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2026.100075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Traditional root canal disinfectants face significant limitations in eradicating biofilm-associated infections, including the inability to effectively disrupt extracellular polymeric substance and potential detrimental effects on dentin structure. Nanozymes, nanomaterials with intrinsic enzyme-mimicking properties, represent a promising alternative approach to eradicate pathogens and tackling biofilm-associated infections. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of metal and metal oxide nanozymes, their classification, and antimicrobial mechanism of action as well as to evaluate the evidence for their application in endodontic therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Search Strategy</h3><div>Studies focusing on the antimicrobial effects of metal-based nanozyme systems in the context of root canal disinfection and periapical healing were included.</div></div><div><h3>Citation Sources</h3><div>Three databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus) were searched for peer-reviewed articles, including laboratory studies, clinical investigations, and reviews published from January 1, 2004, through November 30, 2025.</div></div><div><h3>Study Selection Criteria</h3><div>Research investigating metal-based nanozymes showing antimicrobial or antibiofilm activity in endodontics, from in vitro to clinical studies, was included.</div></div><div><h3>Data Elements Included</h3><div>Studies were analyzed for nanozyme characteristics, experimental outcome (antibacterial and antibiofilm effects), mechanisms of nanozymes, and clinical applicability.</div></div><div><h3>Overall Conclusions</h3><div>Metal and metal oxide-based nanozymes have multifaceted antimicrobial mechanisms, including nanozyme-catalyzed activity (reactive oxygen species generation) as well as direct interaction of the nanoparticles with the microbes (disruption of bacterial membrane, interference with metabolic processes). Despite their promising antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential, to our knowledge, researchers in only 9 studies have investigated metal-based nanozymes specifically in endodontic applications to date, highlighting an emerging field of research with considerable potential for future development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100075"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147995601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the addition of thiourethane oligomers to experimental silanes and resin cement on the bond strength to glass ceramic","authors":"Anália Gabriella Borges Ferraz Facury DDS, MS ,&nbsp;Ana Rosa Costa DDS, MS, PhD ,&nbsp;Lincoln Pires Silva Borges DDS, PhD ,&nbsp;Fernanda Midori Tsuzuki DDS, PhD ,&nbsp;Américo Bortolazzo Correr DDS, PhD ,&nbsp;Carmem S. Pfeifer DDS, PhD ,&nbsp;Lourenço Correr-Sobrinho DDS, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2026.100070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2026.100070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Despite advances in silane and resin cement formulations, the long-term stability of ceramic bonds remains susceptible to degradation, and strategies to enhance interfacial performance are still under investigation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of incorporating thiourethane (TU) oligomers into silane or resin cement formulations on the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of ceramic restorations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Experimental silanes and resin cements containing 0 or 20 wt% TU were formulated with dicyclohexylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate and pentaerythritol-tetra-3-mercaptopropionate and applied to etched lithium disilicate ceramic plates. Nine combinations of silane and cement (10/group) were tested. μSBS was measured after 24 hours, 6 months, and 18 months of storage in water. Data were analyzed using 2-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc (α = 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>TU resin cement exhibited higher μSBS values than the commercial resin cement, particularly after 24 hours when combined with TU and methacrylate-based (MA) silanes, and after 6 months with the MA silane (<em>P</em> &lt; .05). When using the commercial silane, there was no difference in μSBS among the resin cements (<em>P</em> &gt; .05). However, the combinations of TU and MA silanes, along with TU and MA resin cements, exhibited significantly higher μSBS than other formulations (<em>P</em> &lt; .05). All groups showed a significant reduction in μSBS over time (<em>P</em> &lt; .05), with the TU resin cement maintaining higher values than the commercial resin cement.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The use of TU oligomers as silane or resin cement additives improves the μSBS of resin cement-ceramic interfaces, especially when TU silane is combined with TU resin cement (dicyclohexylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate version). Water storage for 6 and 18 months significantly reduces μSBS across all groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100070"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147448519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemistry, bioactivity, and future nanotechnology prospects of Azadirachta indica waste management","authors":"Raja Thandavamoorthy PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2026.100072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2026.100072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This review synthesizes evidence on the phytochemistry and bioactivity of <em>Azadirachta indica</em> (neem) twig–derived solvent extracts, with particular emphasis on their role as reducing and stabilizing agents in the green synthesis of nanoparticles for dental applications. The review critically evaluates the integration potential of nanoparticles produced from neem twigs traditionally used as chewing sticks into oral health care materials, focusing on antimicrobial and host-modulatory dental technologies.</div></div><div><h3>Search Strategy</h3><div>Search terms related to neem twigs, phytochemicals, antimicrobial activity, green nanoparticle synthesis, and dental applications were used.</div></div><div><h3>Citation Sources</h3><div>A literature search was performed across major scientific databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, and Wiley, covering studies published from January 1, 2020, through December 31, 2025, as most literature falls within this period.</div></div><div><h3>Study Selection Criteria</h3><div>Experimental, analytical, and review articles reporting the following were included: phytochemical characterization of neem twigs; antimicrobial, antibiofilm, or anti-inflammatory activity; green synthesis of nanoparticles using twig extracts; and dental or biomedical applications. Studies lacking primary data, using nontwig neem parts without dental relevance, or providing insufficient methodological detail were excluded.</div></div><div><h3>Data Elements Included</h3><div>Extracted data included phytochemical profiles, antimicrobial and antibiofilm outcomes, nanoparticle types (zinc oxide, silver, copper oxide, titanium oxide), synthesis conditions, characterization results, and applications in dental composites, adhesives, sealers, coatings, and preventive formulations.</div></div><div><h3>Overall Conclusions</h3><div>Neem twigs, rich in diverse bioactive phytochemicals, offer a sustainable platform for developing multifunctional nanomaterials with antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Neem twig–mediated nanoparticles show strong potential for restorative, preventive, and implant dentistry, supporting eco-friendly and advanced oral health care solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100072"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147538631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyphenol-functionalized biomaterials for bone and dental tissue regeneration","authors":"Niaz Akbarnejad DDS ,&nbsp;Venkata Suresh Venkataiah MDS, PhD ,&nbsp;Deepak Mehta MDS, PhD ,&nbsp;Mohmed Isaqali Karobai MDS, PhD ,&nbsp;Michela Capoferri MSc ,&nbsp;Eloy Bejarano PhD ,&nbsp;Stella Helen Constantinidou DDS, MSc ,&nbsp;Salvatore Sauro BsC, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2025.100067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2025.100067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Biomaterials are widely used in dental and bone regeneration, but often lack intrinsic bioactivity. This systematic review evaluated whether incorporating polyphenols into biomaterials enhances regenerative efficacy in bone and dental tissue applications.</div></div><div><h3>Search Strategy</h3><div>A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Studies published from January 2014 through December 2025 were identified through searches of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. Eligible studies included preclinical in vivo and in vitro studies as well as early clinical reports.</div></div><div><h3>Citation Sources</h3><div>PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase.</div></div><div><h3>Study Selection Criteria</h3><div>Studies combining polyphenols and biomaterials for bone or dental tissue regeneration were included. Both preclinical and early-phase clinical studies were considered.</div></div><div><h3>Data Elements Included</h3><div>Outcomes assessed included osteogenic differentiation, collagen deposition, angiogenesis, and immunomodulation. The evidence primarily consists of preclinical studies, primarily in rodent models of defects, with some in vitro and early clinical studies. Polyphenols promote osteogenic differentiation, collagen formation, angiogenesis, and immune responses through various delivery methods, thus improving bone and periodontal repair.</div></div><div><h3>Overall Conclusions</h3><div>The integration of polyphenols into biomaterials holds promise for improving regenerative outcomes in bone and dental applications. However, evidence is mainly limited to preclinical studies with small sample sizes and diverse methodologies. Bias risk and the lack of standardized protocols hinder direct comparisons and prevent meta-analyses. Future research should aim to standardize experimental designs, improve compound stability and bioavailability, and conduct well-structured clinical trials to confirm the long-term safety, efficacy, and translational potential of these compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100067"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical properties of resin composites with different opacity levels","authors":"Luis Felipe Schneider DDS, MSc, PhD,&nbsp;Anna Paula Martins DDS, MSc,&nbsp;André Faria-e-Silva DDS, MSc, PhD,&nbsp;Eduardo Veras Lourenço DDS, MSc, PhD,&nbsp;Larissa Maria Cavalcante DDS, MSc, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2026.100091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2026.100091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Substrate background effects on resin composite optical properties are poorly characterized, and interbrand variability challenges material interchangeability despite identical shade designation. This study characterized and compared the optical properties of dental composites available in different opacity levels and determined the effect of substrate on lightness and chromatic coordinates.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Nine brands of resin composites (shade A2) were evaluated: 6 systems with 3 opacity levels (Epic [Biodinâmica], Forma [Ultradent Products, Inc], Filtek Z350 XT [Solventum], Innova [Vigodent], Clearfil AP-X ES-2 [Kuraray Noritake Dental], Zirconfill [BM4]) and 3 with 2 levels (IPS Empress Direct [Ivoclar Vivadent], Vittra APS [FGM], Opallis [FGM]). Specimens were fabricated and stored dry for 24 hours. Color coordinates (lightness [L∗], red-green axis [a∗], yellow-blue axis [b∗]) were measured against white and black backgrounds. Translucency parameter (TP) was calculated. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey test (α = 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant differences in L∗, a∗, b∗, and TP were found among brands and opacity levels within each brand. Over a white background, dentin shades exhibited the highest L∗ values. Over black, all L∗ values decreased, with the smallest reduction observed in dentin shades. The a∗ and b∗ values significantly decreased over the black background. TP was highest for enamel shades and lowest for dentin shades.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The optical behavior of resin composites in shade A2 varies significantly by brand and opacity level. Dentin shades provide superior masking ability with minimal color shift over dark backgrounds, whereas enamel shades are highly translucent and substrate dependent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100091"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149140923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical evaluation of salivary neopterin levels across periodontal disease severity","authors":"Sashi Rekha Kosuri MDS,&nbsp;Srikanth Chintalapani MDS,&nbsp;Kiran Kumar Nagubandi MDS,&nbsp;Ramesh Babu Mutthineni MDS,&nbsp;Venkata Yudhistar Palla MDS,&nbsp;Neema Kumari PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2026.100085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2026.100085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Periodontitis involves the destruction of the supporting tissues and alveolar bone surrounding the teeth. Neopterin is an inflammatory biomarker associated with periodontal disease. This study aimed to assess salivary neopterin levels across different periodontal conditions and evaluate their relationship with clinical parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Sixty systemically healthy participants were divided into 4 groups (15/group): healthy (control group), gingivitis, mild periodontitis, and moderate periodontitis (test groups) based on clinical and radiographic criteria. Clinical parameters recorded were the gingival index, periodontal disease index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected before treatment (baseline). After scaling and root planing, unstimulated saliva was again collected after 60 days from patients in the test groups. Neopterin levels were estimated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Baseline mean salivary neopterin levels were higher with the severity of the disease. After 60 days, neopterin levels remained higher with increasing disease severity stages but decreased significantly from baseline in all the test groups. Although no correlation was found between neopterin and clinical parameters, in the gingivitis group, neopterin was significantly correlated to probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level at baseline and with gingival and periodontal disease indexes after 60 days.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Salivary neopterin may be used as a potential biomarker to differentiate between periodontal disease stages and monitor treatment response. However, because of interindividual variability and the cross-sectional nature of disease group comparisons, further studies are needed to validate its role and clinical applicability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100085"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148843108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental approaches to tooth staining and standardization for in vitro bleaching research","authors":"Gabriella Rodrigues da Silva DDS,&nbsp;Bruna Roberta Araújo Leal,&nbsp;Letícia de Azevedo Lima Silva,&nbsp;Caroline Barbosa da Silva Almeida DDS,&nbsp;Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza DDS, MSc, PhD,&nbsp;Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa DDS, MSc, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2026.100077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2026.100077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To map and analyze laboratory tooth discoloration protocols used in in vitro bleaching studies, identifying methodological trends and gaps in experimental standardization.</div></div><div><h3>Search Strategy</h3><div>A systematic search was conducted using controlled descriptors and free terms related to tooth discoloration, artificial staining, and tooth bleaching. Boolean operators (AND/OR) were applied, and search strategies were adapted to each database. No restrictions were imposed regarding language or publication period.</div></div><div><h3>Citation Sources</h3><div>PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched. In addition, the reference lists of included studies were hand searched to identify potentially relevant articles not captured in the primary search.</div></div><div><h3>Study Selection Criteria</h3><div>Eligible studies were in vitro investigations describing laboratory tooth discoloration protocols applied before enamel bleaching and those including objective or subjective color assessment. Studies without subsequent bleaching protocols, without color analysis, or involving clinical trials were excluded.</div></div><div><h3>Data Elements Included</h3><div>Extracted data included tooth type and substrate, sample size, initial tooth condition, agent of staining, duration and conditions of staining, storage medium, and methods of color assessment. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Quality Assessment Tool for In Vitro Studies.</div></div><div><h3>Overall Conclusions</h3><div>Sixty-one studies were included, and most had a low risk of bias. Human and bovine teeth were the most common substrates, with black tea and coffee as the predominant staining agents. Immersion protocols of 5 through 7 days at 37 °C were frequently reported, and color changes were mainly assessed by spectrophotometry using the color difference. Substantial methodological variability was observed, highlighting the need for greater standardization to improve reproducibility and comparability of in vitro bleaching studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100077"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148843109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}