JADA foundational science最新文献

{"title":"Salivary cortisol and anxiety levels assessment in patients with oral lichen planus and myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome","authors":"Sowmya Komanduri MDS,&nbsp;Swathi Danabalan MDS,&nbsp;Swetha Bojanapu MDS,&nbsp;Sravalli Kodipalli MDS","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2026.100082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2026.100082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Oral lichen planus (OLP) and myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS) are psychosomatic disorders. OLP is a chronic mucocutaneous disease, whereas MPDS is a temporomandibular joint disorder affecting the jaw muscles. This study aimed to evaluate the level of salivary cortisol and anxiety in patients with OLP and MPDS and to determine any association between cortisol and anxiety levels.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This investigation incorporates a total of 60 participants, divided into 3 groups: 20 patients with OLP, 20 patients with MPDS, and 20 participants in the control group. Salivary cortisol and anxiety levels were evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit and Hamilton anxiety scale. One-way analysis of variance, post hoc comparison tests, and Pearson correlation test were used to assess the data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The average (SD) salivary cortisol levels in the OLP, MPDS, and control groups were 28.29 (26.73), 62.2 (37.69), and 18.26 (10.08), respectively (<em>P</em> = .001). The mean (SD) anxiety scores in the OLP, MPDS, and control groups were 17.10 (9.53), 15.30 (7.65), and 11.55 (4.94), respectively (<em>P</em> = .071). In the OLP and MPDS groups, salivary cortisol and anxiety levels were elevated compared with the control group. No statistically significant interaction was observed in anxiety and salivary cortisol levels of each study group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>As the salivary cortisol and anxiety levels were enhanced in OLP and MPDS groups with respect to the control group, stress and anxiety can be the etiologic aspects in OLP and MPDS affecting the prognosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100082"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148843106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in clinical dentistry","authors":"Gowri Sivaramakrishnan BDS, MDS (Prosthodontics), MFDS (RCSEd), MGDS (RCSI), FDS (RCSEd),&nbsp;Kannan Sridharan MD (Pharmacology), DM (Clinical Pharmacology)","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2026.100092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2026.100092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into clinical dentistry, yet ethical, legal, and implementation uncertainties continue to limit its widespread adoption. This study aimed to generate a prioritized, hypothesis-generating item bank on ethical principles, implementation barriers, and governance frameworks for AI in dentistry using a modified Delphi approach.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A 2-round exploratory modified e-Delphi study was conducted from January through April 2026. Round 1 (n = 12) used 6 open-ended questions to generate items through thematic analysis. Round 2 (n = 9) required participants to rate 109 items across 12 domains using a 10-point Likert scale. Prespecified criteria for item agreement were defined a priori as a median score 7 or greater and an interquartile range 2 or less.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 109 items, 84 (77.1%) met the agreement criteria. Complete agreement (100%) was observed for both new ethical principles (commercial bias, epistemic integrity) and all items related to structured ethical decision making in AI-clinician tensions. High levels of agreement were observed for shared responsibility model, mandatory AI training, explainable AI, privacy-by-design systems, and automated audit trails. Lower agreement was observed for informed consent delivery formats as well as several disclosure and documentation-related items. Overall, 74% of items were rated as top priority by this panel, whereas 25% were considered important but controversial.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The findings identify priority areas for future research, while also highlighting areas of persistent controversy that require further empirical validation. These results should be considered provisional and require confirmation in larger, more representative Delphi studies before informing clinical guidance or policy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100092"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149140841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface enamel microhardness in nonclinical anticaries testing of fluoride toothpaste","authors":"Masoumah Qaw BDS, MSD ,&nbsp;Tasneem Alluhaidan BDS, MSc ,&nbsp;Katherine M. Mann PhD ,&nbsp;Hana Mujahid PhD ,&nbsp;Mary Anne S. Melo DDS, MS, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2025.100069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2025.100069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This scoping review systematically evaluates the methodologies used in assessing enamel surface microhardness (SMH) in demineralization and remineralization research of anticaries toothpastes. The review identifies the parameters influencing SMH testing, highlights methodological variations, and proposes recommendations to standardize protocols and enhance reliability and suitability.</div></div><div><h3>Search Strategy</h3><div>The review followed Arksey and O’Malley’s framework, using comprehensive database searches.</div></div><div><h3>Citation Sources</h3><div>Sources include MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus.</div></div><div><h3>Study Selection Criteria</h3><div>In vitro and in situ studies evaluating the SMH of human enamel using fluoride toothpaste were included.</div></div><div><h3>Data Elements Included</h3><div>Evidence quality was assessed, and data extraction focused on testing parameters, sample characteristics, and methodological rigor. A total of 16,193 studies were screened, and 53 were included for full-text analysis. Remarkable methodological heterogeneity was observed. Only 21% of studies reported sample size calculations, and 17% used blinding. Screening methods for defects were inconsistent. Variations in SMH testing parameters were also notable. The Vickers indenter was the most commonly used. Loading forces varied widely, ranging from 25 through 500 g, with 50 g being the most applied. Most studies used a dwell time of 10 through 20 seconds. Variability in sample geometry and preparation techniques was identified, which can influence SMH values. Limited studies reported quality criteria such as statistical differences between groups (8%), underscoring the variability in reporting standards.</div></div><div><h3>Overall Conclusions</h3><div>The findings reveal substantial gaps in methodological rigor and consistency across studies, emphasizing the need for standardized protocols in enamel SMH testing. This review provides insights for future research to validate alternative anticaries testing procedures applicable to regulatory testing or other standardized clinical testing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100069"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147395475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of silica nanoparticle concentration on 3-dimensional–printed resin-based composite","authors":"Francisco Amaro Morganti DDS, MSc ,&nbsp;Ana Cristina Andriolli Zattera DDS ,&nbsp;Gabriela de Souza Balbinot DDS, MSc, PhD ,&nbsp;Alvaro Della Bona DDS, MMedSci, PhD, FADM ,&nbsp;Fabricio Mezzomo Collares DDS, MSc, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2025.100059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2025.100059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nanoparticle load may interfere with the viscosity of the composites, challenging the printability in vat-polymerization techniques. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of silica nanoparticle addition on the physicochemical properties of a 3-dimensional (3D)-printed resin-based composite (RBC).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The resinous matrix of the experimental 3D RBC was kept fixed with the addition of silica nanoparticles (Aerosil OX50; Evonik), which were surface-treated with 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate and used as fillers at 5 wt% (silicon dioxide [SiO₂] 5%), 10 wt% (SiO₂10%), and 20 wt% (SiO₂20%). The composite’s viscosity was evaluated before printing. Specimens were 3D printed (Anycubic Photon Mono 4K 3D Printer; Anycubic Inc), cleaned with 96% ethanol, and postcured (Form Cure; Formlabs) at 60 °C. Specimens were evaluated for their radiopacity, polymerization kinetics, and degree of conversion. The flexural strength was assessed after 24 hours and 14 days of water storage.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Silica nanoparticles were a median size of 65 nm (d₁₀: 35 nm; d₉₀: 129 nm). The addition of silica nanoparticles resulted in a 2-fold increase in the resin viscosity, without modifying the specimens’ radiopacity. All groups presented more than 80% degree of conversion, but a faster polymerization with higher polymerization rates was observed for the SiO₂5%. Despite the increased immediate flexural strength (mean [SD], 81.78 [3.14] MPa) shown by SiO₂20%, the strength was reduced for all experimental groups after 14 days in water.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Increasing concentrations of silica nanoparticles increased 3D RBC properties. However, after 14 days of water storage, decreased flexural strength was observed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100059"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of incorporating chitosan and propolis in dentifrices on the permeability and roughness of root dentin","authors":"Paloma Eduarda Alberti DDS ,&nbsp;Camila Scaff Neves Monteiro DDS ,&nbsp;Letícia de Sousa Franco DDS, MSc ,&nbsp;Laura Nobre Ferraz DDS, MSc, PhD ,&nbsp;Fernanda Flores Navarro DDS, MSc, PhD ,&nbsp;Marcos Roberto Lima Benati DDS, MSc ,&nbsp;Silmara Aparecida Milori Corona DDS, MSc, PhD ,&nbsp;Renata Siqueira Scatolin DDS, MSc, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2025.100068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2025.100068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study investigated in vitro the effects of experimental dentifrices containing chitosan and propolis on the permeability and roughness of root dentin.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Sixty cylindrical bovine dentin samples were divided into 4 groups: base dentifrice (BD), BD and propolis (DP), BD and chitosan (DC), and BD, chitosan, and propolis (DCP). The samples underwent erosion cycles (4 times daily with 0.3% citric acid) and brushing (2 times daily, 2 minutes each). Permeability and roughness were assessed at 2 times: postexposure of dentinal tubules and posttreatment with dentifrice and erosive challenges. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed qualitatively after treatment and erosive challenges at ×2,000 magnification.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All groups exhibited reduced dentin permeability, with the DCP group showing the most significant reduction compared with the BD or DP groups (<em>P</em> &lt; .05). No significant differences in roughness were observed between the BD and DC or DP. SEM revealed that none of the tested dentifrices fully occluded dentinal tubules; however, the chitosan-containing groups showed a higher number of particles within the tubules.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The combination of chitosan and propolis in a dentifrice effectively reduced dentin permeability without significantly affecting surface roughness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100068"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of experimental dentifrices containing epigallocatechin-3-gallate–loaded chitosan nanoparticles on permeability, tubule occlusion, microhardness, and wear in eroded dentin","authors":"Karen Pintado-Palomino DDS, MSc, PhD ,&nbsp;Letícia de Sousa Franco DDS, MSc ,&nbsp;Renata Siqueira Scatolin DDS, MSc, PhD ,&nbsp;Luiza Araújo Gusmão MSc, PhD ,&nbsp;Antonio Claudio Tedesco MSc, PhD ,&nbsp;Mario Sadaiti Ogasawara ,&nbsp;Raissa Manoel Garcia DDS, MSc ,&nbsp;Tais Scaramucci DDS, PhD ,&nbsp;Silmara Aparecida Corona DDS, MSc, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2025.100057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2025.100057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dentin hypersensitivity and tooth wear are common oral conditions. Natural substances and nanotechnology emerge as promising approaches. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of experimental dentifrices containing epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)–loaded chitosan nanoparticles (NChi) on permeability (Lp), tubule occlusion, microhardness, and wear in dentin under erosive challenge.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This in situ study included 5 phases (5 days each) and a washout period (7 days). Eight participants wore intraoral mandibular devices containing 2 bovine dentin samples on each side with tubule exposure (time [T]1). The samples were eroded extraorally (0.3% citric acid, pH = 2.6, 4 times per day) and intraorally brushed with dentifrices (15 seconds, 2 times per day) for 5 days (T2), according to the following groups: placebo (PL), NChi, EGCG encapsulated in chitosan (NChi and EGCG), EGCG, and Elmex Sensitive (ES) (GABA). Lp, open dentin tubules, surface microhardness (SMH), surface loss, and scanning electron microscopy results were assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All groups showed significant differences in Lp between T1 and T2 (<em>P</em> &lt; .05), and PL was different from the other groups at T2 (<em>P</em> &lt; .05). For both open dentin tubules and SMH, all groups except PL showed statistical differences between T1 and T2 (<em>P</em> &lt; .05). At T2, NChi and EGCG, EGCG, and ES showed higher SMH than PL (<em>P</em> &lt; .05). There was no statistically significant difference among the groups in terms of the surface loss (<em>P</em> = .29).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Dentifrices containing an active composition (NChi, NChi and EGCG, EGCG, ES) were effective in promoting tubule occlusion and increasing microhardness, with comparable efficacy. All the dentifrices showed similar wear on the dentin surface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100057"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145694387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of chatbots as educational tools in sports dentistry","authors":"Isabela Ramos DDS,&nbsp;Aurélio de Oliveira Rocha DDS, MSc, PhD,&nbsp;Michely Cristina Goebel DDS, MSc,&nbsp;Mariana Krieck Melo Dias DDS,&nbsp;Lucas Menezes dos Anjos DDS, MSc,&nbsp;Pablo Silveira Santos DDS, MSc, PhD,&nbsp;Filipe Colombo Vitali DDS, MSc, PhD,&nbsp;Mariane Cardoso DDS, MSc, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2026.100086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2026.100086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The growing use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in health care has prompted investigations into their reliability in dentistry. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the ability of 3 chatbots to generate responses consistent with guidelines regarding sports-related dental trauma.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eighteen questions were developed based on the guidelines of the International Association of Dental Traumatology and the Academy for Sports Dentistry for the prevention of sports-related trauma and were submitted to Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT-3.5/ChatGPT-4.1) (OpenAI) and Gemini 2.5 Flash (Google) using a standardized prompt. To assess consistency, questions were repeated at 3 different times of the day and analyzed with Cronbach α. The responses were evaluated for their alignment with the guidelines across 4 domains: quality (Global Quality Score), reliability (Completeness, Lack of false information, Evidence support, Appropriateness, and Relevance scale), usefulness (4-level scale), and readability (Flesch Reading Ease Score and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook indexes). Data were analyzed via Kruskal-Wallis or analysis of variance tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Gemini stood out with an excellent internal consistency (α = 0.929). All chatbots achieved high mean quality scores (4.3-4.6/5.0) and good reliability (21.63-23.83/25.0), without significant differences (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). Usefulness scores were similarly favorable across tools (1.19-1.52; <em>P</em> &gt; .05). Readability analysis showed low Flesch Reading Ease Score (30.92-32.42) and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook indexes (11.23-12.62). Gemini responses were significantly more challenging to comprehend (<em>P</em> &lt; .05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>All 3 chatbots generated responses of good quality, very good reliability, and high usefulness regarding the prevention of sports-related dental trauma. However, Gemini provided more complex responses that required a higher level of education to comprehend. These findings highlight the potential of AI chatbots as supportive tools for disseminating good information and strengthening dental education.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100086"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148994662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative accuracy and repeatability of digital devices for dental shade matching","authors":"Eloah Nunes de Almeida MSD,&nbsp;Alexandre Gagné MSD,&nbsp;Larissa Maria Cavalcante PhD,&nbsp;Luis Felipe J. Schneider PhD,&nbsp;André Luis Faria-e-Silva PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2026.100090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2026.100090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Accurate dental shade matching is essential for esthetic success. Digital shade matching devices have been introduced to improve objectivity, yet differences in measurement principles may influence performance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This in vitro study evaluated the accuracy, repeatability, and value-based error of 4 digital devices: VITA Easyshade V (VITA Zahnfabrik), OptiShade (StyleItaliano), Cobra (Borea), and the TRIOS 5 (3Shape) intraoral scanner. All 19 tabs of the VITA Classical (VITA Zahnfabrik) shade guide, including bleached shades, were measured 3 times per device. Outcomes included correct shade and hue identification, repeatability, ordinal value errors, and color-difference–weighted metrics. Analyses were performed with all tabs and with bleached tabs excluded.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant differences were observed among devices. OptiShade and Cobra showed higher accuracy and smaller perceptual deviations than TRIOS 5 and VITA Easyshade V across most analyses. Cobra was the only device to correctly identify bleached shades. Even when exact shade identification was not achieved, OptiShade and Cobra tended to select perceptually closer shades. VITA Easyshade V exhibited the highest repeatability despite lower accuracy, whereas TRIOS 5 showed lower repeatability. Excluding bleached tabs improved OptiShade performance but had minimal effect on Cobra’s performance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Digital shade matching devices differ substantially in performance. Devices specifically designed for color measurement tended to indicate shades perceptually closer to the true tab than scanner-based or point-measurement systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100090"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149140842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of metal-ceramic crown preparation geometry on adhesive stress during orthodontic headgear force application","authors":"Afrooz Rafiee DDS ,&nbsp;Ahmadreza Sardarian MSc ,&nbsp;Allahyar Geramy MSc ,&nbsp;Elham Ansarifard MSc","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2025.100058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2025.100058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study used finite element analysis to assess how crown preparation height (short, normal, long) and tapering (6°-24°) affect prosthetic crown retention under orthodontic and biting forces, measured by von Mises stress in the cement layer.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Models with 3 occlusocervical heights and tapering from 6° through 24° were subjected to orthodontic loads (2, 5, 10 N) and simulated bite forces (vertical or oblique 280 N).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Under orthodontic loads, the long crown with 6° tapering showed the least stress at lower forces; a 12° taper was best at 10 N. The short crown with 6° taper consistently had the highest stress. Under vertical bite force, the long crown with 6° tapering had the least stress, whereas the normal crown with 24° tapering had the most. Under oblique bite force, the normal crown with 12° tapering had the least stress, and the long crown with 24° tapering had the most. Stress under orthodontic loads showed no consistent correlation with height or taper but increased with greater tapering under bite force.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Optimal crown design depends on force type. Long crowns performed best under vertical bite forces but worst under oblique forces. Normal crowns showed the opposite pattern. Stress distribution varies with loading conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100058"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145651949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial activity and biocompatibility of chitosan-coated orthodontic miniscrews","authors":"Karima Qurnia Mansjur DDS, PhD ,&nbsp;Eka Erwansyah DDS ,&nbsp;Ardiansyah S. Pawinru DDS ,&nbsp;Dian Yosi Arinawati DDS, PhD ,&nbsp;Widyasri Prananingrum DDS, PhD ,&nbsp;Islamy Rahma Hutami DDS, PhD ,&nbsp;Od Bayarsaikhan DDS, PhD ,&nbsp;Asma Ashari DDS, PhD ,&nbsp;Eiji Tanaka DDS, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2026.100073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2026.100073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Peri-implantitis caused by bacterial colonization is a primary factor in orthodontic miniscrew failure. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity, biocompatibility, and surface characteristics of <em>Loligo</em>-derived chitosan coatings on orthodontic miniscrews.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Chitosan was extracted and applied to miniscrews using a dip-coating method. Surface morphology and elemental composition were assessed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity against <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> was evaluated through inhibition zone, minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimum bacterial concentration tests. Cytotoxicity was tested on NIH/3T3 fibroblasts. Molecular docking was used to analyze the interactions of glucosamine with <em>S mutans</em> glucansucrase and FimA proteins.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed functional groups characteristic of chitosan. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a rough and porous surface after coating, whereas energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy revealed increased carbon and oxygen content. Coated miniscrews showed significantly greater inhibition zones and lower minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bacterial concentration values than uncoated screws, with no significant cytotoxicity. Docking analysis indicated strong binding of glucosamine to glucansucrase (−4.9 kcal/mol) and moderate binding to FimA (−3.1 kcal/mol).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div><em>Loligo</em>-derived chitosan coatings enhance the antibacterial properties of orthodontic miniscrews while maintaining biocompatibility, offering a potential and sustainable strategy for reducing the risk of peri-implantitis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100073"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147709427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}