JADA foundational science最新文献

{"title":"The future of endodontic diagnosis","authors":"Marie Mora DDS, MS ,&nbsp;Juan Pacheco-Yanes DDS, MS, PhD ,&nbsp;Asgeir Sigurdsson DDS, MS","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2025.100050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2025.100050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Innovative methods for pulpal diagnosis are becoming increasingly important in endodontics, as traditional diagnostic techniques often lack the precision and reliability needed for confident decision making. Molecular diagnostic approaches, like biomarker analysis and advanced sampling methods, represent a step forward in clinical practice. This narrative review aims to identify key biomarkers associated with pulpal inflammation, compare published cutoff points for these biomarkers, and briefly review molecular methods and sampling techniques.</div></div><div><h3>Search Strategy</h3><div>This study is a narrative review of literature identified by a web-based search on PubMed. Original scientific articles, such as clinical studies, reviews, and case reports, were included.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Several biomarkers have been associated with pulp inflammation and have been reported as statistically significant, including interleukin 1, 6, and 8; tumor necrosis factor-α; vascular endothelial growth factor; fibrocyte growth factor acidic; and matrix metalloproteinases 8 and 9. Although some cutoff points for these biomarkers have been identified, further research is necessary to refine their clinical applicability. Various sample collection methods, such as gingival crevicular fluid, dentinal fluid, pulpal tissue, and pulpal blood, have been used. Among the analytical techniques, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Luminex protein assays have proven to be the most accurate, sensitive, and specific for evaluating pulpal inflammation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100050"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current basic and preclinical research for treatment of radiation therapy–induced hyposalivation","authors":"Olga J. Baker DDS, PhD ,&nbsp;Harim Tavares dos Santos DDS, PhD ,&nbsp;Kihoon Nam PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2025.100046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2025.100046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Patients receiving radiation therapy (RT) for head and neck cancer experience hyposalivation, a condition that results in loss of oral health and significantly decreases the quality of life of millions of patients worldwide. Treatments include saliva substitutes and secretory agonists that provide only temporary relief and can result in significant adverse effects. To find more permanent and clinically viable solutions, alternative strategies are being developed that may restore salivary gland function in patients with head and neck cancer. This review provides an overview and basic interpretation of research for the treatment of RT-induced hyposalivation.</div></div><div><h3>Search Strategy</h3><div>The authors critique and synthesize a broad group of approaches that promote secretory function in an irradiated salivary gland.</div></div><div><h3>Citation Sources</h3><div>Three databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar) were searched for relevant peer-reviewed articles published from January 2000 through July 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Study Selection Criteria</h3><div>The authors selected research constituting a continuum from the most to least studied approaches to treating RT-induced hyposalivation with the goal of facilitating future work in the field.</div></div><div><h3>Data Elements Included</h3><div>The RT-induced hyposalivation treatments were categorized into post- and pre-RT headings, with approaches further distinguished according to their therapeutic goal, modality, and research stage, as well as with regard to their general pros and cons.</div></div><div><h3>Overall Conclusion</h3><div>A summary of the research approaches used to treat RT-induced hyposalivation has been created to encourage the development of improved treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100046"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An introduction to antibacterial materials in composite restorations","authors":"Devatha P. Nair MS, PhD ,&nbsp;Sarah Asby MS ,&nbsp;Fernanda S. de Lucena DDS, MS, PhD ,&nbsp;Carmem S. Pfeifer DDS, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2024.100038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2024.100038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The longevity of direct esthetic restorations is severely compromised because of, among other things, a loss of function that comes from their susceptibility to biofilm-mediated secondary caries, with <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> being the most prevalent associated pathogen. Strategies to combat biofilms range from dental compounds that can disrupt multispecies biofilms in the oral cavity to approaches that specifically target caries-causing bacteria such as <em>S mutans</em>. One strategy is to include those antibacterial compounds directly in the material so they can be available long-term in the oral cavity and localized at the margin of the restorations, in which many of the failures initiate. Many antibacterial compounds have already been proposed for use in dental materials, including but not limited to phenolic compounds, antimicrobial peptides, quaternary ammonium compounds, and nanoparticles. In general, the goal of incorporating them directly into the material is to increase their availability in the oral cavity past the fleeting effect they would otherwise have in mouth rinses. This review focuses specifically on natural compounds, of which polyphenols are the most abundant category. The authors examined attempts at using these either as pretreatment or incorporated directly into restorative material as a step toward fulfilling a long-recognized need for restorations that can combat or prevent secondary caries formation. Repeatedly restoring failed restorations comes with the loss of more tooth structure along with increasingly complex and costly dental procedures, which is detrimental to not only oral health but also systemic health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100038"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of silver diamine fluoride on nicotine-induced Streptococcus mutans biofilm","authors":"Marwa M. Elsharkasi BDS, MSD, ABOD ,&nbsp;George J. Eckert MAS ,&nbsp;Richard L. Gregory PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2024.100039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2024.100039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) reagent is used to prevent and arrest caries lesions. However, the mechanism of its action is not fully reported. The antimicrobial effect of SDF was determined on an established nicotine-induced <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> biofilm by measuring colony-forming units (CFUs), different application times, and extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) synthesis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><em>S mutans</em> biofilm was established with and without 2 mg/mL of nicotine in tryptic soy broth supplemented with sucrose. Nicotine and nonnicotine-induced biofilm groups were treated with 38% SDF for 1 minute. Non-SDF-treated groups were used as a control. The biofilm was plated on blood agar plates, and CFUs were determined. In addition, different SDF application times (30 seconds and 1, 2, and 3 minutes) were tested. For EPS production, <em>S mutans</em> were incubated with and without nicotine in tryptic soy broth supplemented with sucrose. SDF groups were treated with SDF for 1 minute. A phenol-sulfuric acid assay was used to measure the total carbohydrate produced.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was a significant effect of SDF on reducing CFUs for both nicotine and nonnicotine groups. The different application times of SDF reduced CFUs for all tested groups. EPS production was significantly reduced with the SDF application.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The use of SDF with different application times disrupted established <em>S mutans</em> biofilms. In addition, EPS production was reduced by the application of SDF. This confirms the ability of a shorter SDF treatment time to be effective and suggests a possible mechanism of action for the inhibition of caries development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100039"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The receipt of the human papillomavirus vaccine’s influence on future human papillomavirus vaccine recommendations by medical and dental students","authors":"Ana Karina Mascarenhas BDS, MPH, DrPH ,&nbsp;Arati Kelekar MD ,&nbsp;Victoria C. Lucia PhD ,&nbsp;Nelia M. Afonso MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2023.100029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfscie.2023.100029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>With a growing vaccine-hesitant population and with the increase in oral cancers, particularly in a younger population, there is a heightened need for dental and medical providers to advocate for vaccination, including the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. This study aimed to assess HPV vaccine knowledge, personal immunization status, and attitudes and opinions of dental students (DSs) and medical students (MSs).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Students from 1 medical and 4 dental schools in the United States completed an anonymous online survey assessing knowledge and attitudes and opinions about the HPV vaccine, including personal HPV vaccine status and confidence in vaccine counseling.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Seventy percent of the 453 students who completed the survey were vaccinated for HPV. Male students were significantly less likely to have received the HPV vaccine (odds ratio [OR], 0.37; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.56). MSs were 1.75 times more likely to have received the HPV vaccine than DSs (95% CI, 1.16 to 2.63). Those who were vaccinated and those who were not vaccinated substantially differed in opinions and knowledge of the HPV vaccine. Vaccinated students were more than 5 times more likely to report they would recommend HPV vaccines to friends and family (OR, 5.22; 95% CI, 2.57 to 10.87), recommend HPV vaccines to patients (OR, 2.71; 95% CI, 1.39 to 5.26), and advocate for HPV vaccines (OR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.24 to 4.70). In the linear regression model, age (<em>P</em> = .0204 and <em>P</em> &lt; .00003), profession (<em>P</em> &lt; .00001), and HPV vaccination status (<em>P</em> &lt; .00001) predicted HPV knowledge.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings show that MSs are more likely to be vaccinated. In addition, HPV-vaccinated people had better knowledge, attitudes, and opinions than those who were not vaccinated. Receipt of the HPV vaccine increased advocacy for the vaccine. Educating these professionals about the efficacy and impact of the HPV vaccine could increase their advocacy for the vaccine.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100029"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772414X23000099/pdfft?md5=16ddafca1a92abea6a946dd5fff69f4e&pid=1-s2.0-S2772414X23000099-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139406011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of repeated activation on the heat output of electric pluggers","authors":"Anthony G. Fioretti DDS, MS ,&nbsp;Andrew D. Henning DMD, MS ,&nbsp;Susan E. Hinman DDS, MS ,&nbsp;Rodney V. Scott DDS, MS ,&nbsp;Nancy H. Osborne DDS, MS ,&nbsp;Nicholas J. Hamlin PhD, DDS, MS","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2024.100032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfscie.2024.100032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Electric pluggers that output accurate and reliable heat are required to thermoplasticize gutta-percha for endodontic obturation. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of heat output by Buchanan electronic pluggers (Kerr Endodontics) after repeated activation cycles.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The Elements Obturation Unit (Kerr Endodontics) was operated in downpack mode according to the manufacturer’s recommendations with a temperature of 200 °C and automatic cutoff after 4 seconds of continuous activation. Fifteen Buchanan Heat Pluggers were tested: 5 of each of sizes extra fine (XF) (0.04 taper), fine (F) (0.06 taper), and fine medium (FM) (0.08 taper). Pluggers were allowed to cool for 5 to 10 seconds between activations and were activated 25 times per day for 80 days, totaling 2,000 activations per plugger. A thermocouple and an electronic data logger were used to record a single peak temperature for each plugger at the final activation of each day.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There was no degradation in heat generation across 2,000 activations for any of the plugger sizes. Heat output for XF (0.04 taper) pluggers was significantly lower than for F (0.06 taper) and FM (0.08 taper) pluggers. Three of the 5 XF pluggers lost functionality before reaching 2,000 activations.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The heat output for F (0.06 taper) and FM (0.08 taper) pluggers was close to expected (temperatures) and did not degrade over 2,000 activations. All plugger sizes showed high variance in heat output. XF (0.04 taper) pluggers may be prone to lower temperature output than larger plugger sizes and prone to failure before 2,000 activations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100032"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772414X24000021/pdfft?md5=3177ab1c57fc5365128988b730757f63&pid=1-s2.0-S2772414X24000021-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140160027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The oral microbiome","authors":"Justin Merritt PhD ,&nbsp;Jack L. Ferracane PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2024.100042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2024.100042","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100042"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relaxation mechanisms in low-stress polymer networks with alternative chemistries","authors":"Steven H. Lewis BS, MS,&nbsp;Ana Paula P. Fugolin DDS, MS, PhD,&nbsp;Anissa Bartolome BS,&nbsp;Carmem S. Pfeifer DDS, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2024.100033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfscie.2024.100033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Low-stress resin-based composites (RBCs) are available to the clinician, some using stress relaxation mechanisms on the basis of network reconfiguration, modulated photopolymerization, or chain transfer reactions. This study investigated those materials in terms of their overall stress relaxation and their relationship with polymerization kinetics and compared them with an experimental low-stress thiourethane (TU) material.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Experimental composites (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl dimethacrylate, urethane dimethacrylate, and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate [50:30:20 mass ratio]; 70% barium aluminosilicate filler; camphoroquinone, ethyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate, and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol [0.2:0.8:0.2% by mass]) with or without TU oligomer (synthesized in-house) and commercial composites (SureFil SDR Flow+ Posterior Bulk Fill Flowable Base [SDR Flow+] [Dentsply Sirona], Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative [3M ESPE], and Filtek Supreme Ultra Universal Restorative [3M ESPE]) were tested. Polymerization kinetics (near-infrared) and polymerization stress (Bioman) were evaluated during light-emitting diode photoactivation at 100 mW/cm² for 20 seconds. Stress relaxation was assessed using dynamic mechanical analysis. Data were analyzed with a 1-way analysis of variance and Tukey test (α = 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The kinetic profiles of all materials differed substantially, including more than a 2-fold difference in the rate of polymerization between TU-modified composites and SDR Flow+. TU-modified RBCs also showed more than a 2-fold higher conversion at the onset of deceleration vs the experimental control and commercial materials. RBCs that used stress reduction mechanisms showed at least a 34% reduction in polymerization stress compared with the controls and significantly reduced the amount of early-onset stress buildup. SDR Flow+ and the TU-modified RBCs showed the greatest amount of viscoelastic stress relaxation postpolymerization.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The novel TU-modified materials showed similar or improved performance compared with commercial low-stress RBCs, showing that chain transfer may be a promising strategy for stress reduction, both during polymerization and after polymerization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100033"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772414X24000033/pdfft?md5=fe849c9ccb34e08cda9da7e3b7657d3e&pid=1-s2.0-S2772414X24000033-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140351147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted enamel remineralization with mineral-loaded starch particles","authors":"Nathan A. Jones PhD ,&nbsp;Li-Chi Pan MEng ,&nbsp;Susan E. Flannagan MS ,&nbsp;Kai A. Jones MD ,&nbsp;Lyudmila Lukashova MS ,&nbsp;Lucas Wightman BEng ,&nbsp;Sywe-Ren Chang MS ,&nbsp;Glenn Jones MD ,&nbsp;Livia M.A. Tenuta DDS, PhD ,&nbsp;Carlos González-Cabezas DDS, PhD ,&nbsp;Brian H. Clarkson DDS, PhD ,&nbsp;Wendy Bloembergen MD ,&nbsp;Steven Bloembergen PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2024.100041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2024.100041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Noninvasive caries treatments work topically, which may limit efficacy. The authors hypothesized that an alternative approach using mineral-loaded particles designed to target the subsurface of noncavitated caries lesions could be advantageous. This study shows in vitro proof-of-concept.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Mineral-loaded cationic starch (MLCS) particles were prepared, containing calcium, phosphate, and fluoride to provide fluoride-plus (FP) and fluoride-free (FF) alternatives. Particles were characterized for mineral loading and release. MLCS-FP and -FF treatments vs 1,000 ppm fluoride and deionized water controls were evaluated on natural smooth-surface caries lesions (n = 15 per group) after a 20-day protocol with immersion in artificial saliva with amylase and acid challenge. Treatment efficacy was assessed by microcomputed tomography, labeled fluorescence imaging, and blinded qualitative visual assessment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In aqueous suspension and absent amylase, particles showed sustained mineral ion release. The tomographic evaluation found significant (multivariable regression analysis, <em>P</em> &lt; .05) restoration of lesion mineral density by MLCS-FP and MLCS-FF (42.9% and 38.6%, respectively) vs fluoride and negative controls (7.4% and −18%, respectively), particularly for the lesion subsurface (13.8% [13.0%], 15.9% [9.4%], −2.2% [7.3%], and −1.8% [4.0%] relative hydroxyapatite density for 0.25 through 0.45 μm lesion depth for FP, FF, fluoride, and deionized water, respectively). Visually reduced white opacity (Fisher exact test, <em>P</em> = .038, MLCS-FF vs fluoride) and labeled fluorescence (analysis of variance, <em>P</em> &lt; .05 for MLCS-FF [75.4%], MLCS-FP [75.7%], fluoride [64.1%] vs negative control [−0.2%]) were observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These foundational studies show the potential of mineral-loaded starch particles to remineralize enamel as a new approach to treating early caries by subsurface targeted mineral delivery. The in vitro study results indicated that targeted particles improved treatment efficacy, with the data supporting the superiority of MLCS-FP and FF formulations over control conditions for subsurface remineralization and visual esthetic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100041"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of flow cytometry to analyze microbial quality of dental unit water","authors":"Clifton M. Carey PhD ,&nbsp;Shannon E. Mills DDS ,&nbsp;Richard Vigil MS ,&nbsp;Madison Aungst BS, DDS ,&nbsp;Lacey Favazzo PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2024.100037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2024.100037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dental unit waterline (DUWL) safety is vital for dental practitioners. Unfortunately, the standard heterotrophic plate count (HPC) methods commonly used to identify bacterial contamination dramatically underestimate planktonic bacteria counts. Flow cytometry (FCM) directly counts bacterial cells using laser-activated fluorescence, providing more reliable and timely results.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Approximately 1,700 DUWL samples were measured by both HPC and FCM methods. HPC samples were plated on R2A agar within 8 hours of receipt, incubated at 25 °C for 7 days, and reported as colony-forming units (CFU)/mL. FCM samples were treated with SYBR Green I fluorescent stain, analyzed and reported as high nucleic acid (HNA) and low nucleic acid (LNA) cell counts. An empirical algorithm was developed using HNA and LNA cell counts compared with the recommended action limit for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s greater than 500 CFU/mL pass or fail.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>An FCM threshold limit that included both HNA 250 or greater and LNA 750 or greater cell counts was derived by pairing FCM data with R2A samples dichotomized as passing (≤ 500 CFU/mL) or failing (&gt; 500 CFU/mL) to establish corresponding pass or fail criteria that would minimize false pass and false fail compared with R2A results. 1,388 (81.6%) of samples passed the R2A limit of 500 CFU/mL or fewer, whereas 1,427 (83.9%) FCM samples passed the proposed HNA 250 or fewer and LNA 750 or fewer criteria.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The data show that FCM analysis and the proposed threshold criteria can be used as a powerful adjunctive tool for monitoring DUWL contamination, which includes greater accuracy and the ability to analyze samples immediately on receipt.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100037"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142326573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}