JADA foundational science最新文献

{"title":"Biodegradable polymeric ion–releasing fillers","authors":"Hannah Reynolds BS ,&nbsp;Bryanna Bravo BS ,&nbsp;Germelle Fulford MS ,&nbsp;Ana Martinez BS ,&nbsp;Mark A. Latta MS, DMD ,&nbsp;Stephen M. Gross BS, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2025.100047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2025.100047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dentists spend considerable time treating issues stemming from caries, especially recurrent caries. European Union regulations require microplastics to be biodegradable. The goal of this research is to develop biodegradable, ion-releasing fillers that could be incorporated into dental materials that aid in remineralization of teeth.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Polymeric ion–releasing fillers (PIRFs) that released calcium from a dental composite were prepared. These fillers were synthesized from a biodegradable polymer obtained from a renewable resource (alginate) and are capable of releasing calcium ions. Synthetic variables included the concentration of reactants, emulsifying agents, and applied shear rate. PIRFs were incorporated into dental formulations and categorized by scanning electron microscopy, ion release, degree of conversion, depth of cure, and viscosity measurements.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Scanning electron microscopic images confirmed the successful isolation of the PIRFs from synthesis and subsequent mixing into a bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate continuous phase that was converted into a dental composite. The degree of conversion and depth of cure measurements were consistent with those of a typical dental material, showing the viability of adding PIRFs to dental composites. The effect of mixing the PIRFs on the viscosity of the continuous phase was measured. The addition of up to 5 wt/wt% of these fillers did not significantly increase viscosity, allowing for inclusion into a wide array of dental materials. Incorporation led to pseudoplastic behavior, in which the viscosity decreased with increased shear rate. The incorporation of PIRFs leads to rheopectic behavior at low shear rates and thixotropic behavior at higher rates.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Biodegradable PIRFs are a promising approach to help prevent caries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100047"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial dark matter and the future of dentistry","authors":"Jill Sirko PhD,&nbsp;Batbileg Bor PhD,&nbsp;Xuesong He DDS, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2024.100043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2024.100043","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100043"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing dentist and chatbot answers to dental questions for quality and empathy","authors":"Erin E. Maruska DMD, MPH ,&nbsp;Amira Elgreatly BDS, MS ,&nbsp;William Madaio DMD ,&nbsp;Klud Razoky BDS, NZDREX ,&nbsp;Curt Bay PhD ,&nbsp;Ahmed Mahrous BDS, MS","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2025.100044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2025.100044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Integration of large language models (LLMs) into health care, particularly in patient communication, is a growing trend. This study evaluated the effectiveness of LLM chatbots in addressing dental patient queries compared with responses from human dentists on a public online forum.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In January 2024, 20 patient questions and responses were randomly sampled from Reddit’s dental advice community. We assessed the quality and empathy of ChatGPT-generated responses (Version GPT-3.5, OpenAI) by 9 blinded dentists. The dentists were selected from a dental faculty pool familiar with reading and assessing written communication. The evaluators rated the information quality of the responses on a Likert scale (very poor, 1; poor, 2; acceptable, 3; good, 4; very good, 5) and empathy (not empathetic, 1; slightly empathetic, 2; moderately empathetic, 3; empathetic, 4; very empathetic, 5). Subsequently, they selected the best response (dentist or artificial intelligence). Nine blinded dentists rated 20 responses to the online inquiries, providing 180 potential responses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results indicated that the LLM chatbots’ responses were rated as higher quality and exhibited higher levels of empathy than human responses. Among 179 responses (1 was missing) to the question about whether the response was better from ChatGPT or the dentist, 167 (93.3%) responses indicated ChatGPT and 12 (6.7%) indicated dentist (<em>P</em> &lt; .001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Although subjective variations in assessing quality and empathy may exist, this study suggests that LLM chatbot responses show higher quality and empathy than online dentist responses. The use of LLM chatbots by dentists can enhance patient communication in dental practice owing to their efficiency, empathy, and quality. Further research is needed to determine the full potential of artificial intelligence in dentistry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100044"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of platelet-rich fibrin in maintaining vascularity for intentionally replanted teeth","authors":"Elisabeth L. Easley-Perez DMD, MPH, MS ,&nbsp;Joseph B. Bavitz DMD ,&nbsp;Lynette M. Smith PhD ,&nbsp;Peter J. Giannini DDS, MS","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2025.100048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2025.100048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A primary goal for a mature tooth autotransplant is preserving tooth vitality. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has characteristics that may improve the success of autotransplanted mature teeth by decreasing harmful inflammation and boosting vascular growth. This prospective human trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PRF on vitality in a mature tooth replantation model.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This double-blind, randomized controlled trial included 18 participants with 70 single-rooted vital teeth planned for prosthetic extraction. Experimental teeth were extracted and apicoectomized to increase vascular growth. PRF was condensed into the canals before teeth were replanted in their respective sockets. In the same patient, control teeth received identical treatment without PRF. Teeth were splinted and monitored for 3 through 11 months before final vitality testing, extraction, and histologic analysis of pulpal tissue.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Comparison of vitality testing did not yield statistically significant differences between experimental and control teeth. In addition, histologic evaluation of infiltrate type and health of pulp did not reveal any benefit from the addition of PRF. Out-of-mouth time marginally differed between experimental and control groups (mean difference, 0.26 [95% CI, −0.50 to −0.020]; <em>P</em> = .04) but did not affect vitality testing (<em>P</em> = .86). Inflammation state of the recipient site is believed to have confounded final results.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>PRF applied to the periapical region did not improve the chances of vitality retention after extraction and replantation; however, it is possible site inflammation may have affected vitality results and confounded the effects of PRF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100048"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144296828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photobiomodulation therapy","authors":"Praveen R. Arany BDS, MDS, MMSc, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2025.100045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2025.100045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The use of low doses of photons (light) in biological tissues to modulate (inhibit or stimulate) responses is termed photobiomodulation (PBM). This nonthermal, noninvasive, and nonsurgical light treatment has been reported to reduce pain or inflammation, modulate immune responses, and promote tissue healing and regeneration. These fundamental pathophysiological responses underlie several oral and dental diseases, highlighting the broad scope of PBM interventions such as alleviating pain, discomfort, and swelling postsurgical procedures, including third-molar extractions, managing oncotherapy-associated mucositis and temporomandibular joint disorders, and promoting accelerated orthodontic tooth movements and implant osseointegration.</div></div><div><h3>Search Strategy, Citation Sources, and Data Elements</h3><div>This narrative review provides the state-of-the-art in the PBM field, including history, terminology, mechanisms, devices, safety, regulations, and policy. The primary emphasis of this work is to outline the advances in mechanistic insights and clinical dosing paradigms that enable the safe and effective use of this therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Overall Conclusions</h3><div>The importance of fundamental PBM education and training concepts focusing on light-tissue interactions, target tissue composition, evoked therapeutic biological responses, clinical diagnosis, and rationalized dose prescriptions is emphasized. Furthermore, several issues and logistical concerns should be addressed to enable the routine use of this innovative nonpharmacological treatment. A succinct version of this article is available as the American Dental Association Technical Report no. 189 Standards Committee on Dental Products Working Group 6.58.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100045"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dental plaque","authors":"Jessica L. Mark Welch PhD,&nbsp;Gary G. Borisy PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2025.100051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2025.100051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100051"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current basic and preclinical research for treatment of radiation therapy–induced hyposalivation","authors":"Olga J. Baker DDS, PhD ,&nbsp;Harim Tavares dos Santos DDS, PhD ,&nbsp;Kihoon Nam PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2025.100046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2025.100046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Patients receiving radiation therapy (RT) for head and neck cancer experience hyposalivation, a condition that results in loss of oral health and significantly decreases the quality of life of millions of patients worldwide. Treatments include saliva substitutes and secretory agonists that provide only temporary relief and can result in significant adverse effects. To find more permanent and clinically viable solutions, alternative strategies are being developed that may restore salivary gland function in patients with head and neck cancer. This review provides an overview and basic interpretation of research for the treatment of RT-induced hyposalivation.</div></div><div><h3>Search Strategy</h3><div>The authors critique and synthesize a broad group of approaches that promote secretory function in an irradiated salivary gland.</div></div><div><h3>Citation Sources</h3><div>Three databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar) were searched for relevant peer-reviewed articles published from January 2000 through July 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Study Selection Criteria</h3><div>The authors selected research constituting a continuum from the most to least studied approaches to treating RT-induced hyposalivation with the goal of facilitating future work in the field.</div></div><div><h3>Data Elements Included</h3><div>The RT-induced hyposalivation treatments were categorized into post- and pre-RT headings, with approaches further distinguished according to their therapeutic goal, modality, and research stage, as well as with regard to their general pros and cons.</div></div><div><h3>Overall Conclusion</h3><div>A summary of the research approaches used to treat RT-induced hyposalivation has been created to encourage the development of improved treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100046"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The future of endodontic diagnosis","authors":"Marie Mora DDS, MS ,&nbsp;Juan Pacheco-Yanes DDS, MS, PhD ,&nbsp;Asgeir Sigurdsson DDS, MS","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2025.100050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2025.100050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Innovative methods for pulpal diagnosis are becoming increasingly important in endodontics, as traditional diagnostic techniques often lack the precision and reliability needed for confident decision making. Molecular diagnostic approaches, like biomarker analysis and advanced sampling methods, represent a step forward in clinical practice. This narrative review aims to identify key biomarkers associated with pulpal inflammation, compare published cutoff points for these biomarkers, and briefly review molecular methods and sampling techniques.</div></div><div><h3>Search Strategy</h3><div>This study is a narrative review of literature identified by a web-based search on PubMed. Original scientific articles, such as clinical studies, reviews, and case reports, were included.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Several biomarkers have been associated with pulp inflammation and have been reported as statistically significant, including interleukin 1, 6, and 8; tumor necrosis factor-α; vascular endothelial growth factor; fibrocyte growth factor acidic; and matrix metalloproteinases 8 and 9. Although some cutoff points for these biomarkers have been identified, further research is necessary to refine their clinical applicability. Various sample collection methods, such as gingival crevicular fluid, dentinal fluid, pulpal tissue, and pulpal blood, have been used. Among the analytical techniques, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Luminex protein assays have proven to be the most accurate, sensitive, and specific for evaluating pulpal inflammation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100050"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An introduction to antibacterial materials in composite restorations","authors":"Devatha P. Nair MS, PhD ,&nbsp;Sarah Asby MS ,&nbsp;Fernanda S. de Lucena DDS, MS, PhD ,&nbsp;Carmem S. Pfeifer DDS, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2024.100038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2024.100038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The longevity of direct esthetic restorations is severely compromised because of, among other things, a loss of function that comes from their susceptibility to biofilm-mediated secondary caries, with <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> being the most prevalent associated pathogen. Strategies to combat biofilms range from dental compounds that can disrupt multispecies biofilms in the oral cavity to approaches that specifically target caries-causing bacteria such as <em>S mutans</em>. One strategy is to include those antibacterial compounds directly in the material so they can be available long-term in the oral cavity and localized at the margin of the restorations, in which many of the failures initiate. Many antibacterial compounds have already been proposed for use in dental materials, including but not limited to phenolic compounds, antimicrobial peptides, quaternary ammonium compounds, and nanoparticles. In general, the goal of incorporating them directly into the material is to increase their availability in the oral cavity past the fleeting effect they would otherwise have in mouth rinses. This review focuses specifically on natural compounds, of which polyphenols are the most abundant category. The authors examined attempts at using these either as pretreatment or incorporated directly into restorative material as a step toward fulfilling a long-recognized need for restorations that can combat or prevent secondary caries formation. Repeatedly restoring failed restorations comes with the loss of more tooth structure along with increasingly complex and costly dental procedures, which is detrimental to not only oral health but also systemic health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100038"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of silver diamine fluoride on nicotine-induced Streptococcus mutans biofilm","authors":"Marwa M. Elsharkasi BDS, MSD, ABOD ,&nbsp;George J. Eckert MAS ,&nbsp;Richard L. Gregory PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2024.100039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfscie.2024.100039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) reagent is used to prevent and arrest caries lesions. However, the mechanism of its action is not fully reported. The antimicrobial effect of SDF was determined on an established nicotine-induced <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> biofilm by measuring colony-forming units (CFUs), different application times, and extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) synthesis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><em>S mutans</em> biofilm was established with and without 2 mg/mL of nicotine in tryptic soy broth supplemented with sucrose. Nicotine and nonnicotine-induced biofilm groups were treated with 38% SDF for 1 minute. Non-SDF-treated groups were used as a control. The biofilm was plated on blood agar plates, and CFUs were determined. In addition, different SDF application times (30 seconds and 1, 2, and 3 minutes) were tested. For EPS production, <em>S mutans</em> were incubated with and without nicotine in tryptic soy broth supplemented with sucrose. SDF groups were treated with SDF for 1 minute. A phenol-sulfuric acid assay was used to measure the total carbohydrate produced.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was a significant effect of SDF on reducing CFUs for both nicotine and nonnicotine groups. The different application times of SDF reduced CFUs for all tested groups. EPS production was significantly reduced with the SDF application.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The use of SDF with different application times disrupted established <em>S mutans</em> biofilms. In addition, EPS production was reduced by the application of SDF. This confirms the ability of a shorter SDF treatment time to be effective and suggests a possible mechanism of action for the inhibition of caries development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73530,"journal":{"name":"JADA foundational science","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100039"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}